In preceding years, numerous studies on the battered woman syndrome, or BWS, have been presented to sustain and expose the bitter realities on battered women. The rational of this paper is to present information in relation to the nature of aggressive relationships, as well as the psychological consequences ensuing from recurring abuse. Specially, studies and laws relating to the battered woman syndrome are highlighted to elucidate the occurrence of repeated abuse that formed a battered woman's insights and rulings, making her belief that she was in danger of impending death or physical injury.
Public consideration to the dilemma of domestic violence has risen over the past two decades. esearchers and practitioners have measured the dilemma and its prospective solutions employing both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. More lately, public-policy makers have united in the attempt. However, even though the attention has augmented, the dilemma perseveres. The general…...
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References
American Bar Association. (1994). The Impact of Domestic Violence on women. Chicago: American Bar Association.
Astin M.C., K. Lawrence, G. Pincus, and D. Foy. (1990). Moderator Variables for PTSD Among Battered Women. Paper presented at the convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans.
Bachman R. (1994). Violence Against Women: A National Crime Victimization Survey Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). (1994). Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1992. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
According to the study, men were overall more likely to experience only emotional abuse than were women, while women experienced more power-and-control abuse along with other types of partner violence (Frieden pp). Furthermore, men who had experienced only verbal abuse were much more likely to carry a gun for protection than women in that category (Frieden pp). According to Ditter, results from other studies of emotional abuse also indicate that it can be very harmful (Frieden pp).
Investigators in one study found that all of the twenty-five emotional abuse subjects that were studied had three sequelae of "battered woman's syndrome" six months after leaving their partners, 'including trauma symptoms, low self-esteem, and a paradoxical attachment to the former partner," while another study revealed that the victims of even severe intimate partner violence reported psychological humiliation as their worst battering experience (Frieden pp).
A report from the American Psychological Association Task Force…...
Criminal Defense -- Mental Insanity / Georgia v. Randolph / Fernandez v. California
hat defenses, if any, were used in these cases? (Georgia v. Randolph) Scott Randolph wanted the cocaine possession thrown out because he said he did not give permission; however Georgia defended the search because the consent of one "joint occupant…who has common authority," is consistent with the Fourth Amendment and with U.S. v. Matlock. However, the High Court ruled that when co-occupants are not in agreement as to letting police search, the search is then illegal. In the Fernandez v. California case, the High Court argued that if the police were restricted from getting permission from the girlfriend -- and had to ask the suspect to grant a search -- that would "impose unnecessary restrictions on law enforcement."
How did these cases impact law enforcement and prosecutors? The decision in Fernandez v. California overturned Georgia v. Randolph, so basically…...
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Works Cited
Cipparone, R.C. (1987). The Defense of Battered Women Who Kill. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. 135(524). Retrieved July 30, 2015, from http://www.scholarship.law.upenn.edu.
Supreme Court of the United States. (2005). Georgia v. Randolph. Retrieved Malo, A., Barach, M.P., and Levin, J.A. (2010). The Temporary Insanity Defense in California. PLRI Public Law Research Institute. Retrieved July 30, 2015, from http://www.gov.uchastings.edu.
Supreme Court of the United States. (2014). Fernandez v. California. Retrieved July 30, 2015, from http://www.scotusblog.com .
Cassandra: Case Study
There is evidence that substance abuse and other mental disorders associated with substance abuse such as anxiety and depression have strong genetic links. In the case of Cassandra, her father and her brother both have had substance abuse issues. For example, "a NIDA-sponsored study of alcohol dependent patients treated with naltrexone found that patients with a specific variant in an opioid receptor gene, Asp40, had a significantly lower rate of relapse (26.1%) than patients with the Asn40 variant (47.9%)" (Genetics of addiction, 2008, NIDA). However, the genetics of addiction are not like the genetics of sickle cell anemia, in which a single, targeted variation causes the illness. At best, there are certain genetic patterns which increase the tendency to develop certain addictions, in the presence of other social factors.
Cultural influences, such as an environment where addiction is the norm rather than the exception can lead genetically vulnerable people…...
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References
Depression and anxiety facts, treatment and prevention. (2013). UHC. Retrieved from:
Battered Women
The problem of internal hostility and shabby women has been a matter of great concern that attracted increasing concentration in both nationally and worldwide in the course of media campaigns, legislation initiatives, and research performed in fields like criminal justice, social science, and women's studies. (McWhirter, 120) It is estimated that on an average one women is physical abused by her husband in every 7.4 seconds in the United States. The hostility at home is considered to be the most significant cause of hurting the women who are in the health care system. With the passage of time the battering of women is growing in intensity and also in occurrence with the 75% of battering women being victimized in more than one number of cases. (Leon, 36) About 20 to 25% of married women have acknowledged the fact of physical abuse in the Identifying Battered Women National Surveys. About…...
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References
Capellaro, Catherine. Help for Battered Immigrant Women - National Network for Battered Immigrant Women. The Progressive. July, 1997. pp: 6-8
Clarke, T. Identifying Battered Women. American Family Physician. May, 1989. Volume: 7; No: 1; pp: 64-68
McWhirter, Ellen Hawley. Applying Social Cognitive Career Theory to the Empowerment of Battered Women. Journal of Counseling and Development. September, 2003. Volume: 12; No: 1; pp: 120-125
Mirands, D. Battered Women: Why Do They Stay?. Psychology Today. May-June, 1992. Volume: 6; No: 1; pp: 47-53
The Macy et al. (nd) research, coupled with the lack of federal support for a nationwide network of services, point to one of the root causes of domestic violence: gender inequity. Gender equality remains elusive in a society that claims otherwise. Learned helplessness and financial dependence are both linked to traditional gender roles and norms for behavior. Domestic abuse has long been considered a "private" issue: one that rarely surfaces until the problem escalates into ancillary issues including alcohol and drug abuse that demand help seeking (Macy et al. nd). Because of the stigma surrounding victims of domestic violence and because of the lack of sufficient social censuring of domestic violence, women who seek counseling for a substance abuse problems are unlikely to bring up their domestic violence issues. In extreme cases, battered women syndrome leads to what should be a preventable murder. atifying initiatives like CEDAW sends a clear…...
Helplessness (Domestic Violence)
Domestic violence is a social problem of epidemic proportions in the United States. This is evident by the fact that it is estimated that anywhere between two to four million women are battered each year. Often, the battering results in severe physical injury requiring hospitalization and emergency care (NOW, para 2). The magnitude of the problem has led to societal help and interventional measures being made available to help women who are victimized by domestic violence. Yet, there are many women who choose to stay in abusive relationships primarily due to a psychological condition, which is termed as the "battered woman syndrome." Viewed as a subcategory of post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), the "battered woman syndrome" hypothesizes that the ongoing trauma suffered by battered women leads to development of coping mechanisms, which make her unable to predict the results of her actions, and so, she acts in…...
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References
Dewdney, P., & Harris, R.M. Barriers to Information: How Formal Help Systems Fail
Battered Women. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
NOW. Violence Against Women in the United States. National Organization for Women
People v. Goetz (1986)
1. Give an overview of the case.
The controversial People v. Goetz (1986) involves the Defendant, Bernhard Goetz (Defendant) who shot and injured four young black men on a subway train in the Bronx. Four black youths, Troy Canty, Darryl Cabey, James Ramseur and Barry Allen were riding the subway train; two of the youths had screwdrivers hidden on their person, later admitting the intention of using these screwdrivers to unscrew the coin boxes attached to arcade games. The defendant was also riding the train and had an unlicensed .38 caliber pistol, a gun he had procured in 1981. Canty approached Goetz with possibly one of the other young men beside him, and said, “Give me five dollars”: there was no use of force nor was their a display of a weapon. The Defendant answered by standing and releasing four shots from his unlicensed gun, the one that…...
Let such programs fund themselves through private charitable contributions. If they're justified they'll survive.
Laws and policies should be reformed so they protect all the rights and due process for both men and women equally.
In concluding, justice and fairness can only be attained and preserved where we rely on the judgment of people as jurors. hen we subtly suggest that they defer to expertise in human behavior for a judgment we're in for trouble.
A great deal of propaganda can be created these days to force people to think in a way they normally - and healthfully -- wouldn't. The abuse syndrome defense has gone beyond fairness. It's acceptance has triggered an enormous amount of unfairness in society -- aside from what the propanganda would have you know.
orks Cited
Bartholomew, K., Regan, K.V., Oram, D., & hite, M.A. (2008). Correlates of Partner Abuse in Male Same-sex Relationships. Violence and Victims, 23(3), 344+.…...
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Works Cited
Bartholomew, K., Regan, K.V., Oram, D., & White, M.A. (2008). Correlates of Partner Abuse in Male Same-sex Relationships. Violence and Victims, 23(3), 344+. Retrieved April 3, 2010, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5035306243
Brady, B.M. (2000). America in Crisis: Mind Control/ritual Trauma/battered Woman Syndrome and Family Violence. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 92(5), 17+. Retrieved March 30, 2010, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5035443839
Goldberg, K. (1993, Winter). Battered Women Syndrome: the Imperfect Defense. Herizons, 6, 7+. Retrieved March 30, 2010, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5036658951
Schuller, R.A., Wells, E., Rzepa, S., & Klippenstine, M.A. (2004). Rethinking Battered Woman Syndrome Evidence: the Impact of Alternative Forms of Expert Testimony on Mock Jurors' Decisions. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 36(2), 127+. Retrieved March 30, 2010, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5035492407
Cause of Domestic Violence
Prior to November 2, 1987, a good part of America was laboring under the myth that domestic violence was something that happened to poor people. This assumption had much to do with the fact that poor people utilized community resources to deal with domestic violence, while the wealthy had the resources to keep domestic violence, and its solution, a dirty little secret. However, on November 2, 1987 that myth was exploded. Responding to a phone call that a child had stopped breathing, the police found a dying little girl, a boy tied to a playpen with a length of rope, and a severely battered mother. The little girl, Lisa Steinberg, was later pronounced brain dead and the world began to understand what went on behind the doors of the Steinberg/Nussbaum home.
One of questions that the A Family Secret: The Death of Lisa Steinberg attempts to answer is…...
To remove women survivors of intimate partner violence to a stable and theological mindsetIntroductionife abuse is not desirable, but at times it is not inevitable. Many wife abuse incidences occur mainly in bad marriages. Domestic violence occurs to all women of all races, religions, and economic statuses, with many data showing the devastating effects of domestic violence on the wrecked women\\\'s lives. Men are also casualties of intimate partner violence, but women are more likely to be victims of the abuse[footnoteRef:1]. Many Christians think that abuse only occurs in non-Christians\\\' homes and poor marriages, but it happens to everyone. Domestic violence has been happening throughout the world for centuries, and many had considered it a family problem and not one that required intervention by the community. Many policies, statutory changes, domestic violence laws, and policies have increased due to people experiencing it worldwide. [1: Steven J Saul, The Response Of…...
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Westenberg, Leonie. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'When She Calls For Help’—Domestic Violence In Christian Families.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Social Sciences 6, no. 3 (2017): 71. doi:10.3390/socsci6030071.Winkelmann, Carol Lea. The Language Of Battered Women. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004.Wootan Merkling, Ariel. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Dispelling domestic violence myths among graduate social work students.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ph.D. diss., Colorado State University, 2007.Yoder, Kendra Lynn, and Mary Jo Neitz. Churches Addressing Domestic Violence, 2013.
omen in Abusive Relationships
According to a report in the Public Broadcasting Service, the home is one of the "most dangerous places for a woman" (PBS). That is because of the legacy of domestic abuse that many women have had to go through, and are going through today. Indeed, the U.S. Department of Justice reports that two-thirds of violent attacks against women are perpetrated by someone that woman knows. Every year about 1,500 women are actually killed by boyfriends or husbands, the Justice Department explains. And every year nearly 2 million men "beat their partners," according to the FBI. This paper reviews the statistics, the reasons that women decide to stay in those relationships, and what alternatives there are for her.
The Abuse of omen -- Background Information
The Public Broadcasting Service story indicates that 95% of victims of domestic violence are women, and that women are "7 to 10 times more likely…...
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Works Cited
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). (2011). Antoine Robert Three Fingers Sentenced in U.S. District Court. Retrieved June 12, 2011, from http://saltlakecity.fbi.gov .
Mayo Clinic. (2010). Domestic Violence Against Women: Recognize Patterns, Seek Help.
Mental conditions and competency of someone with PTSD who used self-defense in a domestic violence incidentAbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has at times been cited in criminal defense arguments to justify matters such as sentence mitigation, self-defense in violent situations, diminished capacity, insanity, and unconsciousness. An examination of U.S. case law (particularly appellate decisions) shows a mixed reception of this argument in the judicial system. PTSD has been recognized in some courts as a valid basis for insanity, unconsciousness, and self-defense, with such courts admitting testimonies given about PTSD as scientifically reliable. Due to this argument, PTSD is a viable defense in the judicial system for domestic violence incidents.IntroductionPTSD and other related syndromes, such as battered-woman syndrome, have been used to justify defense arguments for self-defense. In these arguments, some basic elements are maintained, such as that the defendant was not the aggressor, the defendant had a valid, reasonable fear of…...
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References“Insanity Defense,” Cornell Law School, (n.d.). Retrieved from O., McNiel, D. E., & Binder, R. L. (2012). PTSD as a criminal defense: a review of case law. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 40(4), 509-521.Fioritto, N. (2016, July 4). Law Considers Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Ohio State Law Association. Retrieved from https://www.ohiobar.org/public-resources/commonly-asked-law-questions-results/courts-and-lawyers/law-considers-post-traumatic-stress-disorder2/ Munetz, M. R. & Griffin, P. A. (2006). Use of the Sequential Intercept Model as an approach to decriminalization of people with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 57, 544-549.Simon, R. I. (2003). Post-traumatic stress disorder in litigation: Guidelines for forensic assessment (2nd ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing.Sparr, L. F., & Pitman, R. K. (2007). “PTSD and the law.” In M. J. Friedman, T. M. Keane, & P. A. Resick (Eds.), Handbook of PTSD: Science and Practice (pp. 449-468). New York: Guilford Press.Case lawArchie W. Brawner, Appellant v. the United States of America, 471 F.2d 969 (D.C. Cir. 1972)Dusky v. United States, 362 U.S. 402 (1960)Rogers v. State, 616 So.2d 1098 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993).State v. Hines, 696 A.2d 780 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1997).State v. Kelly, 478 A.2d 364, 382 (N.J. 1984).The United States v. Hinckley, 672 F.2d 115 (D.C. Cir. 1982)https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/insanity_defense Berger,
Women Who Kill Their Abusive Spouses
In the last several decades, criminologists and social scientists have begun to pay a greater attention to cases of battered women who kill their abusive spouses. Many of these women who kill their husbands claim they do it to defend themselves. Nevertheless they are often convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to imprisonment. Until recently, battered women were viewed by the public as either "mad" or "bad" (Noh, Lee, & Feltey, 2010) who should be punished as murderers. But lately scholars have begun to argue that killing an abusive spouse must be justified in extreme cases and codified in the law (Ewing, 1990). This paper is of the opinion that women who kill their abusive spouses should have the right to defend themselves in the court before any verdict is issued.
According to legal systems of most civilized nations, self-defense is justified when one is under an…...
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References:
Ewing, C. (1990). Psychological self-defense: A proposed justification for battered women who kill. Law And Human Behavior, 14(6), 579-594. doi:10.1007/BF01044883
Noh, M.S., Lee, M.T., & Feltey, K.M. (2010). Mad, Bad, or Reasonable? Newspaper Portrayals of the Battered Woman Who Kills. Gender Issues, 27(3/4), 110-130. doi:10.1007/s12147-010-9093-9
socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp of the National Association of Social Workers).
Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information, services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision making for all people (Code of Ethics http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp of the National Association of Social Workers)."
One of the most important ethical considerations in the field of social work is the constant respect that social workers show to the people they server. The dignity of a client is highly valued and held in high esteem in the field of social work and social workers strive to help individuals maintain their sense of dignity and value so that they can regain their sense of self-worth.
Social worker ethics also include the embracing of the value of human relationships. According to the ethical expectations of social workers, the relationships among people are very important to the people who want to change. Those relationships can play significant roles in…...
Janesen, Bruce, (1998) Developing a social work research agenda on ethics in health care.
Health and Social Work;
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