This paper examines vulnerable populations in Union County, New Jersey, drawing on health statistics and demographic data to identify groups most at risk for poor health outcomes. The paper identifies five predominant vulnerable groups — low-income families, the elderly, racial and ethnic minorities, individuals with chronic diseases, and the uninsured — and evaluates the community agencies and services available to them. It further explores the roles community nurses play as health educators, care coordinators, and advocates, and assesses how the U.S. welfare system, including programs such as SNAP, TANF, and Medicaid, addresses the needs of these populations. Recommendations are offered for closing service gaps and strengthening support systems.
Union County, New Jersey, presents a complex landscape of social determinants of health and demographic factors that significantly influence the vulnerability of its population.
Health statistics from the New Jersey Department of Health reveal several concerns for Union County. The age-adjusted death rate for heart disease is 165.3 per 100,000 population, slightly higher than the state average. The county also faces challenges with chronic diseases such as diabetes, with a prevalence rate of 9.8% among adults.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2020), Union County has a population of approximately 575,345 residents. The county's demographic composition includes 41.8% White, 20.4% Black or African American, 31.7% Hispanic or Latino, and 5.9% Asian. The median household income is $82,644, with 9.5% of the population living below the poverty line.
The county's demographic profile, including 15.5% of residents aged 65 or older, indicates a substantial elderly population requiring specialized care (Hartley et al., 2021). This diverse age and ethnic composition necessitates a multifaceted approach to public health, addressing varied needs across different population segments.
Based on the available data, the following vulnerable groups are identified as predominant in Union County:
a) Low-income families and individuals: With 9.5% of the population living below the poverty line, this group faces significant health disparities and limited access to healthcare services.
b) Elderly population: According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2020), 15.5% of Union County's population is 65 years or older, facing increased health risks and potential social isolation.
c) Racial and ethnic minorities: The significant Hispanic/Latino and Black/African American populations may experience health disparities due to socioeconomic factors and potential language barriers.
d) Individuals with chronic diseases: The high prevalence of heart disease and diabetes indicates a vulnerable population requiring ongoing medical care and support.
e) Uninsured or underinsured individuals: With approximately 10% of residents lacking health insurance, these individuals face substantial barriers to accessing regular healthcare services.
These groups are identified based on their limited access to healthcare services, risk of poor health outcomes, and socioeconomic challenges (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2022). The identification draws on demographic data from the U.S. Census Bureau (2020) and health statistics from the New Jersey Department of Health (New Jersey Department of Health, 2020).
In Union County, several agencies — including the Union County Division on Aging, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, and Jewish Family Service of Central NJ — provide essential services to vulnerable groups such as seniors, low-income families, and individuals with chronic health issues. However, there are notable gaps in service delivery, particularly regarding the availability of comprehensive, culturally competent healthcare for racial and ethnic minorities.
To address these gaps, implementing community health workers could be a viable solution. These workers can effectively bridge cultural and linguistic barriers, facilitating better access to healthcare services and ensuring that all vulnerable populations receive the support they need.
"Nurse as educator, coordinator, and advocate"
"Federal programs and New Jersey welfare reform"
Union County, NJ, encounters considerable difficulties in meeting the needs of its at-risk communities. By identifying these groups, examining available services, and understanding the roles of community nurses and the welfare system, stakeholders can develop more effective strategies for improving access to resources and support services.
You’re 56% through this paper. Sign up to read the remaining 2 sections.
Sign Up Now — Instant Access Already a member? Log inAlways verify citation format against your institution’s current style guide requirements.