Revenue Recognition Essays (Examples)

evenue recognition is a method by which one can determine when certain income can be recognized or considered as revenue. When we say "to recognize" we actually mean to record. This principle is used by several businesses and organizations to ensure that their accounting records are up-to-date and accurate. There are typically three important guidelines for revenue recognition. (Taub, 2011)

evenue is recognized when earned: In this case the earnings process must be fully complete. This means that revenue can only be recorded into the book of accounts when all transactions between a seller and the customer are complete. The seller of a particular product or service must have no obligation or duty towards the customer. So, the two types of transactions involved here are there selling of a product from inventory and the rendering of a service. Once the product is delivered to the final customer or the service…

evenue recognition is significant because it not only defines to the leaders of the company that the product sold is doing well in its markets but also that the price on the product is comparable to the competition - shown through the return of high premiums and that all expenses to make said product are being received through the sale of these products. "Process of recording revenue, under one of the various methods, in the accounting period. In the period of revenue recognition, related expenses should be matched to revenue. The most often used method of recognizing revenue is at the time of sale or rendering of service. The cash basis of revenue recognition is also popular among service businesses. Other methods of revenue recognition include during production and at the completion of production" (Barron's Accounting Dictionary, 2010). evenue recognition should be offset by the expenses involved in producing the…

evenue ecognition

evenue is a mode of taxation that is charged by the central governing authority for the purpose of generation income for the government. evenue is charged on various items from the companies or on businesses that are conducted within the jurisdiction of the ruling authority (Bragg, 2010). evenue generation is a process that is crucial as it touches on the income and profit made by the body that is being charged. For this reasons, there are measures and rules that govern the process. These rules dictate what is to be taxed as revenue and the criterion to be followed in order to identify what revenue is. Thus, the need to recognize what revenue is for the various companies and organizations.

These criteria that regulate the process are usually documented as laws that are to be adhered to. There are objectives to identify what the revenue is key since;…

Control environment: (i) Insistent accounting policies or practices. (ii) Demands from senior management to augment revenues and earnings (iii) Absence of involvement by the accounting or finance department in transactions or in the supervision of arrangements with distributors. (Practice Alert 98-3 evenue ecognition Issues)

Matters needing special consideration: (i) an alteration in the revenue recognition policy of the company. (ii) Sales terms do not meet the terms with the usual policies of the company. (iii) Longer duration of anticipated payment terms or installment receivables. (iv) Important sales or volumes of sales which are recorded during the or near the culmination of the reporting period. (v) Putting into use substandard contracts or agreements. (vi) Transaction with related parties. In order to reduce the danger of inappropriate revenue recognition, the audit is required to be planned and implemented with a suitable extent of professional disbelief. At the time of planning the audit,…

AUS 2016-08 Analysis
The Accounting Standards Update (ASU 2016-08) covers the topic "Revenues from Contracts with Customers". This move was made to bring the FASB standards more in line with IASB standards, as part of the effort to converge US GAAP with IFRS standards. The main provisions of this update are as follows. "An entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services." This sounds fairly straightforward. To achieve this core principle, "an entity should adapt the following steps:
· Identify the contract(s) with a customer
· Identify the performance obligations in the contract
· Determine the transaction price
· Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
· Recognize revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation
The FASB…

Accounting Concepts

evenue ecognition: Its elevance and Significance

In the words of Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso (2008), "the revenue recognition principle requires that companies recognize revenue in the accounting period in which it is earned." Unlike is the case in the cash basis of accounting, revenue under the accrual accounting basis is recognized on the sale of a certain commodity or the performance of a given service. Under the cash basis of accounting, the recording of revenue according to Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso (2008) takes place when cash is received. Further, the authors point out that in this case, the recording of expenses takes place after cash is paid out.

It should be noted that alongside other accounting rules and principles, revenue recognition remains one of GAAP's most important standards. In most cases, companies do not receive payment for goods sold at the exact time of sale. This is more…

Accounting Case

Revenue recognition is a significant issue for several interrelated reasons. Appropriate guidelines for determining when revenue is recognized can keep companies from inflating their profits and boosting their apparent standing as well as establish criteria that makes it more difficult for companies to hide revenue for tax saving purposes or other reasons (Investopedia 2011). Generally speaking, revenues are recognized when payment is received for the rendering of services or provision of goods by a company, though in certain situations other criteria should be met or events occur before revenue is recognized (Investopedia 2011). Companies that extend large amounts of credit with high rates of return might reasonably count revenues at the time of service/good provision and before actual payment is received, for instance, while companies that receive a lot of returns should do just the opposite.

The matching concept requires that the assets responsible for the creation of…

Expensing of Stock Options

Expensing of stock options is a far more complicated issue. The Federal Accounting Standards oard (FAS) strongly recommends expensing of options and is trying to make it a legal requirement (Rash, 2004).

The pros of expensing options include providing a level playing field so that companies that use cash bonuses and companies that use stock options each have an expense on the income statement (McPeak). and, some believe it will improve corporate governance by reducing the incentives to inflate income and earnings per share.

However, there are many significant challenges for a company that expenses options (McPeak). Many companies have issued options to multiple levels of employees to attract high quality employees and to motivate them. If companies expense options at the time they are granted, it will be difficult to continue to grant options to as many employees. Some feel that there is already a…

GAAP is a set of specific common guidelines, provided by the institutions such as the Financial Accounting Standards oard, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Securities and Exchange Commission, about "acceptable accounting practices"

These acceptable practices should not necessarily be regarded as a set of ground rules. In fact, it is a common denominator, useful when foreign firms, especially auditing companies, proceed to financial verifications. The GAAP provide for an easier task from the auditing companies and anybody else who interprets the financial statements.

In the case of Legal Plan Services, the GAAP guidelines will provide the necessary information that will permit a common evaluation, a common ground on which revenue and expenses can be considered. esides being interpretable by more than one side, the GAAP guidelines are, in this case, rules which allow for the company's accounting methods to be understood by others and would permit,…

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The determination for marketable security with respect to disproportionate distribution is accomplished by reducing the amount of marketable securities that is treated as money using the following steps:

1. The excess of the partner's share of net gain that would be recognized if all securities of the type distributed held by the partnership immediately before the transaction were sold at fair market value over

2. The partner's share of gain that would be taken into account if the securities held by the partnership immediately after the transaction were sold.

While the term "marketable securities" includes interests in actively traded precious metals and other financial instruments that are set forth in the applicable IRC code and regulations, there are some exceptions to this provision, though, and it does not apply in three specific situations as noted below:

1. Contributed by partner. If the security itself was contributed to the partnership…

Internal evenue Service's Use of Circular 230 to egulate Tax Preparers

An oft repeated maxim in American history states sardonically that "in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except for death and taxes" (Franklin, 1840), and under the modern statutes of federal tax code that observation has never been more prescient. With taxes imposed by local, state and federal governments throughout the entirety of our natural lives, Americans living in 2012 may be facing the most extensive excises ever levied by one nation on its citizenry. Considering the dreaded annual income tax, the sales taxes added to the cost of consumer goods, and property taxes attached to home valuations, the average person is compelled to contribute thousands of dollars annually to support the revenue shortages of a mismanaged federal government. Even the choice to gift a sum of money to your child, spouse or lifelong friend, perhaps…

Furthermore, capital gains normally tend to be spread across a wider income scale than many believe. According to the IRS Individual Income Tax Returns, Preliminary Data, 1992 federal income tax returns, 55% of returns claiming capital gains were from incomes of $50,000 or less, including a capital gain (Thorning, 1995). hat this information appears to come down to is that the capital gains tax affects almost everyone, which happens to affect the economy in general.

Tax Act of 2011

ith some of the huge advantages that have been back loaded, the Tax Relief Act of 2001 displays itself as more of a tax odyssey than what would be considered a tax act. The most positive of those that are called our planners really just provide estate tax repeal which is a 50/50 possibility of essentially being executed. Taxpayers and planners similarly are left with the troublesome query, "hat is the…

Louis Vuitton -- Case Study

Key Issues

To formulate a plan for the expansion of the brand into the international market. The planning and execution of strategies that would help on long-term commitment of support in the international market, depending upon different parts of the world.

The formulation of strategies and plans in cases of economic down times and interference of government policies.

Assess the performance of the company by taking into consideration the consumer trends, relevant fashion of time, the scope and demands of every international market.

To evaluate an effective model of communication and monitoring in order to analyze the trends of the existing markets that includes domestic market, variety and innovations of the products of the company.

Internal Analysis: Brand Recognition

Value

The parent company, Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton is one of the most famous, renowned and old fashion and apparel house. The company and the brand…

accounting questions while the rest centers on the characteristics of two certain companies, those being Apple and Philips.

Accounting Questions & Answers

The first accounting question is why revenue recognition is a significant issue. ecognizing when revenue comes in, what specific revenue stems from and the exact amount of all of the above is a very vital part of the accounting process because it has a direct correlation and effect on the profit/loss of a company, the income statement, the cash flow statement and, to a lesser extent, the balance sheet. evenues are used to defray the costs of the goods/services that were disseminated and they need to be properly measured and accounted for, and in the time period to which they apply, so as to ensure that all of the affected and relevant financial statements reflect what is truly going on and when precisely it happens (McQuaig & Bille,…

Working With Financial Statements:

There are four main principles that have led to the success of the accounting system which the accountants use in preparing financial report of a company but we shall only focus on two. One of the principles is the evenue ecognition Principle whereby the accountant is expected to present a financial report by indicating the cash flow of the company. As one of the main accounting principles in the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, revenue recognition can basically be considered as how revenue is recognized or treated. On the basis of cash accounting, revenue is simply recognized when cash is received despite the performance of the services and delivery of goods. On the contrary, revenue is recognized in accrual basis accounting when they are realizable or earned regardless of when cash is received. However, revenue is recognized when two conditions are met i.e. The completion of…

Case Study on Larson Industries
Larson Industries Research Revenue Recognition Issues
Introduction
Larson Industries is one of the firm's biggest clients. The company partakes in the manufacturing of carpentry and other premium handheld and mechanical tools. Larson Industries has entered into an agreement with Dynamic Wholesale, Inc. regarding the sale of AM300, which is Larson's leading product in the industry. Multiple complex revenue recognition problems face this new Contract (McNellis, Barone, and Herbold, 2020).
The purpose of this report is to present to Rosalie Grant the identified and analyzed for accounting issues in the Larson-Dynamic Contract about revenue recognition and the recommended appropriate accounting treatment. The report capitalizes on the most current execution of the updated revenue recognition guidance as per Topic 606 derived from the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification, together with IFRS 15 from the International Accounting Standards Board.
Larson-Dynamic contract Accounting Issues
This section of…

FASB Codification Pre-Case

Multiple Deliverable Arrangements (MDAs) are agreements through which a vendor will offer several deliverables to a customer. Generally, businesses (regardless of their sizes) provide a wide range of products and/or services to their customers. In the process of providing products and/or services, business organizations negotiate with a single customer. The end product of these negotiations is a contractually binding agreement with multiple deliverables. Given that such agreements generate challenging revenue recognition concerns, the Financial Accounting Standards Board has established standards for Multiple Deliverable Arrangements in ASC 605-25. This codification section provides guidelines for transaction-specific revenue recognition and specific issues associated with activities that generate revenues.

The items covered by this topic as Multiple Deliverable Arrangements are products, services or permission for asset utilization agreed upon by the vendor and customer either orally or written. This applies to all industries in which a vendor will perform several activities…

Acquiring a Company

Over the last several years, globalization has been having profound impact upon how various revenues are being accounted for. This is because there has been a concentrated effort, to create a universal accounting standard that can be utilized around the world. In the case of SolvGen and Careway, this could mean that possible changes may have an impact upon how various revenues are reported. To determine the underlying effect that this will have on both companies requires: examining the deliverables arrangement, when milestone payments should be recognized as revenues and if IFRS changes will have an impact upon the way this is recorded. Together, these different elements will provide the greatest insights, as to how these changes will affect SolvGen and Careway.

What are the deliverables for the arrangement described in the case study above?

Under the agreement the deliverable for SolvGen include: Commercial launch of instrument…

Summary

There are certain aspects of Tesla' s business model that distinguish it from other automakers. These manifest either in its accounting policies, or in the ways in which those policies will affect Tesla (but maybe not its competitors, even if they utilize the same policies). The direct-to-consumer sales model in particular holds influence over some policies, while the company's youth handcuffs it with respect to how it handles things like warranty risk on its financial statements.

Tesla recognizes revenue on the basis of revenue it believes it will collect, on vehicles delivered. This is a little bit different than companies that work with the dealer model, because Tesla sells directly to consumers, and takes substantial deposits. Deliveries are equivalent to sales for the company, which is different from most automakers, and the pre-payment and waiting lists typically mean that the company will not have many returns. It does offer…

Accounting Case Study

Legal Plan Services

What type of product is Legal Plan Services selling? Tangible or intangible? What type of benefits does the client receive for his membership?

The kind of products that Legal Plan Services is selling is legal representation for civil litigation. The way the company's approach works is to provide customers with access to some of the top law firms for purchasing a membership. The services are considered to be intangible because this is not something that can be physically held. The benefits that the client receives are the ability to consult with any one of the attorneys from affiliate firms for free. This involves select cases including: personal injury, tax, criminal and civil related issues. If the client goes beyond a certain amount of hours is when the membership will provide a 25% discount on the firm's hourly rate. ("Intangible")

What accounting concepts, objectives, and…

Procter and Gamble

Case Study about Procter and Gamble

Procter and Gamble (P&G) is a global American company specialized in consumer household and personal products. It has its headquarters at Cincinnati, Ohio, in the United States. Its founders are William Procter and James Gamble hence the name Procter and Gamble. The company was started in 1837 but fully incorporated in 1905. After its establishment, the company has grown to the extent that is controls a significant share in the global market share. Its brands are renowned and trade internationally currently ranked as the largest producer of consumer goods. The board of governors of eleven members runs the company, with A.G. Lefley being the board chairperson, president and CEO (Procter & Gamble, 2010).

P&G Market Strategy and Segments

Procter and Gamble Company (P&G) products and services have penetrated more than 180 countries and territories globally. Every multinational company has a strategy,…

(the Company) to the Loan Agreement with Western Financial Services (the Lender). For the purpose of providing you with this letter, other than as set out herein, we have carried out the audit and review of the Company's financial information

Report

Based solely on the procedures set out in the engagement letter dated October 9, 20X5 (see Attachment 1) we confirm that the Company is in compliance with all of its restrictive debt covenants with the Lender.

Our report as set out herein is confidential to the addressees of this letter and should not be made available to any other party without our written consent.

Yours faithfully

Charles Adam

Partner cc Chairman of the Board of Directors, Keystone Computers & Networks, Inc.

Memo

To FILES

From Warren Love

Karren West

Date November 14, 20X5

Subject Keystone Computers & Networks, Inc.

Revenue recognition - Accounting for the sale of extended warranty…

Accounting

There are a couple of different issues with the Smith Company statements. The first question relates to the $45,500 worth of products. This would not be recorded as income, because the customer has not committed to the purchase. Revenue recognition rules hold that revenue cannot be recognized until the sale has been finalized (Investopedia, 2013). This revenue must be removed from the income statement. hile the description of the situation is unclear, it appears that this amount was removed from the revenue already, so that the $406,000 in revenue on the income statement is the correct amount.

The next issue is the inventory problem. The inventory account is currently showing $25,000, which was the result of a physical count. There was no adjusting entry to the inventory for the $45,500 that was added to and subsequently removed from revenue. The question appears to be implying, when it should be…

This can be defined at the system level of the consultancy's network architecture. Finally the firewall of the systems will be defined also through the definition of system parameters throughout the network operating system running the entire firm (Malecki, 2012). There will be little resistance to change for each of these implementations as they are designed to protect and streamline the work being completed in the firm. There will also be a clearer sense of accountability over data security once the Practice Leaders and senior consultants realize that if they accidentally lose their iPhone, iPad or laptop all data will be erased immediately, which forces them to be more vigilant how they uses these systems and also how they are backed up.

Impact of the egulatory Environment

As the proposed research and advisory firm is a private corporation, it does not need to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act as…

Business Description

The business created is an automated restaurant. Autodine Restaurant is a business venture that is expected to flourish and prosper in the forthcoming periods. This is an advanced business idea purposed to appeal to consumers within the market. The restaurant will provide meals and services similar to any 4-star hotel within the nation, and providing exclusive meals every Friday night. The general staffing plan is that human beings will cook the meals served within the restaurant. The rest of the work such as washing dishes, cleaning floors and serving of meals to the customers will be automated. The robots undertaking these services will be fully functional, being able to hear and understand different languages conveyed by consumers and being able to communicate in return (Cumming, 2012). In addition, the robots will be programmed to welcome the clients at the reception. This is meant to add to the appeal…

What revenue recognition accounting is required by the facts of each of the sale transactions reviewed by Soma Desai? Justify your conclusions.

The revenue recognition accounting method would be GAAP standards. The reason why, is because these transactions are not booked when the actual services were provided. Under SA 101, the company is going to be forced to comply with these standards. As result, the way the revenue is accounted for will have to be adjusted. A good example of this can be seen with XL Semi, where they would pay for 90% of services once they were delivered and the other 10% after acceptance. This is problematic because, it is booking the transaction over the course of time vs. when it was received. At which point, it makes complying with SA 101 more difficult and it could cause the company to have possible earnings shortfalls (based upon the way…

HSBC BNP

Comparative Analysis

HSBC: An Outlook

BNP Paribas: A Helicopter View

Comparison Between HSBC and BNP Paribas in the Banking Field

SWOT Analysis and the Bank's Operations in Middle East Especially in Dubai & Bahrain

PEST Analysis And the Bank's Operations in Middle East Especially in Dubai & Bahrain

External Analysis of HSBC and BNP

Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM)

Example of HSBC and BNP Around the World

Decisions

Quantitative Analysis

Customer Values Analysis

Value Chain Analysis of the Banks

The current corporate world and environment can be referred as the resolution of administration. Way backed in which bread-and-butter development depends entirely on accurate and automated inventions. However, in the avant-garde apple acceptable administration is all-important for able and able alive of organization, forth with abstruse advancement. Administration is all the added significant between the ambience of the enterprises of the business, neither a business can run on itself nor…

Toyota's Financial eporting: Contexts And ecommendations

Measurement Models and Conceptual Framework

The basic conceptual framework behind the IASB and the accounting standards and recommendations made by this group is very straightforward. The standards are meant to create greater transparency, accuracy, and efficacy in financial reporting, which itself has the goal of providing useful information about the reporting entity's capacity as a capital provider -- to investors, creditors, etc. (Walton, 2011; Ernst & Young, 2008). On more far-reaching level, the conceptual framework of the IASB and its issued standards is built on the premise that consistency in accounting leads to more effective decision making when it comes to capital, which leads to a more productive and efficient economy (Walton, 2011). There are many specific ways in which consistency and transparency are encouraged through various measurement models set in this framework.

evenue recognition is one specific area of accounting and financial reporting…

accounting standards and concepts violated by Ligand Pharmaceuticals, as well as the role of the PCAOB as a regulatory body.

Standards for Accounting of Sales Returns

The applicable standard includes FAS 48, which establishes standards for revenue recognition when the right of return exists. FAS 48, issued in 1981, specifies under what circumstances revenue is recognized on a sale in which a product may be returned. For a business that sells its products but gives buyers the right to return the product, FAS 48, paragraph 6, states that revenue from the sales transaction is recognized at the time of sale only if all of the six conditions specified in items a through f were met. One condition which proved a problem for Ligand was that "the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated (paragraph 8)" (FASB, 1981, p. 5).

Paragraph 6 further specifies that, in the event that all…

Auditing isk

Areas of Heightened Audit isk

Audit risk = Inherent risk x Control risk x Detection risk. Audit risk can be referred to as the probability that an audit team will give an outright and absolute judgment when the financial statements of an institution are in actual fact materially misstated. To start with, inherent risk is the possibility that material frauds and errors will get into the accounting system employed to cultivate and improve the financial statements. On the other hand, control risk is the possibility that the internal control system of a client or company is not able to prevent or detect material misstatements (Griffiths, 2005). Lastly, detection risk is the probability that an auditor's audit procedures will not able to detect material misstatements. Taking into consideration the financial statements and the management commentary in the annual report of Havelock Europa there are a number of areas of…

Accounting Principles were designed to be flexible in an ever-changing business environment. No two industries are exactly alike in regards to their operations, capital structure, or organization. Likewise, no two companies within the same industry are exactly alike with respect to their overall capital structure and product offering. Accounting principles must account for this disparity with flexibility in application. It is this flexibility however, that allows management to manipulate the financial figures provided to present a rosy scenario. This rosy scenario may or may not reflect economic reality. It is due to this earnings management, that many companies attempt to hide or otherwise obfuscate the truth regarding company performance. While reviewing the annual report of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital, it appears that management is using aggressive account to hide the overall truth within the operations of the company. Aspect such as inadequate reserving, loosening of credit terms, and dubious inventory accounting…

Accounting includes recording, summarizing, and reporting of the economic activities and events of an organization. It is pertinent in business decision-making and the management and control of operations. The financial statements reported by a company include the income statement, balance sheet, statement of retained earnings and statement of cash flows. Globally, there are two sets of accounting standards, the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In particular, the GAAP are more often than not employed in the United States whereas IFRS are more often than not employed in Europe and international expanses. IFRS are regarded as being more principles-based and U.S. GAAP as being more rules-based. The establishments responsible for setting the IFRS and GAAP are the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) respectively (Gaspar et al., 2016). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the difference between GAAP…

In the past, to finance acquisitions, the firm has mainly utilized "short-term debt and repaid such debt through the subsequent issuance of equity and long-term debt." The company has $11.5 million in variable rate debt which, if the interest rates increase, could cause an increased amount of cash to service the debt. With the company's current debt to equity ratio (mentioned in the financial analysis segment), and the current economic crisis, it may be difficult to raise the required capital to complete the acquisition.

Some concerns about the company's acquisitions are with stand-alone debt which increased to $14.5 million from $3.2 million, and they are counting with the sales of the some of these acquisitions assets to repay part of this debt. They are counting in their experience and ability to execute assets sales and drop -- downs to get meaningful cost saving as this is not the first time…

IASB

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) currently has three types of active projects on their agenda. These include an agenda consultation project, financial crisis related projects, and memorandum of understanding projects. The following is a summary of these current active projects, their timetables established for the achievement of milestones, as well as the conceptual frameworks involved in the projects.

The first type of project currently active on the agenda of the IASB is an agenda consultation project in which the IASB initiated a formal public agenda consultation for the first time in July 2011. This consultation was focused on the future work plan of the IASB, and was aimed at obtaining input from the public regarding the work plan and its direction and balance. The agenda consultation was conducted with broad public participation, including awareness through conferences in Europe, North America, and South America, in which small group meetings…

Adjusting entries are extra journal entries that are prepared prior to the preparation of financial statements. These journal entries are usually prepared to ensure that the financial records of a company stick to the matching principles and revenue recognition. In simple terms, these entries are made in order to convert the accounting records of a company to the accrual basis of accounting. Since these entries are made on the basis of the revenue recognition principle, the basically relate to accrued and unearned revenues. As compared to several other entries that are made during the accounting period, adjusting entries are based on reality instead of source documents. Given that adjusting entries are often made at the conclusion of every closing period, they can either be prepared monthly, quarterly or annually depending on the company's closing period.

Adjusting entries are necessary because normal journal entries are usually dependent on the actual transactions…

How should the $25 Referral Credit be recorded in Runway's income statement?

In accordance to ASC 605-50-45 Revenue Recognition, a cash consideration handed to a consumer by a vendor or retailer is deemed a decrease in the selling prices of the products or services retailed. This would imply that these cash considerations would be deemed as an expense and a decline in the revenue to be generated by the vendor. Nonetheless, the cash consideration can be deemed as an expense if it solely meets two requirements. First, the cash consideration has to give rise to an identifiable benefit that is separable from the purchase of the recipient, in the sense that the vendor could have achieved the benefit through a third party, and not the purchaser. Secondly, the value that is provided has to be reasonably approximated by the vendor (IAS Plus, 2016).

In this case, Runway does meet these…

1. How should the $25 Referral Credit be recorded in Runway's income statement?

In accordance to ASC 605-50-45 Revenue Recognition, a cash consideration handed to a consumer by a vendor or retailer is deemed a decrease in the selling prices of the products or services retailed. This would imply that these cash considerations would be deemed as an expense and a decline in the revenue to be generated by the vendor. Nonetheless, the cash consideration can be deemed as an expense if it solely meets two requirements. First, the cash consideration has to give rise to an identifiable benefit that is separable from the purchase of the recipient, in the sense that the vendor could have achieved the benefit through a third party, and not the purchaser. Secondly, the value that is provided has to be reasonably approximated by the vendor (IAS Plus, 2016).

In this case, Runway does meet…

oyal Dutch Shell PLC

A Brief ecent History of oyal Dutch Shell PLC

eason Behind Choosing

Information Gathering and Accounting Business techniques

esult, Analysis, Conclusion & ecommendations

SWOT Analysis of DSP

Porter's Five Forces Analysis of the Chosen Company

Financial Analysis of DSP

Finance is the name of allocating the funds at a place from where the likelihood of receiving a good return is bright (Bragg, S2006). Organization is basically referred to a place wherein hundreds of people work together just to achieve a specific goal (Cinnamon, & Larsen, B.2006). The goal may be of two fold, like the goal can be economical or can be non-economical. According to the organizational officials and analysts, investment decisions are always tough to take as far as an organization is concerned (Cinnamon, & Larsen, B.2006). The economic decisions include ad hoc research, analysis and lots of study as well. The essence of risk…

Controlling Costs

The question does offer some good ideas and thoughts to keep in mind when it comes to controlling costs. Indeed, having internal employees as opposed to external employees like contractors and the like that cannot be directly controlled in all aspects by the project management team is usually advantageous. However, these exterior employees and their associated costs can be controlled via an agreed price in advance that will not vary based on the acumen (or lack thereof) of the people working on the project unless something unforeseeable changes or is revealed. In that case, the costs are going to go up regardless of whether the costs are internal or external.

As it relates to electricity being a "hidden cost," it has to be expected that a construction project that uses any electricity from the site/client itself is going to cost money. As such, there should be an expected…

Nikes Income Sheet

The latest Nike 10-K covers the period ending 31st May 2016 (Nike, 2016). Looking specifically at the consolidated income statement, this is very short, and although there is a subcategory for gross profit. Nike, 2016). This is the two step format, as there is a breakdown of the categories, operating income is separated from non-operating income and there is a subcategory for gross profit, these indicate the two step process (PWC, 2016). However, in the consolidated income statement, the information is very limited. Looking though the accounts, the notes do provide more detail, such as Item 7 which provides details on sources of income and in come by type of sales, more details of lease and capital costs, while note 8 provides a more detailed breakdown of long-term debt (Nike, 2016),.

The income statement is meant to provide an accurate representation of the financial position of the…

The potential implications of international standards are illustrated by this example. There are two issues at play. The first issue is that comparability is poor here. Apple\\'s financial statements were produced according to US GAAP, which is by far the best standard for producing understandable financial statements. Samsung\\'s statements are produced using Korean IFRS. In terms of comparability, there are differences between how these two different methodologies arrive at some of these numbers. One of the major differences between GAAP and IFRS is with revenue recognition (IAS, 2018). Even with numbers that are seemingly consistent, such a top line revenue, the fact that they are compiled differently under the different systems makes it more challenging to compare companies like this.
The other issue is obvious from the times interest earned calculation. In the case of Apple, there isn\\'t one because Apple has a net gain from interest, because of its…

GAAP

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in Health Care

GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) in health care

Within the United States, all businesses that keep financial records must adhere to GAAP or generally accepted accounting principles, including both for-profit and not-for-profit healthcare entities. "GAAP is not a single accounting rule, but rather the aggregate of many rules on how to account for various transactions" (Kramer & Applebaum 2013). The first two principles of GAAP are that "financial records must be separately maintained for each economic entity" in a separate fashion and that "an economic entity's accounting records include only quantifiable transactions. Certain economic events that affect a company, such as hiring a new chief executive officer or introducing a new product, cannot be easily quantified in monetary units and, therefore, do not appear in the company's accounting records" (GAAP, 2013, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt). These details may be included as qualitative data…

hese preferences aside, American multinationals like PepsiCo and Procter & Gamble, are examining how a possible shift away from GAAP would affect their revenue recognition, taxation, and hedge accounting in the near and far future. In many cases, the overall, self-interested impression is positive as IFRS tend to make a company's returns look higher. But for smaller U.S. companies without an outreach abroad, the advantages of a switch to IFRS are less clear, as they have not been keeping two books all along like multinationals. More time-consuming (an estimated 18-24 months) headaches and paperwork as companies switch to IFRS seem likely -- and a tremendous financial drain is almost certain upon all organization's revenues during the period of transition. "Procter & Gamble hasn't pinned down an exact number, but expects a conversion project would cost tens of millions of dollars" (Johnson 2008, p. 2). European companies who have already switched…

International accounting - Evaluate research theories and methodologies to classify accounting systems internationally

The necessity of accounting standards is given by the fact that financial statements should describe financial performance in a fair and consistent manner. Lacking standards, users of financial statements would be required to master the accounting rules of each company, and any comparison between companies' performances would be almost impossible.

Accounting standards are essential to the healthy development of an international financial reporting structure. Around the world several accounting traditions have been developed as a response to the needs of users who are in need of the financial information. Some countries, for instance, chose to build the structure of accounting standards around the needs of private creditors, while other countries were more concerned with the needs of tax authorities or central planners. As a characteristic of the United States, the needs of participants in the capital markets…

unbeam Corporation's fraudulent accounting for its financial years 1996, 1997 and early 1998. The essay also reviews the historic audit failure that occurred, and discusses factors that contributed to the scandal and ways in which it might have been prevented.

unbeam, the consumer brand name that was to become well-known among generations of Americans, had its beginnings in 1893 when founders John K. tewart and Thomas J. Clark began manufacturing and selling a commercial horse clipping machine in Chicago. In 1897 the company was incorporated as the Chicago Flexible haft Company. When the company began manufacturing an electric iron named "The Princess," its first electric appliance, the product's introduction marked the beginning of the Electrical Appliance Division of today's Jarden Corporation (Jarden, 2011).

In the early years, the company's products, ranging from toasters to irons to mixers, were so successful that the company changed its name to the unbeam Corporation…

Each onion router removes a layer of encryption to uncover routing instructions, and sends the message to the next router where this is repeated. This prevents these intermediary nodes from knowing the origin, destination, and contents of the message.

1.4.

Lecture Survey.

The predicted solution of the problems related to e-government administration depends on answering the following questions as brainstorming ideas to solve the problem and the features provided by the system or application.

1. An important step for processing of e-Government.

2. To ensure the confidentiality of information such as contracts for military weapons and other by Providing a high level of security as it is based on singing the data by combining multiple key values like user id, date stamp and transaction id which produce an encrypted key utilized and used only internally by the system for authentication and validation of user privileges. This procedure would make it…

Improving the CM Suite of Software Applications at SAP

SAP AG (NYSE:SAP) is the worldwide leader in Enterprise esource Planning (EP) and one of the top companies globally in Customer elationship management (CM) software as well. While their dominance in EP is solid, with Gartner, a leading industry research firm reporting that SAP has 25% global market share today, it's global CM market share trails Salesforce.com who is the worldwide leader with 14% market share worldwide (SAP Investor elations, 2013). SAP is second globally with 12.9% market share. There are many factors contributing to SAP trailing Salesforce.com, the most significant being the slow response to the shift to cloud computing platforms in general, and migrating their CM applications onto a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) delivery model. Salesforce is the global leader in CM due to their rapid development of CM applications on the SaaS platform, greater responsiveness to their growing customer base,…

This experience also extends to partnerships throughout the industry, for example with major hotel chains and airline groups. Expedia is able to work with those companies to package off unused capacity in exchange for superior pricing and exclusive deals on attractive packages.

It must be considered that the combined effect of Expedia's experience, strong brand and high traffic, along with its ample financial might, enables the company to compete as a cost leader in the packaged vacation business, as well as operate a differentiated strategy. The Expedia website will be able to consistently offer very low prices, because it does substantial volume. The high traffic also allows the company to offer packages that other travel agents simply cannot offer. Expedia can gain exclusive deals, based on its partnerships within the industry, and these will be tough for most competitors to match.

In addition, Expedia's family of brands allows it to…

Enron could engage in their derivative trading strategy with no fear of government intervention because derivative trading was specifically exempted from government regulation. Due in part to a ruling by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission's (CFTC) chairwoman, Wendy Graham, derivatives remained free of regulatory oversight. Ms. Graham, wife of Texas senator Phil Graham, made this ruling 5 weeks before resigning as chairwoman of the CFTC and joining the Enron oard of Directors in 1993.

Derivative accounting is further complicated because there is no consistent way to fairly report their value and risk in a company's financial report. In 1998 Rule No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" was developed by the Financial Accounting Standards oard (FAS), an independent agency that sets guidelines for corporate auditors. Rule 133 contains more than 800 pages, which further complicates its adoption and consistent interpretation by various companies. SFAS No. 133 was subsequently…

Ethical and Legal obligations in financial reporting is extremely important in today's world, fraught as it is with corporate frauds and accounting scams and scandals of every other sort. One Company, the Thornburg Investment Company, has taken a firm stand on financial reporting within its company, wherein all concerned officials are expected to report accurately, any actual, as well as suspected violations and breaches in the laws and rules and regulations of the company, to the appropriate personnel, immediately. (Code of Business Conduct and Ethics) Another Company, the 'Trinity Capital Corporation' stresses the importance of adhering to the rules and regulations created by the Company so that the company's loyalty to its numerous shareholders may be apparent. Where financial reporting is concerned, all the employees of the firm are expected to comply with the generally accepted rules laid down by the accounting principles of the United States of America, so…

Budgets & Financial Plans

Provide the 10 main accounting principles and guidelines and describe each.

The ten accounting principles are described on the Accounting Coach website and are as follows:

Economic Entity Assumption -- This is the idea that a sole proprietor will keep personal and business transaction data and funds separate (Accounting Coach, 2015).

Monetary Unit Assumption -- This is the idea that all transactions recorded will be in U.S. dollars and that only transactions that CAN be reported as such will be done (Accounting Coach, 2015).

Time Period Assumption -- This is the principle that says that economic data will be defined based on specific time horizons such as a number of weeks, months, quarters and/or years (Accounting Coach, 2015).

Cost Principle -- This is the idea that there is a cash or cash equivalent that can and should be assigned to a given activity. For example, a…

Nike

In its 2016 Form 10-K, on page 106, Nike notes its policy with respect to depreciation as follows:

Depreciation is determined on a straight line basis for buildings and leasehold improvements over 2 to 40 years for machinery and equipment over 2 to 15 years.

Depreciation and amortization of assets used in manufacturing, warehousing, and product distribution are recorded in Cost of Sales. Depreciation and amortization of other assets are recorded in Operating Overhead Expense.

If Nike has incorrectly estimated the useful life, and the asset is impaired, it has a process for the impairment of such assets. The company would impair the asset on its remaining book value less the expected future cash flows from having the asset. If the asset is useful for longer than its book value, there is nothing that needs to be done. The purchase has been fully depreciated, so the asset has no…

One such exemplary resource is Epicor's recent guide, "Managing Today's Professional Services Organization: How to Improve Efficiency and Increase Profits" (2011). Although the guide contains some self-serving information concerning Epicor's own IT product line, the bulk of the guide is devoted to timely and informative insights concerning how IT can facilitate project delivery in professional services organizations. For instance, according to Epicor's guide:

Ultimately, a successful operational model demands higher-order tools such as resource, opportunity and knowledge management to achieve operational best practices. The reality facing most organizations, from small, specialized firms to the largest, most sophisticated multinational consulting agencies, is the same -- each faces significant challenges related to accurately and efficiently capturing time and expense, managing work-in-progress, generating and approving invoices, and reporting on project and client status. (Managing today's professional services organization, 2011, p. 1)

Given the wide array of enterprises that now fall under the umbrella…

Many companies go public so that they can expand and so that they can offer employees additional benefits. In addition Shepherd, et al. 2001 asserts that An initial public offering appears to offer the entrepreneurial company a number of benefits, including legitimacy with stakeholders, access to debt capital (Sutton & Benedetto, 1988), and a mechanism by which entrepreneurs can reacquire control from investors (Black & Gilson, 1998). For investors, an IPO represents an exit mechanism (Sutton & Benedetto, 1988). Sahlman (1990) documents that almost all of the returns on venture capital funds are earned on companies that go public. Bygrave and Timmons (1991, p. 159) note that "hot IPO markets are by far the most important cause of peaks in venture capital returns (Shepherd, et al. 2001)."

As it relates to IPO and the current market environment the main incentive is still raising funds to expand the company and solidify…

Financial Standards

eporting standards for financial transactions have been varied with regard to countries and companies across the globe for many years. This fact has made it difficult for transactions to be reported with any great degree of accuracy. This was especially true in Germany where there was no true German GAAP. What the rest of the world has considered the German GAAP, the GoB, was actually comprised of here say and opinion gleaned from many different sources. With the advent of the IASB that the European Union adopted in 2007, Germany has finally decided on a single standard with which to govern financial reporting. Large companies within the country, such as Deutsche Bank, have had to make adjustments to the new standards, but this does not seem to have caused a problem. Since the country has loosely used international standards for many years, the new IASB is not new…

5 times the actual value of equity.

The return on investment is calculated by dividing the total net profits by the total assets value and shows the "overall effectiveness to generate profits from total investment in assets." At the Colorado Group, the return on investment amounted to 20.4% in 2006 and 21.5% in 2005. The small decrease from 2005 to 2006 can be explained by the fact that that the net profits decreased significantly during this period of time and that the decrease of the total assets value was by no means similar in value.

The gross profit margin is calculated by dividing the net sales minus the cost of goods sold by the net sales value and shows the "profitability of a company's sales after the cost of sales has been deducted." In this case, in 2006 this ratio was equal to 54.4%, as compared to 55.9% in 2005.…

Healthcare Administration: Culture, Accounting, And Ethical Issues

Cultural Diversity

The causes of prejudice

Prejudice is described as the generalization of a group of people, based on negative attitudes that stem from stereotypes and non-factual beliefs. Although the reasons for prejudice may vary, Samovar, Porter and McDaniel (2009) explain three major motivations: societal pressures, social identities and scapegoating. Societal sources refer to rules and regulations that may be put in place in a given society to maintain one group's dominance over others. Social identities, on the other hand, are people's connection to their cultures and beliefs. Any groups that are deemed a threat to this connection are treated as enemies and are often at the receiving end of prejudice. Sometimes, different groups, such as gays and African-Americans are used as scapegoats to express anger and discontentment over various issues in society (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel, 2009). This allows one group to…

Under GAAP, reversal of an inventory writedown is not permitted. Under IFRS, reversal of an inventory writedown is permitted. If the writedown has been recognized in previous years, the reversal can be conducted through the income statement of the year in which the reversal occurs, not the year in which the initial writedown occurred (Lajara, 2008).

There are significant differences between cash accounting and accrual accounting. Cash accounting has transactions recorded in accordance with the timing of the cash flows. By contrast, the accrual method has transactions recorded in accordance with the timing of the transaction itself. The cash method is simple and easy to understand. However, it also can lead to significant distortions and that makes it unsuitable for financing reporting. For example, a massive sale at the end of the year would not be recorded if the payment for the sale was not received until the following year.…

One other new thing brought to the attention of companies by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is the fact that, under this law, every public company is supposed to prove strong internal systems designed to catch an employee intending to commit fraud or flag accounting errors before a company has the opportunity to make its profits official. An addendum to this rule is the obligation of a company knowing about problems with its control systems to disclose what it has uncovered. This obligation generated what an author called the "current flood of mea culpas."

As mentioned above, many companies have faced serious difficulties during the last few years. Companies conducting their activity in Silicon Valley, for instance, such as Versant, Portal Software and Sipex, have acknowledged that they have encountered problems such as not having experienced accounting staff, lacking checks and balances in the case of employees handling corporate cash and the…

IT Fraud

Evaluate the factors that add to corporate fraud

The business fraud can be credited to conditions emerging from deceptive monetary reporting and misappropriation of possessions. These conditions are 3 and all 3 features of the fraud triangle have to exist for fraud to take place. Management or staff members have to have the reward or pressure to dedicate fraud, see the opportunity emerge and have the ability to justify the occasion.

Incentive/Pressure

Management or perhaps others in the workforce will have benefits or conditions of pressure to carry out fraud. If the choice is made by management to publish illegal monetary statements, the most typical reason for this will be threat by financial, market or entity operating conditions to the monetary security and productivity of the business. Extreme pressure is put on management to satisfy the projection made by industry experts, internal company projections or to pay back…