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1. Freud’s five stages of psychosocial development include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Although Freud did not test his theories empirically, on a conceptual level, these five stages do make some sense. Progression through the five stages is impeded when a person becomes fixated, their libido or drive directed towards self-fulfillment. Tension between what the id wants (especially instant gratification of any desire), and what the superego believes it should have creates neuroses, according to Freud. The ego is positioned like a mediator between the id’s desires and the superego’s restrictions and rules, creating a sense of self based on how one chooses to act upon or suppress desire.While I believe all of these stages have relevance to all people, some people are impacted by the stages differently. Common lore in psychoanalysis is that oral fixations can lead to oral habits in adults, such as overeating or smoking. Likewise, a person who was anally fixated might retain some anal fixations in adulthood. The adult remains in the genital stage throughout life, postulated Freud, continually driven by sexual urges (McLeod, 2008). I believe that all of these stages can impact sexual identity, too. For example, many people continue masturbating as adults even when they...
On the contrary, some people progress through what Freud would have considered typical heterosexual and hetero-normative sexual development in the genital stage.
Because Freud seemed biased towards hetero-normativity, and androcentric in his overall approach to psychoanalysis, I do not agree with his view of gender identity and development. Gender is socially constructed. Any person whose gender identity is not normative simply does not conform to social norms; we need to stop framing different gender identities as a problem.
2. Freud tried to show that problems in one of the psychosexual stages could result in dysfunctional behavior later in life. In many cases, this does seem to be true; childhood experiences do leave lingering memories with deeply rooted emotions attached to them. Therefore, the Freudian theory of psychosexual development can be applied to a contemporary society. The post-modern worldview allows for a considerable degree of nuance in the way Freud’s theories are interpreted and applied to each person.
In fact, contemporary researchers have revisited and revised Freud’s theories to synchronize them with postmodern sensibilities and social norms. Tauber (2012), for…
1. The basic structure of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic theory revolve around the idea that mental processes are automatically regulated by "the pleasure principle" and avoidance of pain. Why are these principles important to psychotherapy? Support your reasoning. The tendency to avoid pain and seek pleasure is universal to humanity, noted Freud, who devised the term “the pleasure principle,” (“Pleasure Principle,” 2015). The pleasure principle became one of the central ideas and
Psychoanalysis and Literature Narrative and Psychoanalytic Approaches to Mother Daughter Relationships in Literature There are several different types of narrative forms utilized by authors in texts and short stories to describe mother daughter relationships. Traditional forms include personal experience narratives where characters are traditionally well defined with personalities and unique identities. The extent to which modern authors have employed narrative techniques to create true to life characters has been well researched throughout history.
Erikson believed that having faith in others is key at this developmental stage. During this stage, the adolescent and/or young adult continually attempts to make the different aspects of oneself congruent (Friedman & Schustack, 2006). A person who successfully negotiates this stage has a clear understanding of who they are and all of the many facets of their personality. This person will have a clear identity and sense of
Human Memory Psychology This literature review upon human memory will cover a fairly wide spectrum of ideas regarding the subject. While there will be a number of connections among the divisions or categories of this literature review, there will certainly be several distinctions or differences among them. The psychological research a part of the review will span, roughly, the duration of the 21st century thus far, with a few sources of
Effects of TraumaPart 1a. Discuss the tools and techniques of psychoanalysis you believe the author may have used to worked with the client and arrive at his conclusions.The patient chosen is Rebecca. The techniques of psychoanalysis used to work with Rebecca are free association and dream analysis. Free association allowed the author to uncover more information from Rebecca. When she first enters the room, Rebecca places her coat and sits
" This madness likely leads to Ophelia's suicide but, consistent with the entire theme of this play, the exact nature of Ophelia's demise is left to speculation. The fascination with Hamlet is uncanny. What provides this fascination is the fact that there is always more to what is going on in the play than what actually appears to be. Observers of the play are left with an overwhelming feeling that they