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.....individual's level of sexual identity development relates to their level of job satisfaction depends on numerous variables -- such as the confidence with which one identifies their sexuality, the degree to which that identity is accepted among peers, and the extent to which that identity places one as a minority. As the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board (n.d.) indicates, "Minorities also tend to be at a disadvantage in terms of job rewards, which no doubt has an impact on their job satisfaction as well as career advancement in the long run" (p. 62). The issue therefore is one of whether the individual's sexual identity is a cause of tension or stress both for the individual and for colleagues. To the extent that it is an issue, the individual's job satisfaction is likely to be comparably impacted.The functions of heterosexual privilege are 1) to enable heterosexuals to maintain a high degree of authority and command, and 2) to undermine the notion of equality between heterosexuals and homosexuals. Some examples of heterosexual privilege in an employment setting may be: 1) the way in which heterosexuals can indulge in lewd or sexually inappropriate conversation with one another, whereas if a homosexual behaved similarly he or she would be labeled as a pervert or with some other such negative label that...
From this power base, promotions are granted to heterosexuals before they are granted to homosexuals because of a signal of alpha maleness that they give. In other words, the privilege is extended because their way of life is more respected by the workplace culture.
3. Whether it is important for a lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender employee to "come out" at work depends upon the aims of the workplace culture and of the individual. A workplace culture that does not promote "coming out" may produce negative effects on an individual who "comes out" -- which would typically cause an individual to want to not come out. However, if it is socially accepted and the individual wants to be honest with his or her co-workers, "coming out" may be viewed as important. It depends upon the circumstance, the context, and what is gained by it. An individual who wants to obtain a promotion may feel it better to hide his or her sexuality for fear of being passed over. On the other hand, another individual might feel that no promotion is worth that kind of fear or stigmatizing and may feel it more important to…
In addition, the researcher note that the relatively small sample size in their study did not allow separate genetic analyses for males and females (Coolidge et al.). Environmentalism (social influence). A recent study by Wallien and Cohen-Kettenis (2008) analyzed psychosexual outcomes of gender-dysphoric children at 16 years and older to determine childhood characteristics related to psychosexual outcomes based on various social influences that may be experienced during the timeframes studied.
439). However, Johnson (n.d.) offers an optimistic view showing how patriarchy may be dismantled even in systems in which it appears to be pervasive, such as the military. In "Unraveling the Gender Knot," Johnson (n.d.) points out that it is a myth that gender disparity is inevitable and immutable. In fact, social systems are malleable and changeable. Change begins with "awareness and training about issues of privilege," according to Johnson
Gender Messages Gender roles are the behaviors and traits and expectations that are linked to women and men through socialization, according to Janice Lee and Amie Ashcraft (2005). In fact gender roles define what it means to be a feminine or masculine person. During one's lifetime there is an enormous amount of social pressure to "conform to these gender roles" (Lee, 2005). This paper examines the gender roles learned from family,
Gender as a Role The first stage of analysis as to whether gender plays a role in society and to what degree it does so begins with the classification and distinguishing of the terms "sex," "sexual category," and finally "gender." One may be in a sex category even if the sexual characteristics are lacking. Gender activities are thus a furthering of and derived from "sexual categories." Therefore, the emphasis is not
Reasons to hear victim experiences. The victims of rape have a right to be heard, and it is not only healthy for their psychological composure, but also for the community to know what menace this is and face it. There are several reasons why the rape victims should be heard, here are some: A. May inspire others to speak out; this way more of the victims will get the confidence to speak
.....social injustice and inequality. First, literature related to the fundamentals of discrimination and descriptions of gender discrimination are discussed in the literature. Following a detailed discussion of what the literature says about gender discrimination, the literature review shifts toward the quantifiable effects of gender discrimination in the workplace. Effects are examined both in terms of measurable effects on organizations and individuals. Fundamentals of Discrimination Discrimination is unfortunately pervasive in the workplace. Described