Risk, Return and Their Evaluation Risk & Performance Indicators Since this is a small business, therefore raising equity capital through public stock issue is less likely than debt or whatever form of paper issued to angel or venture investors. Therefore while a larger, publicly traded firm would consider the return on equity version of the short form DuPont equation, a small, more closely-held concern would focus on return on assets (ROA). If

Risk Management Financial derivatives are an innovation in the field of finance that enable us to understand, measure and manage our financial risks. The definition of financial derivative according to the textbooks is of a financial instrument, and the value of any financial derivative is based on the value or values of the underlying securities or groups of securities that constitute the derivative. It can be said that there have been

Risk Management [1] If you believe a stock will appreciate and want to risk little to speculate that the stock will rise what are your option? Holding a call option is fairly low risk because it would allow me to buy future stocks at a current price. An increase in stock value would limit my losses and allow me to profit by means of leveraged speculation. As a holder exercising a call

Investments are the assets or items purchased with the anticipation to generate the income in the future. In the economic sense, investments refer to the goods and services purchased and not consumed today for the purpose of generating wealth in the future. Similarly, going to a university or building a factory to produce goods and services are the examples of investments. Within a financial environment, investors purchase assets with the

risk and return for an investment portfolio that includes five asset categories: stocks, bonds, mutual funds, options, and precious metals. The purpose of diversified portfolio investment is to maximize portfolio expected return for a given level of risk, or to minimize risk for a specific level of expected return. This paper reviews mathematical formulae for modeling risk and return which provide a rationale for investment strategies and portfolio management.

Flat Tax over the Current Tax Policy The focus of this paper is to demonstrate effectiveness of flat tax over the current tax rate. Presently, the U.S. government employs progressively tax law as the current tax policy. Under the current tax policy, the government increases taxes with increase in income. Analysis of the current tax policy reveals that the tax system is very complicated to understand because corporate organizations face multiple