Systems Theory in Nurse Leadership: Problem Solving & Decisions

Introduction to Systems Theory in Nursing

Systems theory is useful when approaching complex problems. Most of us use a systems approach to problem solving, although it is rarely labeled as such. Systems theory is quite logical and compatible with our experience; however, it can be neither proven nor disproved by the traditional scientific method. A system contains a structure of organized components of similar or different types.

In regards to nurse leaders' problem-solving skills, these components must be carefully considered. In many instances, leaders must examine differing facets of a particular problem — information that may fall outside their direct circle of competence. As such, the nurse leader must use systems theory to acquire the needed information and skills and draw correct conclusions regarding the problem. No system exists in isolation; therefore, many components will interact when the nurse is applying systems theory to solve problems.

Open Systems and the Patient Experience

Legislation has had a profound impact on the healthcare industry. Due to the Affordable Care Act of 2010, the nursing profession is undergoing a fundamental shift with regard to the patient experience. The U.S. healthcare system is now shifting its focus from acute and specialty care to primary care, which requires a corresponding shift in business operations. Additionally, due primarily to the aging of the baby boomer generation, the demand for primary care overall is growing and will be needed heavily in the future.

One problem that frequently occurs in a closed system is a diminished overall customer experience. Through the use of an open system, the customer experience is greatly enhanced. Open systems are characterized by their ability to continuously interact with the environment and their surroundings. This is of particular importance in the context of nursing, as the environment can be altered dramatically (Lucia, 2009). As such, leaders must be able to adjust and reestablish themselves within a changing environment.

Issues such as timely service, emergency operations, theft, terrorist threats, and vandalism all occur within a hospital setting. Through the use of open systems, leaders can address these issues in a prompt manner that provides the best possible service for patients. Through the mutual and constant exchange of information, best practices can also be seamlessly integrated throughout the organization. This is a significant benefit over a closed system, which does not enhance the overall amount of information exchange within a firm. A system often interfaces with other systems that may be of a similar or different type. With an open system, information can be used to benefit all stakeholders within the organization. Aspects such as culture, company values, and other nursing characteristics can also be communicated effectively (Draper, 2011).

In contrast to open systems, closed systems limit the flow of information and restrict interaction with the broader environment. This limitation becomes particularly problematic in healthcare settings, where conditions change rapidly and practitioners must adapt to new clinical, administrative, and regulatory demands. A closed system would impede the timely sharing of information that nurse leaders need to make effective decisions.