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Experimental Study Design and Intention to Treat
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) association with HIV Infection in Gay Men
The population for this research will comprise of persons enrolled in one out of five CPCRA (Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS) studies at sixteen CPCRA facilities across America. The five researches will take the form of four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for antiretroviral (ARV) therapy strategies and one natural history analysis of ARV treatment-naive patients. During enrolment in the study, researchers will determine every participant's HCV serostatus. Past positive results for HCV antibody test will also be accepted. HCV serological examinations will be locally conducted at baseline in case of patients without recorded HCV antibody test results or those showing negative HCV antibody results from eleven years prior to randomization. The baseline characteristics outlined include ethnicity, gender, age, plasma HIV viral load, history of IDU (injection drug use), CD4+ count, ARV therapy status (experienced or naive), and history of sexual contact with persons of the same sex. Multivariate and univariate logistic regression will be conducted for identifying baseline covariates linked to HCV infection prevalence at baseline (Bradshaw, Matthews & Danta, 2013; Schmidt et al., 2014).
Specific Advantages of Randomization Study
In RCTs,...
Control groups receive no or usual treatment; the measure of their outcome, or deviation of measure from baseline (i.e. starting point), is compared to intervention group outcome measure (Gupta, 2011). The practice of randomization ensures the absence of systematic differences in unknown and known factors capable of affecting outcome, among intervention groups. A blinding design guarantees the inability of preconceived investigator and subject views to systematically bias outcome assessment. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis has random allocation benefits, which might be lost if subjects were excluded from the analysis by means of, say, withdrawal or a need to make changes to intervention, owing to unforeseen circumstances.
Bias minimization is one aim of randomized studies. Allocation bias is said to occur when a difference arises between measured and true effect of treatment, due to control or intervention group participant selection methods. In RCT, after subjects are enrolled into a research, they are randomized to either of two groups: control or intervention. Randomization ensures characteristics, which may impact the link between outcome measures and the intervention, are almost equal across different study arms, thereby minimizing…
References
Abraha, I. & Montedori, A. (2010). Modified intention to treat reporting in randomized controlled trials: Systematic review. BMJ. 340:c2697.
Bradshaw, D., Matthews, G. & Danta, M. (2013). Sexually transmitted hepatitis C infection: the new epidemic in MSM? Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 26(1):66-72.
Gupta, S. K. (2011). Intention-to-treat concept: A review. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 2(3), 109-112. doi. 10.4103/2229-3485.83221
Schmidt, A.J., Falcato, L., Zahno, B., et al. (2014). Prevalence of hepatitis C in a Swiss sample of men who have sex with men: whom to screen for HCV infection? BMC Public Health. 14:3.
……Pre-diabetes and Diabetes Early Awareness Education and Its Effects on BMISubmitted by:Nancy L. Gee Comment by Pamela Love: Looks like an interesting project, Nancy.Very good start! Be sure whenever you submit your manuscript that you change wording from �study� to �project� and avoid referring to the project as research. Review carefully for grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, format, or APA errors. Pay close attention to the reviewer�s comments as you continue
Pedagogic Model for Teaching of Technology to Special Education Students Almost thirty years ago, the American federal government passed an act mandating the availability of a free and appropriate public education for all handicapped children. In 1990, this act was updated and reformed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which itself was reformed in 1997. At each step, the goal was to make education more equitable and more accessible to
Eveland's research design is quasi-experimental. The sample populations for the experiment are not randomly selected. There is structure to the experiment with more than one form of measurement during the research process. Quasi-experimental design includes multiple groups and multiple waves of measurement. While there were not a significant number of groups in the experiment, there was more than one. At more than one point in the experiment, measurements were
Self-Efficacy: A Definition Social Cognitive Theory Triangulation Data analysis Teacher Self-Efficacy Problems for the researcher Data Analysis and Related Literature review. Baseline Group Gender Deviation Age Deviation Comparison of data with other literature in the field. Everyday Integration Efficacy, Self-esteem, Confidence and Experience Barriers to use Integration paradigm. Co-oping and Project design. Organizational Climate Teacher Integration Education. Meta-evaluation of data and related literature. Data Analysis and Comparison Recommendation for Further Research Data Review Report Teacher efficacy in the classroom is facilitated by a number of different factors for different professions. However,
The procedure itself and the hospital stay associated with it is only one small chapter in the patient's life. They will eventually go home and will have many years after the procedure. It is important for the nursing staff to make a positive impact on how they feel about the procedure. The procedure will represent a lasting memory to the patient. If the patient perceives this to be a
Spotlighting Samplings 4 Qualitative Research Research Choices 6 the Phenomenology Method The Ethnography Method DEPTH Four Qualitative Approach Comparison Strengths and Critiques of Case Studies "A research design indicates the full research process from conceptualization of the research problem, generation of data, analysis and interpretation of findings, and dissemination of results" (Magilvy & Thomas, 2009, What and Why… Section, ¶ 4). The Question of Interest What type of research design should the researcher use? To answer the study's critical research