63-64). Hestetun correctly cautions against a generalized perception in which "the literatures of settler populations are put into the same category as the literatures of colonized peoples" (cited in Shands, 2008, p. 9). The arrival of Europeans in Indian territory was one of such features which had started since the reign of Mughal emperor Jehangir. Yet, the greatest influence on Indian literature remains the British domination -- starting with the east India Company- which lasted for about 200 years, and was characterized by cruel rulership. Indian literature was irreversibly altered by these influences- either the company or the British Empire. Regions within India were converted to provinces, and presidency administrations were established in the foremost port cities. The whole administrative system was restructured, slowly but significantly affecting the masses and the elite alike (Sharma, p. 63).
India's cultural uniqueness, evidenced in her moral systems and beliefs, were totally crushed by English supremacy and domination. Attempts to preserve this uniqueness and revolt the foreign supremacy was a hallmark of regional Indian Literature, and seen as a social responsibility for any Indian author. A benevolent perception of cultural influence on Indian literature was held generally; some writers made efforts to support nationalists, while others spearheaded the depiction of Englishmen as vicious. At any rate, Indian literature was enormously impacted from each and every outlook of its progress (Sharma, pp. 63-64).
The arrival, permeation and acceptance of the English language as the primary and foremost manner of communication was yet another trail blazing aspect; initially for the elite and their associates, then subsequently for the common people; the masses. The 'benevolent' Englishmen who put the onus on themselves and took up the responsibility of dispensing justice to the natives had plans to establish an exceptional image in the minds of the local populace by placing English literature and English language in the knowledge and consciousness of each and every Indian citizen. English language therefore stands as one of the most significant factors influencing the Indian literature. Indian literature was so severely under the colonial influence that it had become a familiar and trivial issue for both the Indians who were being ruled, and the Britons who ruled them; neither of them saw it as anything strange. It had become quite evident that if India were ever to become one of the colonies of the British Empire, any kind of literary creation from Indian nationals would be eternally and indelibly influenced by the colonial masters, either done in English or any local Indian languages. A vague distinction was however still retained in these' colonial master-colonized people's relationships; consistent efforts were being made by the Indians to get rid of their colonial masters. This aim was eventually achieved in the year 1947 when India gained independence following 200 years of servitude, oppression, and being dominated (Sharma, p. 64).
Following the division of India, and the accompanying gloom, obscurity and darkness, which enormously affected every contemporary Indian of the time, was quite evidently reflected in the appellation 'Indian diaspora' with the agglomeration of writers and authors who belonged to this niche. These form the basic and fundamental bedrock of postcolonial influences on Indian literature, including the intermittent regional literature produced in the 21st century. At the cradle of Indian literature, there still exist- in a very intact form- the conceptual notions of helpless anxiety, restlessly angry young men, and the veiled attributes of autonomous, uniquely Indian human psychology, these have however been channelled in new directions based on the slow advent of globalization and its impact on Indian literature (Sharma, p. 64).
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