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If your data only needs to be classified into two areas, using a nominal scale is the easiest. There is no reason to get too complicated if all you need to know is if people are part of one organization or another.
Question 2 -- 150 words
The choice of which measurement tool to use when collecting data depends almost entirely on the intended use of the data. Several ways of measuring data -- measurement scales -- are available. Nominal scales measure classification only, where something fits into a category. Ordinal scales measure classification as well as ranking order, from either best to worst or lesser to greater value. Interval scales combine all of the above measurements but with the added feature of having the intervals between all of the choices be equal. A ratio measurement scale includes, again, all of the qualities of the previous scales plus a definitive natural origin. A percentage, for example, is a ratio measurement because the lowest possible percentage is 0% and all of the intervals between percentage points are equal....
To choose a measurement scale, first decide what you plan to do with the data and then decide what scale to use.
The primary measurement scales in data collection are nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. From first to last, they get more complex and allow the researcher to do more complicated mathematics with his or her data. Nominal data is useful if a researcher merely wants a simple description of something. Is the soda caffeinated or not? Is the respondent a senior citizen or not? Ordinal data classifies, like nominal data, but the survey-taker is also able to rank the responses. This allows the researcher to both classify the information and figure out which is best. Interval and ratio measurements are the most complicated. Interval scales are useful for figuring out averages and group tendencies. Ratios are good for hard and fast measurements and are very useful in business research and not so much in behavioral sciences. All of the measurement scales can be used in the same survey, depending on what the researcher is out to collect…
Measurement Scale The first decision with respect to measurement scale is whether the findings will be reported on a composite scale or a summated scale. A composite scale is probably the most appropriate for this study. A summated scale is commonly used in the social sciences, and can be used to reflect people's attitudes, emotions and feelings. There are four main characteristics of a summated scale. The first is that the
Measurement and Instruments for a Quantitative Research Plan: Human Trafficking For a study into human trafficking and how many people end up being trafficked every year, quantitative measurement is necessary. Qualitative methods could be used, but they would be better suited toward providing insight into the feelings of those who were trafficked, as opposed to the prevalence of the trafficking problem itself (Creswell, 2003; Given, 2008). Since there are several options
However, when the researcher is interested in giving a highlight of how the response patterns vary across the subgroups, then the scores can be treated as discrete choices thus allowing them to be ordinal values Miller & Salkind, 2002. In this case the intervals between the positions on the scale are monotonic but not well defined to make them numerically uniform increments thus making the likert scale have ordinal properties
However, due to the lack of a pre-test procedure, it is impossible to assess whether the treatment had any effect in the sample at all. In the one group pretest posttest study the variable under study is measured among the sample prior to the treatment, to get the baseline figures, and then measured again among the same sample after the treatment to be compared with the baseline figures. Nevertheless,
Question 1 If Mary wants to study the impact of background noise level on sixth grader learning in a math lesson, the independent variable is the background noise condition. Mary has decided to use a t-test, which means that she will only have two conditions that differ from one another (“T Test (Student’s T-Test),” n.d.). In this case, the experimental condition would be high background noise (measured by decibel level perhaps),
ELLs to Learn Kinematics: A Phenomenological Assessment This study aims to discover the effective methods of teaching English language learners (ELLs) the basics of kinematics in an introductory course to physics. The students chosen from a selective sample had no incoming knowledge of kinematics and their language skills were limited. The teacher utilized three different methods and tested them in a phenomenological manner, using qualitative and quantitative data to analyze