Bilingualism
Essays

This is an article critique of a paper written on Higher Order Cerebral Functioning

Arguments for and Against Proclaiming English the Sole Official Language

This is a paper that explores the economic and professional performance of Mexican-American and Chinese-Americans.

The following are descriptions of the 2 article reviews contained in the file. Sayahi (2011) conducts an interesting and detailed study in on code-switching in Tunisia. Analyzing the data form interviews with 12 Tunisians, Sayahi discovers that code-switching is limited to nouns and noun-phrases, that Tunisians who are university-educated are more likely to code-switch, and that it is unlikely that the French language threatens the maintenance of Arabic as a dominant language in Tunisia. Cruickshank (2008) offers a historical and contemporary look into Arabic-English bilingualism in New South Wales, Australia, offering insightful recommendations for ways government-supported Arabic instruction can improve after the Arabic language experienced a gradual slide into insignificance following events of the past decade.

The subject of bilgualism and its impact on cognitive development has always been an in interest of mine. When I first learned Spanish, I went to Mexico. I arrived in a small town, was dropped off by friends and started…

Both Malcolm X and Richard Rodriguez frame language in terms of political and social power. Malcolm X and Richard Rodriguez both comment on the power of language to demark social status.

The world is changing and recent influxes of immigrants into America have presented a dilemma for educators. Some believe the bilingual education is necessary for those that do not speak English as their first language;…

Literacy-based curriculum for students who speak English as a first language is a proven method for developing high levels of linguistic fluency—children are seen to acquire language skills quite readily with these techniques. Moreover, as strong language skills develop, they transfer into writing and reading. For students who are native English language speakers, working on literacy skills and practicing English in verbal, auditory, and written modes helps them to become fluent speakers, readers, and writers of English. However, this same approach to teaching students has not been demonstrated to work well with all English Language Learners. In fact, some programs using this approach devolve into the strategy that teachers just need to continue instruction according to this format until the students who are English Language Learners reach their performance targets. Nevertheless, the research literature on literacy development indicates that this uniform approach to instruction does not achieve desired level of language acquisition and academic performance in diverse societies, such as that of the United States. What the research does indicate, however, is that the cultural background of students is relevant to their learning styles. The differences among children and families carry over into the classroom, creating a unique mosaic of learning styles and cultural experience. Approaches to academic learning environments that are invitational and inclusive provide a promising foundation for achieving high levels of success for all students. Educational programs that articulate meaningful ways to include parents and families in their children's schooling are also able to consider and address the diversity that is based on economic and, perhaps, even health-related issues. A number of ethnic-based educational programs have found that student performance is enhanced when the cultural considerations are integral to the curriculum and the instruction. Culturally sensitive curricula and instruction have been shown to improve student engagement—a condition that is robustly related to academic performance. While ethnic-based educational programs are increasingly recognized to have academic and social benefits. Policy makers are taking the position that inclusive educational programs that work deliberately to reduce marginalizing students of different racial and ethnic backgrounds also do a better job of engaging students in academic learning—and the students' levels of success in these programs indicates a strong positive relationship between academic performance and inclusive, culturally-sensitive educational system.

To look at the problem of high school education and Hispanic students, we need to identify who we are talking about, because different writers use different terms. Some writers mean people of Mexican heritage when they…

The paper is on the linguistic terms thathave been provided and a definition of each term required in line with the linguistics dictionary that has been provided. The terms noticeably have various meanings and the required meaning here is the meaning according to the Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.