The false cause fallacy commonly occurs in arguments for the efficacy of prayer, which suppose that because a certain desirable thing happened (or an undesirable thing did not happen) after someone prayed, then it necessarily means that their prayer caused (or prevented) thus event.
Sweeping Generalization
The fallacy of sweeping generalization is simply an application of inductive logic without a sufficiently large sample size, because it occurs when one makes a claim about something based on insufficient evidence. This is related to the biased sample fallacy, which occurs when someone makes a claim based on a biased set of evidence, but the sweeping generalization fallacy can occur with or without intentional bias.
Slippery Slope
The slippery slope fallacy occurs in an argument when someone proposes that something will necessarily follow from another in a sequence of events that culminates in a substantial effect born out of a small initial event, without providing adequate evidence to suggest that each step in the chain of causality is reasonable. The slippery slope argument occurs frequently...
This fallacy can take a number of different forms, although all of them depend upon an ambiguity of meaning, which can arise from actually distinct definitions or differences in literal and metaphorical meaning.
References
Aristotle. (2012). On sophistical refutations. New York: Kessinger Publishing.
Gula, R. (2007). Nonsense: Red herrings, straw men and sacred cows. Mount Jackson: Axios
Press.
Labossiere, M. (1995). Fallacies. Retrieved from http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/
