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Africa
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What is Africa?

Africa is one of the most expansive and multidisciplinary topics in geography, appearing across courses in political science, history, economics, public health, and postcolonial studies. Its academic appeal lies in the continent's extraordinary diversity — dozens of nations, languages, and ecosystems — alongside its complex relationships with European powers and global economic systems. Key touchstones in student writing include the Berlin Conference of 1884, which formalized colonial partitioning of the continent, Portugal's sixteenth-century influence along African trade routes, and the devastating humanitarian consequences of HIV/AIDS, particularly in southern Africa. Works such as They Poured Fire on Us from the Sky, The Great War in Africa 1914–1918 by Byron Farwell, and Kwame Nkrumah's I Speak of Freedom also serve as primary reference points for understanding African experiences across different eras.

Student papers on this topic take several distinct approaches. Comparative essays frequently contrast North Africa with Sub-Saharan Africa in terms of economic development, culture, or political structure. Historical analyses examine European colonialism and its long-term effects on African nations. Case-study approaches focus on specific crises, such as HIV/AIDS in South Africa or the displacement of the Lost Boys of Sudan. Policy-oriented writing addresses issues like farm subsidies and the economic gap between African countries and the rest of the world.

A strong essay on Africa requires a clearly bounded thesis — covering the entire continent without a specific argument leads to shallow generalizations. Evidence drawn from historical events, policy frameworks, or documented case studies carries the most weight. Writers should ground comparative claims in concrete regional differences rather than treating Africa as a single, uniform subject, which is the most common pitfall in essays at this scale.

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Paper Undergraduate

Slavery and the Slave Economy in Colonial America

Modern observers likely know in general terms that many Africans were enslaved through the 17th to 19th Centuries, but few probably know the extent of suffering that newly enslaved Africans endured from the outset, nor do many modern observers likely know the legal sources that were used to justify and legitimize the practice in the Old and New Worlds. In fact, some authorities argue that it was not until the end of the 17th Century that racial divisions had become sufficiently codified to protect the "peculiar institution" of slavery in the New World. Given the impact that slavery has had on American society, gaining a better understanding of the origins of the slave economy and its implications for civil rights in the United States represents a timely and valuable enterprise. To this end, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature to describe the background in which slavery emerged and a description of the slave economy. Throughout most of the 17th Century, the tobacco economies of Virginia and Maryland depended of the contract labor of white indentured servants, who were employed for a term of four to five years, then freed.

Paper Undergraduate

Patient Safety Culture in Healthcare: A Literature Review

¶ … Epistle of Paul to Philemon on Slavery

Essay Doctorate

Caribbean vs. Filipino Latinos: Culture, Identity & History

Indeed, from the outside (and perhaps even from the inside) these two groups of people may appear very similar to each other. Certainly they share a number of traits in terms of their history and the values that govern their everyday lives as well as influence the deepest values of who they are. Discussing the differences between Caribbean Latinos and Filipino Latinos is a way of delineating the most important things that they see as belonging to them: Writing about how these two groups see themselves is also a way of writing about the complex ways in which identity is constructed by those the intersections of past and present, of distant and near.

Paper Undergraduate

Israel's Security Threats, Government, and Counterterrorism

Israel is a young nation, developed following WWII, when Britain withdrew from Palestine and the United Nations partitioned a portion of it for the resettlement of displaced Jews following the war.

Paper Undergraduate

Ecofeminism: Women, Nature, and the Politics of Domination

Ecofeminism: In Search of Universal Remedies for Women & Nature

Paper Undergraduate

U.S. Civil War: Slavery, Sectionalism, and Union Strategy

Discuss how and why Southern devotion to a system of slave labor retarded modernization in the South.

Essay Doctorate

Colonialism in Africa: Causes, Resistance, and Revolution

The term colonialism simply implies the forced occupation and absolute control of one country by another. The colonizing country imposes the rules and the policies from its government and ensures that the colonized…

African Women's Utopia: Government, Love, and Culture

According to Webster's Dictionary, Utopia is a place of ideal perfection especially in terms of laws, government, and social conditions. The idea of a Utopian society, though subconsciously sought after for centuries,…

Essay Doctorate

Representations of Women in Slave Narratives and Literature

The concept of slavery in America has engendered a great deal of scholarship. During the four decades following reconstruction, despite the hopes of the liberals in the North, the position of the Negro in America declined. After President Lincoln's assassination and the resulting malaise and economic awakening of war costs, much of the political and social control in the South was returned to the white supremacists. Blacks were left at the mercy of ex-slaveholders and former Confederates, as the United States government adopted a laissez-faire policy regarding the "Negro problem" in the South. The era of Jim Crow brought to the American Negro disfranchisement, social, educational and occupational discrimination, mass mob violence, murder, and lynching. Under a sort of peonage, black people were deprived of their civil and human rights and reduced to a status of quasi-slavery or "second-class" citizenship.

Paper Undergraduate

Causes of Famine: Poverty, Politics, and Food Security

In spite of the enormous technological advances in the last 50 years, famine is still an element of everyday life in many poorer regions, mainly developing or third world countries.

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