Against Abortion Essays (Examples)

The pro-choice group really does not have an argument other than the right to choose. It is, unfortunately, not much of a choice when it involves killing a living thing without reason. The political ramifications have reached such a point that the abortion is the only medical procedure that has no age restrictions (or require parental consent). Abortion also goes against the scientific laws of nature. In the creative scheme of things, after God, women occupy a very important place. Such power cannot be misused. Even atheists would concede the powerful natural forces at work here. A woman's body goes through significant changes as it readies it self to create a brand new human being. Abortion cuts this process short.

Then there are guilt feelings and burdens of society. Obviously, a woman who goes through abortion merely for convenience would be guilt ridden for a long time (if not for…

Bibliography

Callahan, Joan C. "The Fetus and Fundamental Rights." The Ethics of Abortion: Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice. Eds. Robert M. Baird and Stuart E. Rosenbaum. Rev. ed. Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1993. 203-09.

ChristianAction. "Prolife: 10 Arguments against Abortion." 2009. Christian Action. org. April 11, 2009. .

Noonan, John Thomas. "The Morality of Abortion; Legal and Historical Perspectives." The Morality of Abortion; Legal and Historical Perspectives. Ed. John Thomas Noonan. Cambridge, Mass.,: Harvard University Press, 1970. 51-59.

Steyn, Mark. America Alone: The End of the World as We Know it. Washington, DC

Abortion

Describe the Compelling Attitudes both for and Against Abortion

This paper explores the particular virtues and morals to which each side of the debate subscribe; this is of particular importance since the pro and anti-abortion camps each believe that they are morally just while contending that the other is not. According to Marquis (1989), this is the reason why neither position has successfully been able to persuade the other, and both sides have had difficulty compromising and arriving at any middle ground. The basis for such divisiveness stems from altering perceptions of whether a fetus constitutes a human being; while the anti-abortion group believes that a fetus is in fact a living being (such that abortion becomes equated with murder) the pro-abortion camp asserts that a fetus is not yet a human being and so abortion is not a form of murder. Meanwhile, those who are pro-abortion believe that…

References

Dejanikus, T., & Rylance, M. (1979). pro & anti-choice dialogue: cooptation or cooperation? Off Our Backs, 9(3), 4-5, 28.

Lake, R.A. (1984). Order and disorder in anti-abortion rhetoric: A logological view. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 70(4), 425-443.

Marquis, D. (1989). Why abortion is immoral. The Journal of Philosophy, 86(4), 183-202.

Abortion is a polarizing issue. The debate divides families as well as politicians. However, I am all too well aware of the fact that there are many individual stories that are far more complex than the black-and-white shades in which the issue is presented by the media.

Take the example of the aunt of one of my best friends from high school. My friend's aunt became pregnant: this was joyous news for her and she wanted to keep the baby. This was her third pregnancy: the first two had ended in miscarriages. By the third time she became pregnant the woman was in her early 40s, making her pregnancy extremely high-risk for both mother and fetus. The woman was very cautious and followed her doctor's advice and yet, she still had complications. By the end of the third trimester she was in tremendous physical pain and the fetus was unlikely…

Work Cited

"Catholic pro-life committee E-Alert: The distinction between direct abortion and legitimate medical procedures. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 23 Jun 2010. Web. 3 Dec 2013.

.

Eckholm, Erik. "Bishops sued over anti-abortion policies at Catholic hospitals."

The New York Times. 2 Dec 2013. Web. 3 Dec 2013. .

In this context the argument is made from a moral and religious point-of-view that the unborn child is alive and that abortion is tantamount to murder. As Bohan (1999) states in the House of Atreus: Abortion as a Human ights Issue, "No society that truly believes in human rights can fail to recognize the right to life of the unborn. Human rights are, by definition, rights, which inhere in one simply by virtue of being a human "(Bohan, 1999, p. 64).

From the religious perspective the main argument against abortion revolves around the view of the religious and spiritual value of human life. In Christianity this refers to the Commandant, "Thou shall not Kill." The sanctity of life applies as well to the unborn child and in many religions life begins at the moment of conception. Form this normative perspective the murder of a human being is seen to be…

References

Abortion is every woman's right. Retrieved March 16, 2009 at http://www.socialistworker.org/2004-1/496/496_06_Abortion.shtml

Abortion Laws Worldwide. Retrieved March 16, 2009 at http://www.womenonwaves.org/set-1020.245-en.html

Baer, J.A. (Ed.). (2002). Historical and Multicultural Encyclopedia of Women's Reproductive Rights in the United States. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Bohan, J.F. (1999). The House of Atreus: Abortion as a Human Rights Issue. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

However, when all said and done the situation is still critical and those having resorted to abortion have a hard time getting over the psychological traumas that they suffer. Of course, such an experience is difficult to put behind and the best solution for abortion victims should be their subjection to intense psychological discussions in order to get over the shock more easily.

It seems that the women that cannot psychologically recover from an abortion describe similar symptoms. Most have reported having nightmares about children, blood, and voices calling them. It is horrible for someone that underwent an abortion to be reminded of the episode, as images immediately spring to their minds making them go into a state of distress. It is not surprising that consequent to undergoing an abortion, one's self-esteem drops significantly, as women feel that they have been incompetent at performing one of humanity's basic functions-that of…

Works cited:

1. Angela Kennedy, and Mary Krane Derr, "Feminism and Abortion," History Today Aug. 1999: 34, Questia, Web, 9 Mar. 2010.

2. Beverly Wildung Harrison, Our Right to Choose: Toward a New Ethic of Abortion (Boston: Beacon Press, 1983) 163, Questia, Web, 9 Mar. 2010.

3. Robert M. Baird, and Stuart E. Rosenbaum, eds., the Ethics of Abortion Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice, Revised ed. (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1993) 7, Questia, Web, 9 Mar. 2010.

4. "Is Abortion Safe?." Retrieved March 09, 2010, from the nrcl.org website: http://www.nrlc.org/abortion/asmf/asmf14.html

"It is not just a Catholic and Protestant Debate"(13).

Some Catholic statements, like the 1968 papal encyclical Humanae Vitae, condemn the practice on grounds of the created order, which is thought to be structured in such a way that all sexual expression must be open to procreation. Other statements, notably various declarations issued from 1969 to 1989 by the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB) in the U.S. appeal instead to the nature of the human person and the idea that life begins at conception. Abortion must be rejected, such statements argue, because it terminates a human life. Yet a third subgroup can be identified. Statements like the NCCB's well-known 1983 pastoral on peace and the Catholic bishops of France's 1979 declaration do not emphasize the doctrines of creation and human persons but argue against abortion by granting priority to the gospel.

In addition, in the Protestant Church, several statements…

References

Beckwith, F.J. Politically Correct Death: Answering the Arguments for Abortion Rights Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1993.

CPN. "Topics." 6, May 2005.  http://www.cpn.org/topics/families/prolife.html 

Currie, Stephen. Abortion. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2000.

Do No Harm. Coalition of Scientists for Research Ethics. 6, May 2005.  http://www.stemcellresearch.org/

"

In this case, according to Alexander Hamilton, the court would have had the right to interfere and it would have had the superior power to declare the Texas statue void on its face.

However, Hamilton aside, our natural law and natural rights also prohibit first trimester abortion. Derived from Locke, Natural law and natural rights follow from the nature of man and the world. For instance, we have the right to defend ourselves and our property, because of our nature, because of the kind of creatures that we are. True law derives from this right, not from the arbitrary power of the omnipotent state.

Natural law has an objective, extrinsic existence. The ability to make moral judgment - or in other words, the capacity to know good and evil -- has immediate evolutionary benefits: just as the capacity to perceive three dimensionally tells one when one is standing on…

Virginity

Origin of the Topic

The most common origin of virginity is derived from Christianity. Christianity teaches that sex before marriage is wrong. Sex should only occur between a man and a woman who are married. Sex outside of marriage is considered an abomination to God. The Bible states that when a man leaves home, he should cleave unto his wife and they shall become one flesh.

Impact on Male and Female Sexuality

Phone sex, masturbation, and sensual massages are just a few activities in which couples can participate together without risking the loss of virginity. Sensual massages release endorphins that enhance moods so that the receiving individual is left satisfied with just being touched. Many people might find these activities embarrassing or unusual, but if you cannot engage in such activities with your partner, why would you commit to having a sexual relationship or marriage? It would take a…

Works Cited

Lewis, Jone Johnson. (1999). Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision. Retrieved April 22, 2013, from http://womenshistory.about.com/od/abortionuslegal/p/roe_v_wade.html

Springhouse Corporation. (1989). Abortion. Professional Guide to Diseases 3rd Edition,

911-912.

-InfoPlease.com  http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0856928.html

Against Abortion

In the past few decades an argument has raged across America over the issue of abortion. My personal opinion on this subject is that abortion should not be legal. I believe that because an embryo, and later a fetus, is a human life form that is separate and distinct from its parents, and has the potential to become something great, that people should follow the "Golden ule" and treat others, including embryos, only as they would like to be treated; and this would mean not ending their life. Therefore, in the debate over abortion, I am on the "Pro-Life" side.

While many abortion proponents concentrate their arguments on the mother and her rights, they often forget that there is another person involved, and it is a distinct and individual life form. Most embryology texts indicate that the life of a human being "begins with complete fertilization, which yields…

References

Gensler, Harry. (2011). Ethics: A Contemporary Introduction. New York: Routledge.

Lee, Patrick, and Robert P. George.(2005). The Wrong of Abortion. In Cohen, Andrew

and Christopher Wellman. (Eds.), Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics.

Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Abortion

Policy Description

Statement of the Policy

The policy of the United States on abortion was one set forty years ago in a landmark decision, in the 1973 case oe v. Wade, which legalized abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Brief History of the Policy

In the case of oe v. Wade, a single woman by the name of oe brought class action that challenged the constitutionality of the criminal abortion laws in the state of Texas. In this case a licensed physician by the name of Hallford, who had state prosecutions against him pending was allowed to intervene. A childless couple, known as the Does, attacked the laws and based the alleged injury on the future possibilities of contraceptive failure, stating that were not prepared for becoming parents and the health of the wife. The court ordered the abortion statutes void "as vague and overbroadly infringing the plaintiff's…

References

Roe v. Wade (1973) SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 410 U.S. 113. APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS. No. 70-18 Argued: December 13, 1971 - Decided: January 22, 1973. Retrieved from:

Catholic Perspectives on Culture, Society and Politics (2007) Vox Nova. Retrieved from:  http://vox-nova.com/2007/05/22/abortion-and-economics/ 

Dionisio, L. et al. (2006) A Political, Public & Moral Look at Abortion. Retrieved from: http://www.nyu.edu/classes/jackson/social.issues/papers/AbortGrI.html http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0113_ZS.html 

Norrander, B. And Wilcox, C. (1999) Public Opinion and Policymaking in the States: The Case of Post-Roe Abortion Policy. Policy Studies Journal, Vo. 27, No. 4, 1999. Retrieved from: http://academic.udayton.edu/grantneeley/Morality%20Policy/norranderandwilcox-psj.pdf

Abortion to Poverty

Poverty and Abortion

The elation of Poverty to Abortion

Advancements in globalization in the current century, and the technological advancements, the globe has experienced drastic changes in terms of the culture and social related issues. People in both developed and developing states are changing their conservativeness and embracing new ideas. Awareness is being realized and the levels of literacy are gradually increasing. Information on life and its importance are clearer compared to the past, where people where not exposed. Due to this, there are heated debates on the issues of abortion in the society. This paper will analyze the situation in which poverty is affecting abortion, and how poor women's lives are implicated. Policies that assist to counter these issues are also discussed critically.

Introduction

Scientific researches and innovation has been highest in the 21st century. Scientists are aiming at bettering the human life. However, the proposals…

References

Djerassi, C. (1986). Abortion in the United States: Political or Policy? Bulleting of the Atomic Scientists, 42(4), 38-41.

Kimport, K., Foster, K. & Weitz, T.A. (2011). Social Sources of Women's Emotional Difficulty after Abortion: Lessons from Women's Abortion Narrative. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 43(2), 103-109.

Levine, B.P. (2004). Abortion Policies and the Economics of Fertility. Society, 41(4), 79-85.

MacNair, R. (2012 June 6). Poverty and Abortion. Retrieved from www.consistent-life.org/povertyabortion.pdf

d.).

Discussion:

The issue of abortion remains very controversial and is characterized by several arguments and counter-arguments. This has led to differences in permitting and prohibiting the procedure across different societies. However, abortions should be permitted for several reasons rather than being an unrestricted procedure or practice. Women should be permitted to make private personal decisions based on their beliefs, circumstances, and values without interference from the government or any group. Therefore, people should respect and support a woman when she encounters a decision that could change her life such as whether to have a child.

Generally, the government should respect personal integrity by enabling women to make their own private decisions and ensure that they have the ability to make such decisions in a responsible manner. Secondly, abortion should be permitted in several circumstances such as when the mother's health is at risk including her mental well-being. Moreover, abortion…

References:

"Should Abortion Be Legal?" (2011, November 15). ProCon.org - Abortion. Retrieved July 25, 2013, from  

Anger may also be directed at general society or circumstances that prevented the woman from having an optimally healthy pregnancy or from being able to provide a child with a healthy and wholesome environment in which to grow and flourish. All these issues could have severe post-abortion effects upon women who undergo the procedure. On the basis of these findings, the authors recommend that abortion should not be legalized.

Another version of the human rights argument is espoused by Pruss (2001), who focuses upon the fetus as a person with an identity. Pruss considers that the fetus, at the point of conception, is not a physical part of the mother's identity any more than it is part of the father's. In other words, the fetus is as separate entity, although for the first nine months of its life it is dependent upon its mother for its continued life. Although it…

References

BBC. (2010). Arguments against abortion. Ethics Guide. Retrieved from  http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/mother/against_1.shtml 

Donahue, J.J. And Levit, S.D. (2003). Further Evidence that Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime. The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 34, No.1. Retrieved from  http://epoca.globo.com/edic/465/artigo_aborto3.pdf 

Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J. And Ridder, E.M. (2006). Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Vol 47, No. 1. Retrieved from http://200.16.86.38/uca/common/grupo54/files/new_zealand_abortion_study.pdf

Grimes, D.A., Benson, J., Sing, S., Romero, M., Ganatra, B., Okonofua, F.E. And Shah, I.H. (2006, Oct.). Unsafe abortion: the preventable pandemic. The Lancet Sexual and Reproductive Health Series. Retrieved from  https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/unsafe_abortion/article_unsafe_abortion.pdf

A normal pro-life campaign is less complex than Catholic anti-abortion principles because of the religious aspect of the matter. The connection between the Catholic Church and morality has come to be stronger in the recent years in spite of the fact that it does not essentially function based on morality alone. To a certain degree, one might be inclined to consider that the Church is wrong in promoting anti-abortion simply because it wants to follow Christian tradition. Catholic teachings are essentially derived from the Bible and "whatever the "moral" teaching of the Church might be, it is, in the final analysis, a function of how to read the Scripture. Christian morality is not, in short, a "stand-alone" moral position" (O'Brien 92). In promoting anti-abortion messages, Catholic representatives practically go against the general message that the Gospel is trying to convey.

Catholics have recently been more determined than ever to fight…

Works cited:

Faundes, Anibal and Barzelatto, Jose, "The human drama of abortion: a global search for consensus," Vanderbilt University Press, 2006.

John Paul II, "Evangelium Vitae: The Gospel of Life," St. Pauls Publications, 2009.

Mitchell, Alan C. "Choosing life: a dialogue on Evangelium vitae," Georgetown University Press, 1997.

O'Brien, George Dennis, "The Church and abortion: a Catholic dissent," Rowman & Littlefield, 2010.

Additionally, the school's policy to let parents know when there are issues with their children should only be related to issues that pertain to schooling. What goes on in the life of a student and is not related to school should not be the business of the school. It would be, therefore, unethical for Donna to call Melissa's parents and tell them that their daughter is pregnant. That information was told to Donna in confidence and does not have anything to do with the girl's performance at school.

Conclusion

In short, it would appear that Donna should avoid telling Melissa's parents of the pregnancy and intended abortion, because it does not relate to school business and Melissa is old enough to get an abortion without parental consent in her state. While it is understandable that Donna is against abortion given her Catholic beliefs, those are personal and not related to…

References

De La Torre, M.A. (2004). Doing Christian ethics from the margins. NY: Orbis Books.

Fagothey, a. (2000). Right and reason. Rockford, IL: Tan Books & Publishers.

Sarat, a. et al. (eds.). 2005. The limits of law. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Schools barred from telling parents of abortion (2004). Law of the Land. WND. Retrieved from  http://www.wnd.com/2004/12/27841/

Abortion Should not be Allowed

Abortion: hy it Should Not be Allowed

Abortion and whether the same ought to be allowed or not is an issue that has stimulated heated debate between proponents and supporters of abortion. hile proponents of abortion have often presented seemingly reasonable arguments on why abortion should be permitted, these arguments have often times been countered by equally strong arguments against abortion by those opposing it. This text revisits the debate and with compelling reasons, argues why abortion should not be allowed.

To begin with, it is important to note that aborting an unborn child (regardless of its stage of development in the womb) is akin to murder. According to Schwarzwalder, the senior VP of the Family Research Council, there are those who have argued that whatever is formed in the woman's womb when a human ovum is penetrated by a sperm is just but a…

Works Cited

Hendrick, Judith. Law and Ethics in Children's Nursing. Iowa: John Wiley and Sons, 2011. Print.

NHS. "Abortion -- Risks." NHS, 7 June 2012. Web. 20 April. 2014.

Saad, Lydia. "Pro-Choice Americans at Record-Low 41%." 23 May 2012. Web. 20 April. 2014.

Schwarz, Stephen D. Understanding Abortion: From Mixed Feelings to Rational Thought. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2011. Print.

"Every year nearly 42 million women decide to have an abortion and about 20 million of them are forced to resort to unsafe abortion, 98% of which are in developing countries. Unsafe abortion was the cause of 66,500 deaths in 2003, representing 13% of all maternal deaths worldwide. Incidence of unsafe abortion is highest in South America and Eastern Africa whereas mortality rates due to unsafe abortion are much higher in Africa than anywhere else in the world." (Unsafe Abortion, 6 December 2008).

Pros of Abortion

Abortion can have a positive as well as a negative impact on the health of a woman. Women suffering from serious health problems like heart disease, kidney disease etc., have a positive impact of abortion on their health. The body has to be well prepared for childbirth, diseases weakens the body and opting for an abortion many a time helps women in avoiding further…

References

Pros and Cons about Abortion. In Life Style Lounge. Retrieved on 6 December 2008 at  http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/pros-and-cons-about-abortion-3403.html 

Unsafe Abortion. In BNET Journal. Retrieved on 6 December 2008 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb264/is_31_16/ai_n29452317?tag=content;col1 

Pros and Cons of Abortion. In the Abortion Info Site. Retrieved on 6 December 2008 at http://tiger.towson.edu/users/bpahl1/pros%20and%20cons%20page.htm

Pros and Cons of Abortion. In Buzzle. Retrieved on 6 December 2008 at  http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pros-and-cons-of-abortion.html

Part One
According to the British Pregnancy Advisory Service, an abortion refers to the termination of a pregnancy so that it avoids the birth of a child. Abortion is one of the most intense and hot-blooded topic in society today, provoking a host of opinions, contentions and fierce dogma. It’s definitely thought provoking to determine when and how abortion became so contentious, as for much of American history it really was considered to be a standard aspect of life (Reagan, 1996). In fact, for much of America’s existence the procedure was legal and used frequently. In fact, until the last quarter of the 19th century when the act of abortion was considered to be a crime, abortion was definitively legal before a period of time called the quickening—the fourth month of pregnancy (Reagan, 1996).
It’s important to consider that from a historical perspective, ending a pregnancy was considered common and…

Part One
According to the British Pregnancy Advisory Service, an abortion refers to the termination of a pregnancy so that it avoids the birth of a child. Abortion is one of the most intense and hot-blooded topic in society today, provoking a host of opinions, contentions and fierce dogma. It’s definitely thought provoking to determine when and how abortion became so contentious, as for much of American history it really was considered to be a standard aspect of life (Reagan, 1996). In fact, for much of America’s existence the procedure was legal and used frequently. In fact, until the last quarter of the 19th century when the act of abortion was considered to be a crime, abortion was definitively legal before a period of time called the quickening—the fourth month of pregnancy (Reagan, 1996).
It’s important to consider that from a historical perspective, ending a pregnancy was considered common and…

The term 'abortion' is used to denote a practice of purposeful pregnancy termination to ensure a child isn't born. This social issue revolves around the aspect of personhood. Almost everybody is of the view that every individual has his/her own unique moral status; hence, depriving any individual of his/her life, except in some extreme situations, is a grave sin. A pro-lifer contends that this principle is applicable to abortion as well, since a fetus is, in essence, a person (thus the word "pro-life"). Meanwhile, a majority of pro-choicers contend that it is only at an advanced developmental stage (i.e., during birth or shortly before it) that a fetus may be identified as a person. The chief, hotly-contested issue with regard to this subject -- fetuses' moral status -- has remained the same since the passing of the 1967 Abortion Act in the UK.
Arguments for Abortion

Ethical theorist, Judith J.…

Abstract

Abortion refers to the termination of the pregnancy and most members of society tend to feel strongly and often myopically about their opinions of abortion. This paper will examine the complex and multi-faceted history that the United States has had with abortion as well as the pros and cons of this procedure. This essay will take a long look at the reasons that motivate those who support abortion and those who do not. It is hoped that this deep analysis will not only strengthen one’s ability to think critically, but allow compassion and common understanding to thrive in society.

[toc]

Abortion Titles


Abortion: Nuances of the Issue
Abortion: Reasons for Support and Opposition
Abortion: Reasons for Approval and for Protest
Abortion: Exploring the Positive and Negative Complexities
Abortion in America: Examining both Sides of the Coin


Abortion Topics


Acceptable Circumstances: When is an abortion a non-controversial decision?
The impact…

Potential Topics:
The Impact of the Pro-Life Movement on Abortion Rates

The Impact of the Pro-Choice Movement on Abortion Rates

The Future of Roe v. Wade

When Does Life Begin?
Titles: [1]
A Comparison of Abortion Practices in Different Countries and the United States

The Current Status of the Abortion Debate in the United States

How Will the Trump Administrations Stance on Planned Parenthood Affect Abortion Rates in the U.S.?

How the Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Movements have Affected Americans Public Opinion about Abortion [2]
Outline:
I. Introduction

II. The Pro-Life Movement

III. The Pro-Choice Movement

IV. Conclusion
Abstract:
Despite becoming the law of the land in 1973 when the U.S. Supreme Courts decision made abortion legal, pro-life advocates continue to hammer away at the laws concerning the status of human embryos and fetuses in an effort to eventually reverse this landmark decision. In response to the growth of pro-life organizations,…

Abortion: Pro-Choice

Abortion (pro-choice)

Women in the United States faced many difficulties before the legalization of abortion. The case of oe vs. Wade is famous as this case allowed for the legalization of abortion K. Jones & Chaloner, 2007.

Before the legalization of abortion, there were women who still aborted illegally, and all that legalization provided for was a safe environment for the women to perform abortion. Legalization of abortion provided women with a choice in regards to keeping the pregnancy to term or terminating the pregnancy. This choice is and has been a controversial one, which results in many debates for and against abortion. The debates regarding abortion have not favored women as it was earlier thought, since there are women who still cannot access abortion services. Women of color were mostly disadvantaged before abortion was legalized, but the situation did not change after abortion was legalized. Colored women…

References

Avalos, L.R. (2003). Abortion in the Web of Relationship. International Journal for Human Caring, 7(2).

Bartlett, L.A., Berg, C.J., Shulman, H.B., Zane, S.B., Green, C.A., Whitehead, S., & Atrash, H.K. (2004). Risk factors for legal induced abortion -- related mortality in the United States. Obstetrics & gynecology, 103(4), 729-737.

Cates, W., Grimes, D.A., & Schulz, K.F. (2003). The public health impact of legal abortion: 30 years later. Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health, 35(1), 25-28.

Fried, M.G. (2013). Reproductive rights activism in the post-Roe era. American Journal of Public Health, 103(1), 10-14.

Abortion

The question of whether or not abortion should be legal depends entirely on who is asked, and what type of moral reasoning is being used. Likewise, the question of whether abortion should be legal or not depends on the definition of abortion -- which stage the abortion can or should take place. Perhaps more importantly, the answer to the abortion question relates to one's definition of a fetus. The answer to the question also depends whether abortion legality is maintained at the state as well as the federal level. These are some of the many factors influencing the abortion debate in the United States. Abortion has become a central political topic, not just in the United States, but in other countries as well. In the United States is the added dimension of states' rights, and whether states should be allowed to determine their own abortion policies. The arguments presented…

References

British Pregnancy Advisory Service (2013). What is an abortion? Retrieved online:  http://www.bpas.org/bpasyoungpeople/what-is-abortion 

Faux, M. (2000). Roe v. Wade. Cooper Square Press.

Roe v. Wade, 1973. Retrieved online:  http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0113_ZS.html 

Savage, D.G. (2013). Supreme Court vote upholds Texas abortion law. Los Angeles Times. 19 Nov, 2013. Retrieved online:  http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-scotus-abortion-texas-20131120,0,3988621.story#axzz2lcd6QVfk

Abortion: Ethical and Political Issues of RU 486

Abortion is a totally unacceptable, cruel and unethical practice and should be considered illegal except under some special cases and medical circumstances that indicate a danger to the mother. Our judicial system must consider the ethical and moral aspects of abortion as an intrinsic part of the problem when approaching this social issue. Even from the practical prospective the abortion pill RU486 has not been a breakthrough and instead of making abortion a private and safe method it has only increased the physical discomfort and the psychological ordeal for the woman.

Abortion is the one of the most debated social issues of this century. The controversy as to the right that man has over the life of a baby in the fetus and in controlling its entry into the world is a much-debated topic. Abortion is nothing but putting an end to…

Bibliography

Designed by 'RU486.com', "Abortion Procedures," Accessed on March 10th, 2003

 http://www.ru486.com/topics/articles/article_59.asp 

BBC News, "Roe v Wade: Key U.S. abortion ruling" January 16, 2003 Accessed on March 12th, 2003

 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/us_abortion_rights/49315.stm

bortion

Discuss the legal and ethical issues involved in Roe v. Wade

With the advent of 70's and particularly, aftermath of the decision of the Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade during 1973, abortion policy has become a controversial issue in the merican politics. (Levine; Staiger; Kane; Zimmerman, 1996) The decision in Roe v. Wade reinforced the right of women to privacy with regard to her own body, incorporating the termination of pregnancy. (Pozga, 2010) Roe v. Wade delineated more specifically the rights of fetus as well as the mother on the basis of the magnitude of viability. (Killion; Dempski, 2000)

The decision in Roe v. Wade which accorded constitutional protection to abortion, which voided the state laws which banned it, was a decision which had several legal and ethical concerns. This verdict in Roe v. Wade damaged the cornerstone of the ethical principles against the issue of killing. The…

An ultrasound neither informs legally nor medically -- irrespective of that, it notifies them aesthetically. Women are compelled to view at an image of a fetus; however, the woman who desire to abort already has prior knowledge of the ultrasound image of fetus. Additionally, there is the concern for ultrasound prices. As per the law the patient is expected to take the burden of the compelling procedure. The law entails a fine of $2,500 for not complying with the legal necessities. Such incorporation of ultrasound is visualized as a method to financially dissuade women for resorting to a legal medical procedure. Irrespective of the ethical issues of the abortion the government is not expected to emphasize moral issues on its citizen legally. This law on this ground is regarded as appalling & the offensive government encroachment that is framed to embarrass women desiring to avail legal healthcare. (Fox, 2012)

Such laws pertaining to necessities of ultrasound for abortion is lacking in significant arenas and is not the most successful methods to insure that an abortion thinking mother gets advantages from the powerful influence of ultrasound. Particularly, all of these laws need that some ultrasound information be accorded to the woman from the doctor who is attending the woman. The attending doctor definitely desires that the women must select the option for abortion since the doctor will be paid for abortion. It is pertinent that any need that this person offer ultrasound information would be distorted and skewed by the attending doctor to persuade the mother to abort her baby. Secondly the limitation of the law is that it compels a mother to attain information that she does not require. This imposes problematic public relations. (Glessner, 2012)

An analysis of several laws enacted reveal that they are insufficient in assuring that a woman desirous of undergoing abortion will really view an ultrasound image of her child. Some of these laws simply necessitate that woman be told of

Against Legal Abortion

The legality of abortion has been a topic of discussion for quite some time now. Pro-life participants and pro-choice participants go head in head debating on what the right thing to do would be. Although giving women the right to choose to do with their bodies whatever it is that they would like to do with them, the health risks and the societal effects and impact that legalizing abortion would do, will outweigh any freedom of choice argument.

Women who get even one abortion in their lifetime have an increased chance of getting physical ailments and illnesses than women who have not gotten an abortion. They are 30% more likely to get an ectopic pregnancy in the future if they have gotten one abortion and four times more likely if they have gotten two or more, which by itself increases the mortality rate of a woman by…

References:

Monahan, M. (2006). The effects of abortion. In AbortionFacts.com. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from

Masse, S. (2011). Abortion Risks. In Ramah International. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from

Abortion and the Right to Privacy

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United States' law is descended from English common law. As it stands, the historical idea of a life beginning at "quickening" has been replaced by the idea of fetal "viability." Despite a brief historical hiatus, women maintain the right to an abortion, before life begins. Despite Georgia's best efforts, fetuses are not people, legally or otherwise. Naturally, states regulate abortions and even proscribe them, under specified circumstances. However, the historical right to privacy in the home includes the right to choose whether to procreate. The right to privacy is protected in the substantive due…

Works Cited

Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616, 116 U.S. 630 (The Supreme Court December 11, 1886).

Bullough, V. (Ed.). (2001). Encyclopedia of Birth Control. Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.: ABC-CLIO.

Coke, E. (2001). The Third Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England: Concerning High Treason, and Other Pleas of the Crown and Criminal Causes. Clark, N.J.: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.

Garrow, D. (1998). Liberty and Sexuality: The Right to Privacy and the Making of Roe v. Wade (2nd Edition ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

In this situation, the images work on their own in presenting an effective argument. Just as a lawyer must often rely on visual evidence in court to persuade the jury, so too does a pro-life advocate need to use visual aides to get his or her point across to the general public.

The audience for the Abortion Pages will vary. Some pro-life advocates will visit the website to reinforce their beliefs and remind themselves why they are dedicated to the cause. People in the religious community might point others to the website in order to inform them about the implications of abortion. The values and beliefs of those in the religious community will be generally in line with the views of the creator of the website. The website will bolster the opinions of religiously-minded visitors and will consequently show them that their beliefs have considerable support.

Furthermore, showing the Abortion…

omen who are otherwise responsible can become pregnant but out of no fault of their own. Keeping abortion legal ensures that all women have the right to determine their own destiny; no woman should be forced to carry a child who was actively trying to prevent pregnancy in the first place. Even if a woman was trying to become pregnant she might need to get an abortion in cases in which doctors revealed serious birth defects. To prevent unwanted physical and emotional strain not just on the mother but on the father, the extended family, and the community, abortions should be allowed in extreme cases.

The vast majority -- at least 98% -- of all abortions performed in the United States are for women who elect to have them not for physical or mental health purposes or to terminate a pregnancy known to contain genetic defects or birth defects (Johnston).…

Works Cited

Fu, Haishan. Darroch, J.E., Haas, T. & Ranjit, N. Contraceptive Failure Rates: New Estimates From the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Family Planning Perspectives. Volume 31, Number 2, March/April 1999. Retrieved 26 Feb 2008 at  http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3105699.html 

Johnston, W.M. "Reasons given for having abortions in the United States." 4 Dec 2006. Retrieved 26 Feb 2998 at  http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion/abreasons.html 

National Abortion Federation. "History of Abortion." 2008. Retrieved 26 Feb 2008 at  http://www.prochoice.org/about_abortion/history_abortion.html 

Ross, J. Illegal Abortions Rampant in Latin America. Women's eNews. 28 Nov 2004. Retrieved 26 Feb 2008 at  http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2086/context/archive

Abortion: Two Opposing Sides

Abortion is one of the most difficult and controversial bioethical issues of modern times. This is perhaps because there are equally compelling arguments on both sides -- in favor of and against. hen debating abortion we are dealing with the question of when human life begins in a meaningful fashion, which is, to some extent, unanswerable.

Four principles of bioethics

Autonomy: The idea that human beings are autonomous, and possess the right to govern their own fate can be used to support a women's right to choice. However, from the point-of-view of an opponent of abortion, if the fetus is a person, it possesses a right to autonomy and to choose to live. But from the mother's perspective, because it is her body at stake, her right to autonomous choice trumps the right even of the father's to decide whether she does or does not have…

Works Cited

"Bioethical principles." The Nathaniel Center. [June 14, 2011]

 http://www.nathaniel.org.nz/?sid=27

Abortion: An Argument in Favor

Abortion is one of the most controversial topics of our day as it involves an entanglement of truly pressing issues that people generally feel incredibly passionate about: human life, religion, morality, and the rights of women. Historically, America has been a nation founded by and run by Caucasian men, which has meant that the bulk of legislation can be and has historically been harsh, unfair and unequal to women and minorities. Women (and minorities) have had to work harder and fight harder to receive rights that white men don't hesitate in giving themselves. For example, women have had to fight for the right to be reinstated to their jobs after maternity leave, for equal pay, and to fight against federal laws that have made it a crime to use contraceptives or birth control information (ACLU, 2012). Women have had to fight in certain states to…

References

Aclu.org. (2012). The ACLU And Women's Rights: Proud History, Continuing Struggle. Retrieved from aclu.org:  http://www.aclu.org/womens-rights/aclu-and-womens-rights - proud-history-continuing-struggle

Alessio, J. (2011). Social Problems and Inequality: Social Responsibility Through Progressive. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing.

Amplifiy. (2012). 10 Arguments in Favor of Pro-Choice Policy. Retrieved from Amplify.com:  http://amplifyyourvoice.org/u/pheo152/2009/01/26/10-arguments-in-favor-of-prochoice - policy

Life.org.nz. (2011). Child Abuse Link to Abortion. Retrieved from Life.org.nz: http://www.life.org.nz/abortion/abortionkeyissues/childabuselink/

(Brownmiller 470) Hemorrhaging blood, Brownmiller was afraid -- but her fear did not make her question her choice.

Of course, pro-life activists like Dew would argue that no matter how desperately women might want abortions, they have no right to end another human being's life, regardless of their circumstances. But Dew's line of argumentation raises serious questions about the ethics of forcing another human being to subject their bodies to the rigors of pregnancy (which has far greater risks than a legal abortion) and to harbor another human being within their body against their will. Of course, a woman might choose to have sex -- but the ability of a young girl to fully understand the implications of her decision to have intercourse, and the fact that the male in question does not have to endure a pregnancy, suggests that the 'fairness' of outlawing abortion, regardless of the status of…

Works Cited

Brownmiller, Susan. "Abortion is a woman's right." In Voices of a People's History of the United States, 2nd Ed. Edited by Howard Zinn & Anthony Arnove, 1999.

Dew, Diana. "It's a child, not a choice." Diana Dew's essays on life issues. 1998. [August 7,

2010]. http://www.dianedew.com/aborindx.htm

Instead, considering the more empirical medical and social considerations at hand, the Supreme Court established the position that stands today.

In spite of this precedent, pro-life groups have mounted powerful, ongoing and determined opposition to this constitutional position. Indeed, the political relevance of abortion can mostly be attributed to this determination, which reflects a belief on the part of the conservative population of the United States that abortion is wrong, that it should be regarded as murder and that the failure of the nation to intervene on the behalf of its unborn children is a fundamental sin. This is a view which has resonated with many Republican office-holders and Christian community leaders in recent years, who have battled aggressively to shift the public perspective to a place of rejection of these values.

However, most of the evidence available to us suggests that abortion is a critical right which must be…

Works Cited:

California Medical Association (CMA). (1973). Where We Stand -- CMA Position Papers: • Abortion. Western Journal of Medicine, 116(6), 42-59.

Dreaper, J. (2007). Divisions Deep Over Abortion Ban. BBC News. Online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7041048.stmCalifronia Mecianl

Whether a probable existing advocate of slavery could offer satisfactory reasons is a decision that is not neutral and unqualified but joined to the background of individual's modern standards. In the same way, the adequacy of the reasons specified by pro-choice or pro-life supporters is relative to the literary context in which an individual judge it. The literary climate nowadays makes the reasons given by pro-choice supporters seem sensible, even though, they are primarily incorrect. Although it gives confidence about respecting for these sensible reasons and for those who place them onward, just as slavery today is seen as not carried by any satisfactory reasons, in the same way, years from now, people will see abortion as not carried by any satisfactory reasons. This entails that pro-life supporters are previously aware of the unacceptability of the causes of pro-choice advocates. (Amy Gutman, Dennis Thompson).

If a person expands it point-of-view…

Bibliography

Alan R. Fleischman. The Pro-Life Maternal-Fetal Medicine Physician: A Problem of Integrity. 1995.

Amy Gutman, Dennis Thompson. Democracy and Disagreement. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996.

Simona Goi. Agonism, Deliberation and the Politics of Abortion. 2005.

Abortion

For the most robust philosophical debate, the morality of abortion should be argued based on both duty-based and rights-based ethical principles. Abortion does in fact point to both duty and rights-based ethics. The duty to care is one example of a moral duty relevant to the abortion debate. Abortion also raises the question of rights. In the case of abortion, the rights belong to several stakeholders but none more salient than the embryo/fetus/potential human being. Because it is scientifically as well as philosophically impossible to delineate any other moment in which a fetus becomes a person, it is logical to presume that the beginning of personhood is conception and not some random or arbitrary point in the gestation period. The rights of the pregnant female are less central to the abortion debate from a philosophical standpoint, because it is the fetus/embryo who stands the chance of being killed. In…

Works Cited

"Abortion." Philosophy Talk. Retrieved online:  http://www.philosophytalk.org/shows/abortion 

Bouchier-Hayes, Frank. "Philosophers on Abortion and Infanticide." Retrieved online:  http://www.minerva.mic.ul.ie//vol2/bh.html 

Gordon, John-Stewart. "Abortion." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved online:  http://www.iep.utm.edu/abortion/#SH3b 

Thomson, Judith Jarvis. "A Defense of Abortion." Philosophy & Public Affairs. Vol 1, No. 1, Fall 1971. Retrieved online:  http://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/Phil160,Fall02/thomson.htm

Such prohibition, Bentham contended, would be a contradiction to the preservation of individual rights. He even goes so far as to signal the necessity for a change in approach to contending with any questions regarding the prescription of rights, here channeled through the words of John Stuart Mill. The remarks seem directed in their derisive tone at the unempirical thinkers espousing the Law of Nature as a singular lens for evaluating human rights.

"Instead of taking up their opinions by intuition, or by ratiocination from premises adopted on a mere rough view, and couched in language so vague that it is impossible to say exactly whether they are true or false, philosophers are now forced to understand one another, to break down the generality of their propositions, and join a precise issue in every dispute." (Mill, 1)

Guided by the central principle that morality may defined as the creation, extension…

Works Cited:

California Medical Association (CMA). (1973). Where We Stand -- CMA Position Papers: Abortion. Western Journal of Medicine, 116(6), 42-59.

Mill, J.S. (1838). Bentham. London and Westminster Review. Online at  http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/bentham/bentham 

Rachels, J. (1993). The Utilitarian Approach. The Elements of Moral Philosophy, pg.

91-101. New York: McGraw Hill.

Abortion is an important topic in society because it deals with the matter of life and death. It also deals with the matter of personal rights. Does a woman have the right to terminate a pregnancy? Or does abortion contradict ethics and moral standards that govern society and human beings? The conflict at the heart of the abortion argument is one of rights vs. ethics. On the one hand, those who support for abortion rights say that a woman has the right to choose. On the other hand, those who do not support abortion rights, say that the woman has a duty to carry the child to term because of an ethical and moral obligation. This paper will show how according to ethical and moral perspectives, life should be supported—which means that a woman should not choose to have an abortion because this violates moral law.

What is abortion? Abortion…

Against Euthanasia

Death has always been shrouded in mystery, the constant litanies of myth, science, curiosity, magic, fear, and of course, religion. Just as myths have always wound down to the pragmatic, the real, and core accurate factual reporting - summarily losing the romantic, whimsical, and magical elements - so has the inevitability of human death.

Death is the central theme to life, vitality, order of society, and even powers - through the use of fossil fuels - our industry! When one, therefore, examines death objectively, he or she finds that death is a catalytic contract propelling the core beliefs and motivations of a group of people.

This evaluation seeks to isolate one aspect of death - euthanasia and a person's right to choose the time, place, and circumstance of their death without interference from legal, moral, religious, family, or other groups of social or punitive nature - and defend…

1974 The Euthanasia Society in New York renamed the Society for the Right to Die. The first hospice American hospice opens in New Haven, Conn.

1975 Deeply religious Van Dusens commit suicide. Henry P. Van Dusen, 77, and his wife, Elizabeth, 80, leaders of the Christian ecumenical movement, choose to die rather than suffer from disabling conditions. Their note reads, "We still feel this is the best way and the right way to go."

1975 Dutch Voluntary Euthanasia Society (NVVE) launches its Members' Aid Service to give advice

Ethical Issues Surrounding Abortion

Notwithstanding the laws being passed in various states against a woman's right to chose to terminate her pregnancy, the position of this paper is that Roe v. ade is the law of the land and a woman has the ethical and moral right to decide to have an abortion. There are many positions for and against Roe v. ade, and there are many ethical issues that may be (and in many cases are) embraced on both sides of the issue. But the law of the land vis-a-vis a woman's right to the privacy -- regarding her own values -- when it comes to terminating a pregnancy has been determined by the High Court. As a nurse committed to fairness and ethics in healthcare issues, while I respect the rights of others to practice their own values in opposition to Roe v. ade, I am in support…

Works Cited

Abort73. (2010). U.S. Abortion Statistics. Retrieved April 16, 2012, from  http://www.abort73.com .

Glionna, John M. (2012). Arizona passes law restricting abortion. Los Angeles Times.

Retrieved April 16, 2012, from  http://www.southbendtribune.com .

Jones, K., and Chaloner, C. (2007). Ethics of abortion: the arguments for and against. Nursing Standard, 21(37), 45-48.

This means that the government should fund abortions despite of where they are performed whether in hospitals or clinics. This can be achieved through passing legislation to support pro-choice care for all pregnant women. Allowing abortions only in particular situations is a form of discrimination and in order to ensure that Americans have the necessary system that supports the choice of women to get an abortion, the government needs to pass legislation that funds abortion clinics. This will ensure that all women despite their social class have the right to make decisions about their childbearing and their reproductive health and not leaving this to only those who are able to afford to pay for abortion.

Shortage of abortion providers

There has been a shortage of abortion providers over the years as a result of the lack of experience in conducting abortions for doctors since despite their medical education, they are…

References

Jane Roe, Et Al. V. Henry Wade, District Attorney of Dallas County Roe v. Wade. U.S. Supreme Court 1973.

Haney, J. The Abortion Debate: Understanding the Issues. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Pub Incorporated, 2008. Print.

Henshaw, S.K., and L.B. Finer. "The Accessibility of Abortion Services in the United States, 2001." Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35.1 (2003): 16-24. Print.

Weisberg, D.K. Family Law. New York: Aspen Pub, 2008. Print.

Abortions, in addition to being moral and religious wrong, are wrong for the damage that they can cause the woman physically and the emotional scars. Emotionally at the time of the abortion, the feeling may be of relief from the unwanted child but later the feelings can change to depression or guilt. In later life, the abortion can haunt the person especially if she has more children and she has to think about the one she aborted. The feelings are there regarding would my child have had a brother or a sister. Ask any woman who has lost a child during or after childbirth and they will tell you. YOU NEVER FORGET.

A woman considering abortion should take a good long look at the medical complications that can be faced by an abortion. They can affect the health of a woman at the time of the abortion as well as…

Bibliography

Buzzle.com. (2010). "Anti-abortion arguments - Reasons against abortion." Retrieved on April

20, 2010 from  http://www.buzzle.com/articles/antiabortion-arguments-reasons-against-abortion.html 

Lifestyle.iloveindia.com. (2010). "Reasons against abortion." Retrieved on April

20, 2010 from  http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/reasons-against-abortion-4507.html

Bioethics

Abortion ranks amongst the most widely questionable subjects examined and discussed all through the world today. Is it accurate to say that it is legitimate? Is it precise to say that it is not an ethical decision? These are simply a couple of the inquiries that arise thereto. One thought is that fetus removal is thought to be reasonable when viewed through the utilitarian viewpoint. The discussion that follows will contemplate on that.

Abortion (Debate Basics):

The premature birth deliberation questions if it can be ethically right to bring an end to pregnancy unnaturally (BBC Ethics). Thinker Ted Lockhart offers a practical answer for taking care of moral issues that can help decide whether to go in for abortion (BBC Ethics). Lockhart proposes that we ought to "exercise discretion based on ethically acceptable values" (BBC Ethics). Interpreted in a simplified manner this means that where we need to settle…

References:

1)

"Introduction to the Abortion Debate." BBC. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. .

2)

Singer, Peter. Rethinking Life and Death: The Collapse of Our Traditional Ethics. 1st ed. St. Martins, 1996. Print.

DEFENDING a OMEN'S RIGHT TO CHOOSE ABORTION

Abortion, or the elective termination of pregnancy likely predates recorded human history, being practiced within virtually every society throughout the world.(6)

In 1973, the United States Supreme Court very specifically decided that the United

States Constitution affords a fundamental right to individual privacy that absolutely prohibits governmental interference with a women's autonomous right to seek medical termination of unwanted pregnancy, except where deemed necessary to safeguard the woman's health paternalistically.(4) Ever since the legal issue was decided by the Supreme Court in 1973, a so-called pro-life lobby, spearheaded by religious opposition to any type of abortion has campaigned for and funded the proposition of legislation and policies designed to undermine the rights recognized and established under constitutional law in the United States.

Ultimately, the United States Constitution requires that the appropriate guidelines for defining legally permissible abortion rights and relative concern for the…

Works Cited

1. Abrams, Natalie and Buckner, Michael D. Medical Ethics: A Clinical Textbook and Reference for the Health Care Professionals.

Cambridge: MIT Press, 1983

2. Bronowski, Jacob. Science and Human Values.

New York: Harper & Row, 1965

Abortion on our Communities

Abortion is a controversial issue that has been debated for years without solution. The arguments for and against the issue abound but the cultural, religious, social and personal factors related to abortion are so strong that it becomes impossible to fully satisfy the various groups involved in the debate. While the pro-abortionists claim that the woman has the right to make the choice of giving birth or terminating it the anti-abortionists state that terminating the life of a fetus is murder and giving the right of the decision to one person would cause the downfall of law, value of life and human value as we know it. Yet, giving birth to a child not wanted by the parents creates a whole set of new problems like single parenthood, financial depreciation, child neglect, and urban overcrowding, to name just a few.

Problem Statement:

This research contends that…

According to Ayn and, rights do not relate to a prospective human being, but only to an actual human being. A child cannot attain any right until it is born. It is only on this criterion that we can safeguard the political right of the women to do what she opts for in this matter. No other person including even her husband has the right to influence as to what she may act in respect of her own body. That is a basic principle of right. (Peikoff, 2003)

While many of the endeavors to further confine the abortion rights are justified on the basis of advances being made in fetal medicine, actually they are motivated by a challenge to the right of women to exert regulation over reproduction. eproduction is viewed as a primary activity of the family, a crucial structure that forms society. If women can exercise full option…

References

Abortion: Definition" Retrieved from www.abcbirth.com/lGlossary.html. Accessed 30 October, 2005

Abortion is every woman's right" (23 April 2004) pp: 6-7. Retrieved at http://www.socialistworker.org/2004-1/496/496_06_Abortion.shtml. Accessed 30 October, 2005 woman's right to choose: Workers Power 299" (October 2005) Retrieved at  http://workerspower.com/index.php?id=83,812,0,0,1,0Accessed  31 October, 2005

Choice: Defending a Fundamental American Freedom" Retrieved at  http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/generation/faq.cfmAccessed  30 October, 2005

Definitions and associated Formulas" Retrieved at http://scangis.dhec.sc.gov/scan/pregnancy/support/pregndefn.htm. Accessed 30 October, 2005

Why Abortion Should be AbolishedIntroductionAbortion is legalized infanticide. It is the legal practice of murdering a child growing in the mothers womb. It has been justified on the grounds that a woman has a right to choose whether she wants to nurture the life that has been conceived inside her. The issue is debated because it is controversial; however, the two sides of the debate do not see the issue of abortion in the same terms. Those who are pro-abortion (pro-choice) tend to frame the issue in terms of rights, whereas those who are pro-life (anti-abortion) tend to frame the issue in terms of duty. Some pro-choice advocates also seek to justify their position by referring to matters of health and safety, arguing that if abortion would abolished, women would be using coat hangers (unhealthy) to kill their children in the wombso at least abortion clinics offer a safe and…

Works CitedCavanaugh, Lynn. A Brief History: The Four Waves of Feminism. ProgressiveWomens Leadership, 2018.  https://www.progressivewomensleadership.com/a-brief-history-the-four-waves-of-feminism/ . Accessed 2 May 2021.Christian Life Resources. US Abortion Statistics by Year. Christian Life Resources,2021.  https://christianliferesources.com/2021/01/19/u-s-abortion-statistics-by-year-1973-current/ . Accessed 2 May 2021.Rogers, Jay. Is the Heartbeat Bill Pro-Life or Pro-Abortion? The Forerunner, 2020. https://www.forerunner.com/blog/is-the-heartbeat-bill-pro-life-or-pro-abortion . Accessed 2 May 2021.Seven Pillars Institute. Moral Theories. Seven Pillars Institute. https://sevenpillarsinstitute.org/ethics-101/moral-traditions/ . Accessed 2 May 2021.Totten, Gloria. Ohios Heartbeat Bill is Unconscionable and Unconstitutional. TheHill, 2016.  https://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/healthcare/310167-ohios-heartbeat-bill-is-unconscionable-and-unconstitutional?rl=1 . Accessed 2 May 2021.

Changing Abortion Guidlines

Abortion and the constitution

Changing abortion guidelines

Abortion is the deliberate termination of human pregnancy; this process is performed the first 3 weeks of pregnancy. According to oe v. Wade it states that a woman is entitled to personal privacy protection, this is due to the fact that it includes the woman's determination of whether to bear a child or not. The judicial oversight of legislation was increased by the Courts under the privacy line of the cases; consideration was of abortion related laws in all the States of America (Sarah, K. 2010).

Looking at the historical review of medical and legal views concerning abortion, the Courts found out that the modern prohibitions were not in line with the recent vintage thus lacking historical foundation that would have played a fundamental role of preserving them constitutional review (Edward, L. 2002). The Courts also discovered that the word…

Reference&jsid=35fb63d25e859534bf4b3e83a1612fd7&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE|EJ3010869101&u=gotitans&zid=8964d7a809f6af6e50266c6770742729

Edward, Lazarus. The Lingering Problems with Roe v. Wade, 2002. Retrieved on May 20, 2014  http://writ.corporate.findlaw.com/lazarus/20021003.html 

Sarah Kliff, Remember Roe!, NEW SWEE K. MAGAZINE, 2010. Retrieved on May 20, 2014  http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2010/04/15/remember-roe.html

Establishment owners who have been interviewed say that most of these men are highly educated family men, who frequent the establishment by day and then return home to their families at night. Women who try to maintain legitimate relationships with men find more and more that their partners are visiting these brothels and sex establishments (aymond, 2003).

Legalization Does Not Protect Women's Health

The legalization of prostitution mandates that the women submit to health checks and certifications, but does not require this from male consumers. This makes no sense at all since women oftentimes contract the disease from the men. The women are not protected from contracting HIV, AIDS, or other STDs. This is not to support that both the prostitutes and male consumers be checked -- it simply points out the ridiculousness that the policy implies. "A regulated and decriminalized system of prostitution will promote safer sex and HIV…

References

Gerdes, L. (2007). Policies favoring legalization encourage prostitution and sex trafficking. At Issue: What are the causes of Prostitution? Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Opposing Viewpoints Resource.

Raymond, J. (2003). Ten Reasons for not Legalizing Prostitution. Journal of Trauma Practice. Haworth Press, Inc.

Roleff, T.L. (2006). Legalization and decriminalization of prostitution would not help prostitutes. Contemporary Issues Companion: Prostitution. Greenhaven Press. From Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center.

Abortion

Over the years, given the awareness and exposure that came with the advent of media and the internet, human societies and cultural norms across the globe have evolved from being very conservative to moderate to liberal. With apparent increases in literacy rates, standards of living and awareness in general, people around the world have reconsidered many of their notions and have adopted more liberal approaches towards social norms and myths. That said, despite of moving towards liberal broad minded cultural notions, the practice of Abortion still attracts intensive debates in both developed and less developed societies. This paper particularly focuses on the degree to which poverty is related to the practice of Abortion and how this relationship does implicates on the lives of poor women. The paper also aims at proposing a policy that would help in tackling the said problem.

Introduction

As medical sciences evolved and progressed for…

References

Bachiochi, E. (2011). Embodied Equality: Debunking Equal Protection Arguments for Abortion Rights. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 34(3), 889+.

Bridges, K.M. (2009). Quasi-Colonial Bodies: An Analysis of the Reproductive Lives of Poor Black and Racially Subjugated Women. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, 18(2), 609+.

Kopaczynski, G. (2011). No Higher Court: Contemporary Feminism and the Right to Abortion. Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press.

Kumar, A. (2012, February 2). House votes to ban subsidies for poor women who abort fetuses with birth defects. The Washington Post. Retrieved from The Washington Post Database.

The right of autonomy is also influenced by individualistic ideology of capitalism which other feminist point out is male-biased. Feminists seek to free themselves from perspectives that devalue women and deny them opportunities to explore their thoughts and experiences. For this reason, some feminists have joined the anti-abortion side because the issue of autonomy is not acceptable in a liberal society. According to olf-Devine, she argues that abortion is the response of men to deal with problems caused by unwanted pregnancy and will therefore be problematic for those trying to support feminist perspective as the moral response and that even the feminist perspective on abortion generates strong presumptions as a way of reacting towards unwanted pregnancy Moghadam 91()

The killing of an unborn baby can never be justified under any circumstance because it does not provide a solution to the situation that lead to conception. Illegalization of an abortion implies…

Work cited  http://celiawolfdevine.com/pdf/Abortion-and-the-Feminine-Voice.pdf >Bernstein, Richard J, and Christopher J. Voparil. The Rorty Reader. 2010.

Defense of Abortion

The author of this piece, Judith Jarvis Thompson, supports abortion, she uses descriptive assumptions creatively, and she makes dramatic -- even outrageous -- examples as juxtapositions to develop her argument and make her points. She also employs value assumptions that are effective in her narrative. But Thompson's theses and her Socratic style of argument carry the most weight as she turns of the positions of the "pro-life" movement upside down as a way to make her own positions shine. Thompson presents all of this two years before the U.S. Supreme Court's historic Roe v. ade decision, which is impressive in hindsight, given the intensity of the ongoing debate on abortion.

Is the fetus a human being from the time of conception?

In her first paragraph, Thompson notes that people are expected by pro-life proponents to say that the "fetus us a person from the moment of conception."…

Works Cited

Thompson, Judith Jarvis. "A Defense of Abortion." Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1, no. 1.

Et al. "Psychological Responses of Women After First-Trimester Aortion." Arch Gen Psychiatry. Volume 57.8 (2000): 777-84. Lexis Nexis

Rearden, David C. "Aortion and Susequent Sustance Ause." The Journal of Drug and Alcohol Ause. Vol 26.1 (2000): 61-75. Wiley Online Lirary

Rosen, Gerald; Spitzer, Roert; McHugh, Paul. "Prolems with the post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis and its future in DSM-V." British Journal of Psychology. Volume 192 (2008): 3-4. Hard Copy

Speckhard, Anne; Rue, Vincent. "Complicated mourning: Dynamics of impacted post aortion grief." Journal of Prenatal Psychology Health. Volume 8.1 (1993): 32

Speckhard, Anne; Rue, Vincent. "Postaortion Syndrome: An Emerging Pulic Health Concern." Journal of Social Issues. Volume 48.3 (2010): 95-119. Referenced in Government Study

Government Report

"Mental Health and Aortion." American Psychology Association. 2008. We. 25 Fe. 2012.

bibliography with verifiable peer reviewed studies. It was simply a summery of the work, similar to some of the peer reviewed sources. Finally, the popular news article was also less accurate and more of an opinion piece and the author's bias were very obvious.

The pro-life arguments state that a fetus is in fact a real-life person in the making. Is true there's no supporting scientific evidence for the beginning of personhood, but what if an unborn child has a soul and can actually feel pain? Isn't then artificial abortion a crime? Just because we are not sure, we should take the most radical solution that we can and are allowed to by law?

This is the first solid argument to sustain the moral impermissibility of induced abortion. Because having an abortion equals the death of a life growing inside, as a natural result of unprotected sexual intercourse. It is therefore considered that the new life, the fetus, did not have a choice. And having an artificial abortion furthermore deprives him/her of the right to chose (whether to live or not). So, if it's about the right to chose and the freedom to decide…

Works Cited

Abortion." Wikipedia. 2007. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 21 April 2007.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion 

Abortion debate." Wikipedia. 2007. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 22 April 2007.

partial birth abortion, many pro-choice advocates point to a woman's right to choose as the basis for its existence, however, a woman's right to choose should never override the rules against committing murder.

Partial birth abortions are not new. They were medically defined in the early 1800's and that definition is extremely telling as to its intent. In 1833, partial birth abortions were defined as "an abortion in which the person performing the abortion partially vaginally delivers a living fetus before killing the fetus and completing the delivery (What is a Partial-Birth Abortion? (http://www.ewtn.com/library/ISSUES/PATBIT.TXT)."

For one to understand how partial birth abortions constitute murder, one needs to know the medical procedure involved. In a partial birth abortion, the fetus is located through ultrasound. The physician uses forceps to grab one of the legs of the fetus and begins to drag it down through the birth canal until everything but the…

References

Judge to let witness say fetus feels abortion pain

The Record (Bergen County, NJ); 3/23/2004; LARRY NEUMEISTER, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

The Record (Bergen County, NJ)

What is a Partial-Birth Abortion?

Cons of Abortion

After three decades of legalized abortion in the United States, it is still a controversial topic (Earll, 2003). Many abortion supporters do not understand why the nation is still divided on the topic after all this time. According to Sammon (2002): "Abortion is one of those issues that will be argued forever with never an answer agreed upon by competing factions. It's a debate that manages to combine medicine, technology, morals, politics and religion all in one bitter brew." This paper aims to determine what drives this ongoing opposition to abortion.

Abortion Issues

A 2002 Gallup poll found that a majority of Americans consider abortion to be morally wrong (Earll, 2003). According to a Los Angeles Times survey, fifty-seven percent of Americans "consider abortion to be murder." Many Americans who are opposed to abortion base their view on a moral code derived from Judeo-Christian teachings, particularly the…

Bibliography

Earll, Carrie. (September 9, 2003). What's Wrong with Abortion? Focus on Social Issues. www.family.org/pregnancy and www.feministsforlife.org.

Foster, J. (1985). Personhood And the Ethics of Abortion. Abortion And the Sanctity of Human Life. Ed. J.H. Channer. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. 31-53.

Shettles, Landrum, and David Rorvik. (1986). Human Life Begins At Conception. Abortion- Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. St. Paul: Greenhaven Press. 16-22.

Garlikov, Richard. (2002). The Abortion Debate. Retrieved from the Internet at:  http://www.garlikov.com/writings.htm .