Security Public or Private Good Analysis Using Commercial Satellite

Security Public or Private

Critical Analysis of article "Security:Public or Private Good-Analysis using commercial satellite"

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Critical Analysis of article "Security: Public or Private Good-Analysis using commercial satellite"

Issue been Addressed

The article "Security: Public or Private Good-Analysis using commercial satellite" addresses the issue of security and how with the emergence of commercial satellite the security has become a private as well as public good. The author is of the view that security in past has been a public good and it was sole responsibility of government but now it has become a common responsibility of government, private or a club where different parties become partners with government and this partnership has implications for market.

Introduction

The introduction of the article is well established. The author introduced the research topic by first defining security and then highlighting how the definition of security has changed as compared to past concept security as "military focus and state vs. state." This notion changed by 1980s from military to non-military issues.

The author described the objective of the study by stating that using public goods theory the issue of security has been discussed by using case of commercial satellite.

Public Goods Theory

In this section the author has conducted debate on what can be a public good and what a private good is and explained it using public goods theory. The author has discussed the notion that it is difficult to separately identify public and private goods as "All goods are more or less private or public" (p.7). Based on this the author concluded that security cannot be put into one specific category. Following the discussion on publicans and privateers of security the author described the main question of the article as should the satellite be compromised and communications is interrupted, the U.S. government or emergency preparedness may be impacted along with the satellite owner-operators?

Baldwin's Seven Questions

In this section the author discussed the issue of security and commercial networks from the perspective of seven questions developed by Baldwin. These seven questions are;

Security for Whom

The author has supported his concept of merging security as both public and private responsibility with the argument that basically the security is for the private company itself but services like voice, data, bandwidth and video services are also being provided for government operations. These also include the "communications used for military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq" (p.9). Thus the question of who covers private companies, government and other countries that are benefiting from commercial networks. The author thus proved that "at any moment in time, security has characteristics of both private and club goods." (p. 10)

Security of which Values

Here the author discusses the point for different stakeholders' security has different values and preference level. Companies providing commercial networks and satellite services do this for profit so security may not be the priority for them. Also infrastructure and financial assets are the on-orbit sources, company can prefer one on the other. So the provision of security can be different depending on the values company places.

How much security?

Here again the author discusses the state or government can demand higher or lower level of security with no demand of profit from it while company can respond to by either metering up or down the security measurement taken to this demand

From what threats?

Historically on state level there have been security concerns and security threats. Government is concerned about border security and intern atonal state of piece. At present governments is facing diverse type of threats including terrorisms threats which cannot be pre-determined. Private companies have been making efforts to coincide with all type of threats. While it is not possible to plan for every threat there should be focus on the viability of assets for future use.

In this section the author discusses that security is measured from the perspective of risk and threats. If taking security from a private good, measurements at private level such as insurance can be taken. "Private firms purchase security in response to threats as a way to recover losses from launch failures, on-orbit failures, or disasters" (p. 12)

At what cost?

Security always needs a cost which may be sacrifice of other goals. The firms providing commercial networks focus on orbit protection just like physical infrastructure is protected. To make the networks secure member have to pay a fee to join SDA network which in return will provide security to their network in the orbit.

In what time period?

Here again different type of security involve different time period. For example terrorism threats involve less time period and they need protection of infrastructure and personnel. While natural disaster do not usually have exact time period thus there is usually very little prior warning for private companies. "Satellites can be in space and operational for decades, but the firms need to consider losses and plan for replenishment -- not only for cyclical replacement, but catastrophic failures, as well" (p. 13)