In light of the knowledge provided by these case studies, it is important to note certain flaws in the methodology of each cases study. The study in the case of midlife neuroticism, the researchers do not take into account pre- existing conditions such the brain structure and function associated with greater neuroticism. Failure to proper diagnosis might lead to early presentation of Alzheimer's disease in response to pathology. As for establishing a relationship between Alzheimer's disease and African-Americans, this case study provides great insight however the sample is not representative of that ethnic population. Next, studies also considered paralleling Alzheimer's disease with impaired awareness deficit and neuro-psychiatric symptoms in early Alzheimer's, researchers used a bias sample group in the sense that the participants in this study had also participated in psychosocial intervention this is clearly selection bias which renders the results of this study however great unreliable as for the…...
Alzheimer's
This brief report is a summary and review of the rather nasty degenerative brain disorder that is known as Alzheimer's. The disease has been known about for a decent amount of time but the overall progress come to when it comes to preventing or curing the disorder has become remained frustratingly slow. Even so, progress is indeed being made and more is now known about the disorder than was before. This report will explore the possible known causes of the disease, the symptoms, the treatments that current exist and the general prognosis for those that contract the disorder. While the disease eventually runs its course once contracted at this time, there does seem to be progress with staving it off and/or slowing it down.
Analysis
Many people are familiar with the general disorder that has come to be known as dementia. Indeed, Alzheimer's is a form of dementia. In total, about 4.5…...
Scientists are racing to find a cure as millions of people reach the age when Alzheimer's is most commonly manifested (Plontz).
Experts are still trying to fully understand the cause or causes of Alzheimer's disease. In the meantime, it's helpful to understand the hallmarks of Alzheimer's -- plaques and tangles -- and the risk factors that affect a person's likelihood of developing the disease (Hill).
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a build-up of proteins in the brain. Though this cannot be measured in a living person, extensive autopsy studies have revealed this phenomenon. The build-up manifests in two ways: Plaques -- deposits of the protein accumulate in the spaces between nerve cells. Tangles -- deposits of the protein that accumulate inside of nerve cells.
Scientists are still studying how plaques and tangles are related to Alzheimer's disease. One theory is that they block nerve cells' ability to communicate with each other, making…...
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Bibliography
Hill, Carrie. "What Causes Alzheimer's Disease?" 4 Mar 2009. about.com. 5 May 2009 .
"history." n.d. alzheimers.factsforhealth.org. 8 May 2009 .
"Living With Alzheimer's." n.d. alzheimerstreatment.org. 8 May 2009 .
Plontz, Michael. "A Brief History of Alzheimer's Disease." n.d. caregiver.com. 8 May 2009 .
Elder Adults
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disease that is irreversible and progressive which destroys memory and thinking skills slowly and eventually the ability of carrying out even the simplest tests.in most people with Alzheimer's, the symptoms first appear when one is over the age of 60 years. This is the most common cause of dementia among old people (Alzheimer's Association,2012).
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's in elderly adult
As we have seen, age is the greatest risk factor of Alzheimer's disease.it is estimated that one in every fourteen people who are above the age of 65 years and one in every six people who are over the age of 80 years has Alzheimer's disease. Another study shows that one in nine people who are 65 years and older which is estimated as 11% have Alzheimer's disease. The same study shows that a third of people who are over the age of 85 years…...
More is learned every day in the field of medicine and nursing, and articles such as this one serve to point out that there is much more that needs to be learned. Serving the elderly population with Alzheimer's disease and treating them for their problems is often quite difficult, but the information in the article regarding what behaviors to look for in individuals that cannot express their pain verbally is very important for many that work in nursing homes, and for others that work with elderly Alzheimer's disease patients.
The article also helps to reinforce existing knowledge in that the instruments that are used to report pain in the elderly population have been seen for some time to be largely insufficient for many patients. For those that still communicate relatively well, this is not so much of a problem, but for patients that cannot verbally and correctly express where they…...
Bally, K., Campbell, D., Chesnick, K., & Tranmer, J.E. (2003). Effects of patient-controlled music therapy during coronary angiography. Critical Care Nurse, 23(2): 50-58.
In fact, many researchers believed that free radicals, produced when the body burns oxygen to produce energy consumed in food, may be at cause. Free radicals are believed to damage brain cells by taking electrons away from the body's healthy molecules to balance themselves. A few 'free radicals' is not a problem.
IF there are too many free radicals, the 'oxidative damage' affects the brain causing AD symptoms (Healing with Nutrition eb site).
Other risk factors
Odle (2003) notes that if a person has a first-degree relative (parent, sibling) with AD, that person's relative risk of getting it is about 3.5, or that person is 3.5 times more likely than the rest of us to develop AD. hen the number of first-degree relatives rises to two or more, the relative risk rises to about 7.5.
In addition, people with Down syndrome, who have an extra APP gene, which is located on the 21 chromosomes,…...
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Works Cited
Alzheimers head injury risk." Australasian Business Intelligence, 2002, Unpaged. 25 ct. 2005 http://www.highbeam.com .
Barker D, Osmond C, Simmonds S, Wield G. "The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in later life." BMJ 306:422-426 (1993).
Bick KL. "The early story of Alzheimer disease." In: Terry, RD, Katzman R, Bick KL, Sisodia SS, eds. Alzheimer Disease. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999:1-10.
Blank, Robert H. "Brain Scan: Studying the Human Brain Reveals Complex Issues. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, 1998;13,3:90+.
Neuropsychological and Genetic Factors Surrounding Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a debilitating illness that interferes with an individual's ability to recall short-term and long-term memory. People diagnosed with the disease can initially recall recent activities though they have difficulties with long-term memory. However, these patients have difficulties with short- and long-term memory over time as the disease develops. Given the increase in the number of people diagnosed with this condition, Alzheimer's disease is regarded as the most common type of dementia among the elderly. This clinical condition is basically caused by neurodegeneration and surrounded by a progressive decline in mental ability as well as difficulties in independent living. This paper focuses on examining the neuropsychological and genetic factors surrounding the illness, early signs of the disease, and possible cures to the debilitating disease.
Brief History of Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease has a history that can be traced back to over 100 years ago…...
Femminella, G.D., Ferrara, N. & Rengo, G. (2015, February 12). The Emerging Role of microRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(40), 1-5.
Huang et. al. (2015, July). Neurorestorative Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology India, 63(4), 583-588.
S. will see average 44% increase in Alzheimer's disease by 2025.
Type of information: This fact sheet describes the potential for growth in cases of Alzheimer's disease in the first quarter of this century.
Specific Detail: 1. Southeastern and estern states will see the largest increases in Alzheimer's through 2025.
2. U.S. Census data notes that the number of Americans age 65 and over will double by 2025
3. Utah will see a 127% increase in Alzheimer's disease, Alaska hundred and 26% increase, the Colorado will see 124% increase.
4. Only the District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island will not see an increase in Alzheimer's disease.
5. Close to 7.7 million people are estimated to have Alzheimer's disease by the year 2025.
Source Rating: 3. At dependable source for information on increases of Alzheimer's disease.
Source: Alzheimer's Association. Facts About Genes and Alzheimer's disease. 09 November 2004. http://www.alz.org/grtrcinc/aahatGeneticTesting.htm
Type of information: A great overview of Alzheimer's disease and…...
Alzheimer's Disease
The author of this report has been asked to lay out a "well-orchestrated" approach to treating someone that is living with Alzheimer's disease. As would be the case with many to most disorders, there are both lifestyle measures as well as pharmacological methods that could and should be used when it comes to the treatment of Alzheimer's. There is no cure for Alzheimer's. Even so, the medical field is progressing as it relates to treating the disorder, perhaps slowing it down, minimizing the nasty effects and perhaps someday curing it. hile a cure is not known right now, there are specific things that should be done for an Alzheimer's patient.
As indicated in the introduction, there are going to be two major aspects of giving relief to someone with Alzheimer's. There are the general care options and then there are the drug-related options. Also as noted in the introduction, there…...
Alzheimer's Inpatient Facility
The main goal of this Alzheimer's inpatient facility is to provide a suitable alternative for outside care of patients suffering from the condition. Through this process, the facility will help caregivers and families to avoid the burdens associated with providing care for Alzheimer's patients, especially emotional stress and depression. The proposed project will specifically focus on obeson County in North Carolina, which has only one fully-equipped Alzheimer's unit that care for patients with this condition as well as dementia. In order for the proposed project to achieve its respective goals and objectives, the development of an effective operation plan and establishing effective management policies and practices is crucial.
Operational Plan
The operation plan for this Alzheimer's Agency will incorporate daily operations, detailed description of the type of location for the facility, legal aspects for operation, handling customers, and personnel. With regards to the daily operations of the business, the facility…...
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References
NC Division of Health Service Regulation. (2014, September 5). Establishing a Nursing Home. Retrieved from North Carolina's Division of Health Service website: http://www2.ncdhhs.gov/dhsr/nhlcs/flonh.htm
A. Harvard Women's Health Watch (2010) Preserving and improving memory as we age. Feb 1: NA
B. This is an article that is written directly to consumers who are over the age of 50 and are starting to notice changes in the ability to remember things. It addresses the fact that this wrongly causes fear in some people that they are prone toward Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that cognitive decline and the risk of dementia can be maintained with general health habits, such as staying physically active, getting enough sleep, not smoking, having good social connections, limiting alcohol to one drink a day, and eating a balanced diet low in saturated and trans fats. The article provides a number of different ways that people can improve their cognitive abilities, such as blocking: When someone is asked a question and the cannot immediately respond -- the answer is on the tip…...
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References
Ajamian, P.C. (2010) Keep Alzheimer's in mind; if optometrists could identify early Alzheimer's disease in just 1% of their patients, 500,000 people could be helped. Review of Optometry 147(2): 105-107
) Researcher believe that when Alzheimer's begins to attack, it hits the "factory" of cell groups that otherwise are functioning perfectly. There are breakdowns in the communications that the cell groups hitherto provided, and although scientists don't know precisely where the attack is first launched by Alzheimer's, but they do understand that "as the damage spreads, cells lose their ability to do their jobs and, eventually die, causing irreversible changes in the brain" (www.alz.org).
Prime "suspects" in that attack on the cell groups are "plaques and tangles," AA explains. Plaques are deposits of a certain protein called "betaamyloid" (pronounced "BAY-tuh AM-uh-loyd"); the protein fragments build up in the spaces between the nerve cells. Tangles are "twisted fibers" from a different protein called "tau" (that rhymes with "wow") that build up inside the nerve cells. It is known that all humans develop tangles and plaques to some degree, but those who are…...
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Works Cited
Alzheimer's Association. (2010). Major Milestones in Alzheimer's Research. Retrieved Nov. 2,
At the current time, no clinical studies have been conducted that use a randomized sample and strict controls in relation to the use of statins to prevent and control Alzheimer's Disease. The proposed research intends to fill this important research gap and conduct a clinical study that compares the development of Alzheimer's Disease between patients that use statins and a group that does not use statins for a specified amount of time. These two groups will not be using statins for control of coronary artery disease, to eliminate any confounding variables that may be a result of CAD and Alzheimer's. Patients will be given statins for the sole purpose of preventing and/or controlling Alzheimer's disease.
The purpose of the proposed research is to provide reliable research that examines the potential for use of statins to control Alzheimer's Disease. The research will be conducted using strict clinical controls and under the…...
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References
Algotsson, a. & Winblad, B. (2004). Patients with Alzheimer's Disease May Be Particularly Susceptible to Adverse Effects of Statins. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 17: 109-116. PubMed.
Hoglund, K. & Blennow, K. (2007). Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on ?-amyloid peptide levels: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. CNS drugs. 21 (6): 449-462. PubMed.
Jick, H., Zornberg, G., & Jick, S. et al. (2000). Statins and the risk of dementia
If a client is in the first or second stages of the disease they are often more able to participate. However, even in the third stages the client may benefit from the therapy though will often be more passive in that participation (Vail, 2000).
Experts in the field believe there is an added benefit to music therapy in Alzheimer's clients. In addition to the scientific brain changes that have been documented, experts believe music also helps to trigger happy memories for client's who otherwise may not have the ability to retrieve them (Play a Song, or Sing Along, for Alzheimer's (http://www.alzinfo.org/news/NewsArticle2-9-2006-11-55-AM.aspx).
emembering past events is a strength building exercise for the brain and one that often has a positive impact on Alzheimer's patients (Play a Song, or Sing Along, for Alzheimer's (http://www.alzinfo.org/news/NewsArticle2-9-2006-11-55-AM.aspx).
The research has also shown that the area of the brain that stores musical abilities is usually not impacted by…...
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References
Tapping the Power of Music for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease; Drummer Mickey Hart Relays Personal Experience in Vantage (TM). PR Newswire; 4/5/2005 NEW YORK, April 5 / PRNewswire/
Music & Alzheimer's - music therapy as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease
Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, April, 2001 by Jule Klotter
Alzheimer's Disease
Stages of Alzheimer's and Activities for people with Dementia
Stages and Symptoms of Alzheimer's
Alzheimer's Stage 1: No Cognitive Impairment
Alzheimer's Stage 2: Very Mild Cognitive Decline
Alzheimer's Stage 3: Mild Cognitive Decline
Alzheimer's Stage 4: Moderate Cognitive Decline
Alzheimer's Stage 5: Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline
Alzheimer's Stage 6: Severe Cognitive Decline
Alzheimer's Stage 7: Very Severe Cognitive Decline
Activities for people suffering from Dementia
The Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative disease which affects the brain and leads to impaired thinking and memory processes. It is the most common kind of dementia. Dementia is a syndrome that involves symptoms like loss of memory and judgment, failure to reason and extreme changes in moods, behavior and communication ability.
This disease was first recognized by Dr. Alois Alzheimer back in 1906. He identified this disease by describing two hallmarks of the disease. Firstly, there were the "plaques" which refer to the millions of micro deposits that can be found in the…...
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Work Cited:
Ballard C, Neill D. Anxiety, Depression and Psychosis in vascular dementia: prevalence and associations, 2000.
Hancock GA, Challis. The needs of older people with dementia in residential care. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2005.
Improved oral health care can greatly benefit individuals living with dementia in the following ways 1. Pain management Good oral hygiene can help prevent dental issues such as cavities, gum disease, and infections that can cause pain and discomfort. Individuals with dementia may not be able to communicate their pain effectively, so preventing oral health problems can help reduce their pain and improve their quality of life. 2. Nutrition Poor oral health can make it difficult for individuals with dementia to eat properly, leading to malnutrition and other health issues. By maintaining good oral hygiene, individuals with dementia can better....
1. Plants have developed a fascinating array of chemical defenses to protect themselves from various threats such as herbivores, pathogens, and environmental stressors. These chemical compounds not only play a crucial role in the survival of plants but also have the potential to benefit human health through their unique properties. Researchers have increasingly turned their attention to exploring the therapeutic potential of plant chemical defenses in medical treatments and therapies. By harnessing the power of these natural compounds, scientists aim to develop new drugs, supplements, and therapies that could effectively combat various diseases and improve human health.
Bilingualism has long been a topic of interest in cognitive science and neuroscience due to its potential impact on cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve refers to the brains ability to withstand damage or aging before cognitive deficits become apparent. Research has shown that bilingualism can have significant effects on cognitive reserve from both cognitive and neural perspectives. From a cognitive perspective, bilingualism has been associated with enhanced cognitive abilities such as attention, executive functions, and working memory. Bilingual individuals have been found to have better inhibitory control and task-switching abilities compared to monolinguals. The constant need to switch between languages and....
In conclusion, the quality of sleep has a significant impact on cognitive health. Studies have shown that individuals who consistently get a good nights sleep have better cognitive function, memory, concentration, and overall mental health. On the other hand, sleep deprivation can lead to impaired cognitive abilities, difficulty making decisions, and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers. Therefore, prioritizing a consistent and restful sleep routine is essential for maintaining and improving cognitive health. Good quality sleep is not only important for physical health but also for maintaining sharp cognitive function and overall well-being.
Sources
Sleep and Cognitive Function Implications....
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