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Question 1
If Mary wants to study the impact of background noise level on sixth grader learning in a math lesson, the independent variable is the background noise condition. Mary has decided to use a t-test, which means that she will only have two conditions that differ from one another (“T Test (Student’s T-Test),” n.d.). In this case, the experimental condition would be high background noise (measured by decibel level perhaps), and the control condition would be low background noise (also measured by decibel level).
The independent variable in this experiment would be learning in a mathematics lesson. Learning can be assessed using a number of different instruments appropriate to the specific lesson, with a simple quantifiable quiz the most appropriate. A quiz that had absolute right or wrong answers, whether by solving a math problem or answering multiple choice questions, would help to standardize the results and minimize bias. Mary would have to choose a lesson that was age-appropriate, and administer exactly the same lesson to all students. Likewise, all students would have to take exactly the same math assessment. The results of the math assessment for each group would be the dependent variable. Each participant would have one score: either by averaging all the answers in a multi-item quiz or by computing the...
Internal validity would be stronger in a multi-item quiz. A continuous scale of measurement could be used, but is not necessary in this case because there is no need to divide the numerical data into infinitely small incremental units (“Scales of Measurement,” n.d.). Mary will be working with ordinal scales of measurement if she uses a math quiz with multiple-choice questions. However, Mary could choose to use a continuous scale of measurement when computing the average score for each student’s test.
Experimental Research Methods in Business Experimental Research Methods The author provides a survey of the literature illustrating applied experimental research methods in cross-sections of business and organization types. The advantages and disadvantages of the experimental research methods are discussed for each of the examples provided which run the gamut from depression-era agricultural economics to research conducted for the National Science Institute. While the article focuses on business research methods, the range of
Experimental Research An experiment is a form of quantitative research that tests causal relationships. The researcher manipulates and controls the conditions under which individuals are observed to behave. Experimental research starts with a hypothesis and then modifies something in a particular relationship. The researcher has control over the environment, variables and individuals under study. At the end of the experiment, the outcome is compared with the situation before the modification. An
scientific studies involve the use of quantitative research designs whose experiments are sometimes described as true science. In this case, the research designs employ the use of conventional mathematical and statistical procedures for measurement of conclusive results. Experimental designs used in quantitative research methods involves examining various aspects that are important in a study including F-ratio, analysis of variance, significant effects, and determining probabilistic equivalence. Generally, experimental designs in
Experimental Study Design and Intention to Treat Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) association with HIV Infection in Gay Men The population for this research will comprise of persons enrolled in one out of five CPCRA (Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS) studies at sixteen CPCRA facilities across America. The five researches will take the form of four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for antiretroviral (ARV) therapy strategies and one natural history analysis of
Both qualitative and quantitative research methods have the potential to yield reliable, valid, and important information that can be used to inform public policy. Criminal justice researchers use a wide range of research methods, which vary depending on the research questions, the purpose of the study (applied versus pure research) and the overall paradigm and theoretical framework. Research can be used to validate or disprove an existing theory, alter or
motivation to learn, followed by an educated and informed research question. After the research question has been narrowed down, the researcher conceptualizes how the question may be answered feasibly, within the constraints of time and budget. Such constraints can help guide the research questions into a workable hypothesis that is testable, as well as being relevant and meaningful to healthcare stakeholders. From here, the researcher can glean a cogent