¶ … setting, definition Sample/Setting Conclusions (Appraisal)

Level of Evidence

(Flagg, 2015)

Implementing patient-focused healthcare within settings burdened by the combined challenges of scarce support systems, huge patient loads and constantly-growing patient care responsibilities, especially chronically ill patients

A healthcare organization with nursing staff on twelve-hour schedules

Characteristics: Number of patients individual nursing professionals have to cater to, which ranges between 3 and 5.

Catheter care, blood extractions, surgical schedules planned, antibiotic drugs' presence in the hospital inventory, patients' medicine/treatment plans

Necessity of bedside reporting, patient satisfaction and all-inclusive care framework

A case study technique implies researchers cannot undertake a broad-scale research using the sample. Outcomes might be case-specific and non-generalizable.

This article contributes to clarifying nursing role by employing numerous kinds of patient-focused care elements for improving care quality safely and manageably.

Level 4.d -- Descriptive Observational Studies -- Case Study

(Fawaz, Williams, Myers, Jones, & Logsdon, 2015)

Assessing the efficacy of a combined intervention entailing script-based interaction, hourly rounding and whiteboard use associated with pain management and satisfaction of patients with pain management efforts of nursing staff

Design: quasi-experimental, retrospective, post-test -- pre-test design.

Setting: Wards of a South US educational health science institution's hospital which offer care services to patients with various surgical-medical diagnoses

Pain-related communication, hourly rounding, script-based provider-patient interaction, and whiteboard utilization intervention

Nursing staff deemed whiteboard utilization and script-based interaction to be appropriate approaches.

Achieving the positive impacts of this communication intervention might take time.

When nursing staff employed open, continuous communication with pain patients, with time, a positive impact was observed on the element of satisfaction of patients with their pain management. The simple intervention proved to be successful and replicable in various healthcare facilities.

Level 2.d -- Quasi-experimental study design - -- Post-test, pre-test or retrospective/historic control group research

(Martin, 2015)

Employing a pain-care toolkit to ascertain whether or not it facilitates improvement in patients' pain care perceptions

Design: Hospital units

Setting: Healthcare organizations that have adopted the value-based buying/purchasing (VBP) concept

Improvement or lack thereof in patients' perceptions regarding their pain care.

Thanks to the VBP Program, healthcare organizations can now be reimbursed for superior care delivery; this entails patients' opinion of care provided, as gauged by the HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) that covers patient experiences with their pain care.

NA

By applying a toolkit for enhancing patient care quality, their views with regard to their pain care may improve, thereby enhancing the likelihood of maximum VBP reimbursement.

Level 2.a - Quasi-experimental Study Designs -- A systematic analysis of quasi-experimental researches

(Martin L. K., 2016)

Executing/maintaining processes for improving patient views of the quality of their pain care through the implementation of a quality-of-pain-care toolkit within care standards in case of 3 inpatient nurse units.

Design: Implementation of quality-of-pain-care toolkit

Setting: A community hospital with a capacity of housing 110 inpatients simultaneously, belonging to a major multi-center health care system

Communication, pain scales, whiteboards, patient education, non-pharmacologic approaches (ice/heat, distractions, positioning...

Information points after intervention are very scare and cannot support trends in enhanced quality of patient pain care
Constant supervision of compliance with toolkit use and measures of quality of pain care is necessary for driving and maintaining process improvements.

Level 3.b -- Analytic, Observational Study Designs -- A systematic analysis of analogous study designs such as cohort designs

(Huang, 2016)

Successful pain management represents a widespread and insistent requirement in the current healthcare arena. Pain, if left untreated, has the potential to severely affect QOL (quality of life) of patients and cause adverse psychological and clinical effects

Design: A pilot project with patients as partners

Setting: UPMC-Passavant hospital

Factors associated with patient pain management -- institutional/human factors, visual signs, pain cards, reduced dose, pain hotline and rebalancing of nurse assignments

Healthcare organizations must necessarily regard pain management to be crucial to patient satisfaction. This pilot project proved the efficacy of multiple quality initiatives

Patients' hospital experience perceptions may be impacted by elements such as sound patient-provider communication, clinical result, responsiveness, consideration, etc. Hence, scoring immeasurable events may complicate attempts at coming up with the appropriate treatment.

Pain drives people to seek expert help as well as allows healthcare professionals enhance care efficacy and quality. Pain management ought to be made a nationwide priority.

Level 2.a -- A systematic quasi-experimental research work analysis

(Dempsey, Wojciechowski, McConville, & Drain, 2014)

Appraising nurse managers' contribution to patient care

Design: A connected, understanding healthcare framework

Setting: Determining approaches to meet the challenging tasks of interacting with pain patients and decreasing their pain

Functional, clinical, behavioural and cultural components linked to patient care for targeting patient requirements depending on their condition

Nurse managers are in charge of facilitating direct-care nursing staff's connection with patients for enhancing their care experiences. Compassionate linking to patients for alleviating their inherent pain and avoiding unnecessary pain is vital to achieving patient experience improvements

Nurses express more understanding and kindness towards patients, while nurse managers are in a better position to engage their subordinates at inpatient bedsides.

Level 2.a -- A systematic quasi-experimental research work analysis

(Maben, Griffiths, & Penfold, 2015)

Examining single-room patient unit staff's experiences. This is chiefly founded on comprehensive midwives and nurse interview analyses in 4 case study units, conducted roughly 12 months following hospital establishment.

Design: Researcher observations and interviews of allied health professionals, nurse leaders and medical staff.

Setting: Open-plan unit personnel appreciated their auditory and visual closeness to their charges and coworkers

Room check quality, patient monitoring and surveillance, patient interactions, direct communication and avoiding patient falls

Hospital unit and patient room designs fulfilled several personnel expectations for a better work climate and facilitated effectual, successful care delivery.

Personnel voiced concerns that levels of new-unit staffing didn't always suffice when it came to delivery successful, safe healthcare.

Personnel devised novel work approaches and care processes including patient supervision, decentralized nurse teams,…