Blood Spatter
The television show Dexter highlights the role of blood spatter analysis in forensics and law enforcement work. Blood spatter analysis can be a cornerstone of crime solving. Rooted in the laws of physics, blood spatter analysis provides a method by which the forensic scientist can recreate a crime scene to provide law enforcement with valuable crime solving tools. Blood spatter can reveal incidents that occurred before, during, and after the crime that might go unnoticed otherwise. The variables that are taken into consideration during blood spatter analysis include velocity, surface tension, and viscosity. Blood has certain physical and chemical properties, which remain relatively constant. Likewise, various types of weapons and human actions have properties that can be analyzed. A combination of these constants can provide a picture of what happened at a crime scene. Each of these issues can help the analyst determine things like what type of weapon…...

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Works Cited

Baker, Katie. "The Bloody Truth: How to Interpret Blood Spatter." Wired Magazine. Retrieved online:  http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/02/st_bloodstains/ 

Bertino, Anthony J. And Bertino, Patricia Nolan. Forensic Science. Cengage, 2008.

"Blood Spatter: Properties of Blood." Forensic Investigations. Retrieved online:  http://www.clt.uwa.edu.au/__data/page/112508/fsb05.pdf 

"Blood Spatter Breakthrough For Forensic Scientists." 1 March, 2011. Retrieved online:  http://www.technologyreview.com/view/423166/blood-spatter-breakthrough-for-forensic-scientists/

lood doping, as a performance enhancing method, has been around for more than three decades now. The Finnish athlete and the four time Olympic gold medallist, Lasse Viren is widely regarded as the first successful user of lood doping to achieve sporting success. However, only much later after the 1972 and 1976 Olympic success, it was determined that Lasse Viren had used blood doping to boost his performance. [The Gale Group, 2010] Compared to the use of stimulants and steroids, the practice of blood doping was relatively unnoticed and only in 1986 "lood Doping' was officially banned. [The Gale Group, 2010] Over the last decade, doping strategies have evolved to foil anti-doping testing programs and there has been a constant battle between the doping and the detection methodologies. A brief overview view of doping, the different types of doping with a discussion of the doping detection tests and the potential…...

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Bibliography

1) The Gale Group, 2010, 'Blood Doping', retrieved Nov 20th 2010, from, http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Ba-Ca/Blood-Doping.html

2) N. Robinson, S Giraud, C Saudan et.al (July 2006), 'Erythropoietin and Blood Doping', Br J. Sports Med. 40(Suppl 1): i30 -- i34. retrieved Nov 20th 2010, from,  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2657498/?tool=pmcentrez 

3) WADA, (Oct 2009), 'Questions & Answers: Blood Doping', retrieved Nov 20th 2010, from,  http://www.wada-ama.org/en/Science-Medicine/Science-topics/Blood-Doping-QA/ 

4) Michelle Venables, 2008, 'Doping in Sports: Blood Oxygenation Enhancement', retrieved Nov 20th 2010, from,  http://www.ocpaddler.com/files/DopingInSports.pdf

Blood Transfusion
The Pros and Cons of Blood Transfusion

A blood transfusion poses both risks and benefits and, therefore, there are pros and cons to be weighed before opting for a blood transfusion. What a blood transfusion does is allow blood products to be replaced in a human body that has lost its own blood products through either illness or accident. The pro-of undergoing a blood transfusion when in danger of death is that it can prevent death and save life. The con of undergoing a blood transfusion is that there are numerous side effects that can accompany the procedure, such as the rejection of the immune system to foreign blood products and/or complications resulting from contamination. This paper will address by the pros and cons of blood transfusion and conclude with a recommendation and an alternative procedural option.

The pros of blood transfusion are that in life and death instances, it is…...

Blood Substitutes
The search for the perfect substitute for human blood began as early as the 17th century, when water, oil, milk and animal blood were used for transfusion until the first human-to-human transfusion in Philadelphia in 1795 (McCarthy 2003). Successes were, however, inconstant since then, as patients died due to injuries or from reactions to foreign blood, so that it was only a last resort during emergencies. Early in the 20th century, the cataloguing of blood types enabled the matching of blood types between donors and recipients, despite the risk of blood infected with HIV and other viruses, drugs and toxins (McCarthy). Even then, there have been too few donors in proportion to a large number who require it. In 2000, for example, eight million donated 13 million liters and 4.5 received the donated blood. Supply has not only remained short of the need, the shelf life is also short.…...

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References

Bartz, Raquel and Przybelski, Robert. Blood Substitutes, 2002.  http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3198.htm 

Harris, Steve B. Need Info on Use of Pig Hemoglobin in Humans, January 31, 1998.  http://www.yarchive.net/med/blood_substitute.html 

McCarthy, Wil. Strange Blood. Wired Digital, Inc.: the Conde Nast Publications, Inc., 2003.  http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/10.08/blood_pr.html 

Nester, Theresa and Simpson, Marcus. Blood Substitutes. Transfusion Medicine Update, December 2000.  http://www.itxm.org/TMU2000/Emu/2-2000.htm

This shows that monitoring of lifestyle changes can effectively be implemented in conjunction with other drug therapies to provide the most effective results for patients in need. Additionally, another 2010 (Navidian et al.) study showed that although lifestyle monitoring may not have been much different in terms of systolic blood pressure, there were statistical differences in terms of diastolic blood pressure. In this study, 61 patients with systolic hypertension were split into two groups, where the control group was exposed to a rigid intervention strategy that promoted education and facilitated motivational interviewing. Navidian et al. (2010) shows that such monitored strategy situations can still impact blood pressure in a positive manner.
Conclusion

There are still mixed signals being sent by the literature here. On one hand, lifestyle modification strategies involving supervision seem to be more productive in helping patients adhere to their commitment. Yet, some research shows that this still does…...

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References

Aizawa, K.; Shoemaker, J.K.; Overend, T.J.; & Petrella, R.J. (2009). Effects of lifestyle modification on central artery stiffness in metabolic syndrome subjects with pre-hypertension and/or pre-diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 83(2), 249-256.

Balady, G.J.; Williams, M.A.; Ades, P.A.; Bittner, V.; Comoss, P.; Foody, J.M.; Franklin, B.; Sanderson, B.; & Southard, D. (2007). Core components of cardiac rehabilitation / secondary prevention programs: 2007 update. Circulation AHA, 115(2007), 2675-2682.

Bonds, D.E.; Hogan, P.; Bertoni, A.G.; Chen, H.; Clinch, R.; Hiott, A.E.; Rosenberger, E.L.; & Goff, D, C. (2010). A multifaceted intervention to improve blood pressure control: The Guideline Adherence for Heart Health (GLAD). American Heart Journal, 157(2), 278-284.

Blumenthal, J.A.; Babyak, M.A.; Hinderliter, A.; Watkins, L.L.; Craighead, L.; Lin, P.; Caccia, C.; Johnson, J.; Waugh, R., & Sherwood, A. (2010). Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(2), 126-135.

(Janine Roberts 2006)
Acts like the Kimberley process are presumed to guarantee that the diamonds that people buy have not been related to the killing and mutilating of children from a South African country. However, as most critics state, the certification alone is not enough to guarantee such a thing. The process of providing guarantees that the diamonds have not been mined by rebels needs to be much more complex. (Dick Durham 2001)

South Africa is considered to play a vital role in the diamond smuggling business from the African continent. Consequent to their mining, the diamonds are being smuggled through several African countries. One of the last steps in the smuggling process involves the diamonds being taken to South Africa and certified as having been mined elsewhere than from a conflict country.

Over the ages, the beauty of diamonds has filled the lives of people with happiness. However, little of the…...

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Works cited:

1. D. Davey. (2006). "bad blood, blood diamonds." Retrieved May 2, 2009, from Pop and Politics Web site:  http://www.popandpolitics.com/2006/12/13/bad-blood-blood-diamonds/ 

2. Durham, Dick. (2001). "De Beers sees threat of blood diamonds." Retrieved May 3, 2009, from CNN Web site:  http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/01/18/diamonds.debeers/ 

3. Johnson, Eric. (2002). "Blood Diamonds: The Conflict in Sierra Leone." Retrieved May 2, 2009, from Stanford University Web site:  http://www.stanford.edu/class/e297c/Conflict%20in%20Sierra%20Leone.htm 

4. Masin-Peters, Jon. (2003). "Conflict Diamonds." Retrieved May 2, 2009, from Hampshire University Web site:  http://pawss.hampshire.edu/topics/conflictdiamonds/index.html

Also strikingly memorable are Tyson's descriptions of Oxford's severely outdated, still-rigidly restrictive racial attitudes. or instance, despite landmark Supreme Court decisions (e.g., Brown v. Board of Education) and the American Civil Rights Movement of the time, Tyson describes how time almost stands still in terms of lingering apartness of blacks and whites' being a well-established, unquestioned way of life. The swimming pool in the town was never integrated, for example; it was simply closed instead. The town will not catch up to society, setting the stage for Marrow's violent death and the town's severe under-reaction to it in terms of appropriate justice for the Teels.

Black-white relationships in Oxford, North Carolina as late as 1970, when the Marrow murder occurred, seem to have evolved little since the days of slavery. That alone creates the conditions of possibility for what happens and the town's reaction to it. Still, Tyson also shows vividly…...

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For example, the night of the murder, furious blacks firebomb buildings and stores in retaliation. Tyson's descriptions within the latter scenes remind me of the (much later) aftermath of the Rodney King verdicts. As Tyson states, three hundred or so angry young blacks taking to the streets."..scared the hell out of most of the white people in Oxford, and some of the black ones, too" (Blood Done Sign my Name, 2005, p. 6)." Later, after Gerald Teel's father and brothers are found not guilty of Marrow's murder, other violence black mobs unleash on the town is much worse.

In fact, according to Tyson, Oxford was sharply critical of the Teels but not enough so to bring them properly to justice. Tyson, toda6y a professor of African-American studies at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, is haunted by his childhood experiences of living through Marrow's murder by the Teels and its aftermath. His recollections, while told elegantly, eloquently, nevertheless represent a catharsis for the author himself, i.e., a final, long-pent-up account of all that happened so long ago, how, and then, from the writer's present adult perspective, why and what it all meant. Accounts of the Civil Rights movement of the time paint a rosier picture of what the South was like, thus the surprise one feels at reading this other, truer version of what racial relations were like in places there like small Oxford, North Carolina: even as the Civil Rights movement swirled around it.

A found this a very well written book, fascinating, and a page-turner with a surprising amount of built-in suspense even with this story's sad and disturbing told to us right from the start. This book is a good counterpoint to much of what is also published about how much better life was in the South for blacks during this time than before: it shows a different, starker, side of that story.

Blood Meridian -- a Novel by Cormac McCarthy
The human animal has stalked the earth for millennia, feeding on knowledge and growing in cunning. It has refined its methods of survival to spectacular heights. Yet, an incurable illness resides within its being. Clothed in the veneer of civilization, the human animal fails to overcome its violent nature. Like the scorpion ferrying the frog, it must obey a deeper rule. Never at peace, the species has sought new and more scintillating experience. Its big brain is in search of more; more power, more territory, more recognition, more. Regardless of the facade, its motivation wells from a deep insatiable instinct to reign. The human animal must conquer, defeat and control. Negotiation is loss of power and the thirst for power is at the core of the creature.

Does this portrayal seem cynical? Perhaps not to author Cormac McCarthy, as he penned his book "Blood…...

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Works Cited

McCarthy, Cormac. Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West. First Vintage International Edition. New York: 1985.

Owens, Barcley. Cormac McCarthy's Western Novels. University of Arizona Press: 2000.

Blood Pressure
The three factors of cultural empowerment according to the Pen-3 model can and should be taken into account when working with the target population. Each of the three factors of cultural empowerment: positive, existential/exotic, and negative, impact the overall health of the individual and community. Positive factors of cultural empowerment refer to "the perceptions, enablers and nurturers that may cause an individual, family or community to engage in health practices that contribute to improved health status and must be encouraged," (Campbell, 1995). Within the African-American male community, these positive factors might include the eating of more leafy green vegetables, riding bicycle instead of driving to work, and participating in community projects. Positive factors promote health within the specific frameworks and reference points of the community. Therefore, these lifestyle choices and behaviors do not conflict with core values and identity. They can be an integral part of cultural empowerment as…...

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References

Campbell, C. (1995). Human education planning models. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Retrieved online:  http://msucares.com/health/health/appa2.htm 

United States Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2010). A Closer Look at African-American Men and High Blood Pressure Control: A Review of Psychosocial Factors and Systems-Level Interventions. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved online:  http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/docs/African_American_Executive_Summary.pdf

101). Plus, diamond mining hires over a million people, eeks adds.
On page 114 Campbell explains that at about the same time -- ironically -- that he was being pitched by the De Beers people about the "huge economic impact that bad publicity about conflict diamonds could have on sales" planes piloted by Al Queda were crashing into the orld Trade Center. And also at the same moment as those two other September 11, 2001 events, representatives from thirty-five countries were meeting in a soccer stadium forty-five miles outside of London. They were from the U.S., Russia, Australia, Egypt, England, Canada, and Bangladesh among other places, Campbell explained.

Those representatives he spoke of were international diamond industry leaders, and their purpose in meeting (part of the "Kimberley Process") was to "figure out the best way to handle" the bad publicity (press reports) from conflict mines, severed hands, and violence associated with…...

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Works Cited

Campbell, Greg. Blood Diamonds: Tracing the Deadly Path of the World's Most

Precious Stones. Jackson TN: Westview Press, 2002.

Blood Diamonds
Greg Campbell: Tracing the Deadly Path of the World's Most Precious Stones. New York: Basic Books, 2004. 251 pp., notes, index.

Greg Campbell is a freelance journalist and the editor of the Fort Collins Weekly, whose works have previously appeared in Christian Science Monitor, the San Francisco Chronicle, and a number of other magazines and newspapers. Campbell made several visits to a war-torn African country of Sierra Leone to trace the path of the most visible symbols of love and marriage: diamonds. What Campbell uncovered was the story of human greed, civil wars, brutality, amputations, mutilations, illegal arms trade, shattered lives, millions murdered and tortured, governments overthrown over and again, children forced to become cold-blooded soldiers, terrorist organizations funded by the gemstone trade, and other dark sides of the diamond industry in the horn of Africa. Campbell argues that the little shiny precious stones we so love to wear or…...

Uses- Blood cultures are often performed to identify specific strains of bacteria or microorganisms in the blood. Sometimes two or more cultures are ordered at different times, depending on symptoms, for a better understanding of any progression (growth) of pathogens. Often, the doctor will order a complete blood count as well (CBC) which determines if the individual has an increased white cell count that indicates a potential infection. Often, too, the results of the blood culture point to the need to order other tests on the blood, a blood chemistry panel, for instance, which evaluates the health of the individual's organs.

Pathology -- Blood cultures are ordered by medical professionals based on certain symptoms. These usually involve indications of sepsis, typically focuses as chills, fever, nausea, rapid respiration, confusion, decreased urine output, headaches, or a drop in blood pressure. This is particularly serious when a person has had a recent infection,…...

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Works Cited

"Blood Culture." 18 June 2010. Lab Tests online. 8 September 2010 .

Bouza, Dousa, Rodriguez-Creixems, Lechuz and Munoz. "Is the Volume of Blood Cultured Still a Significant Factor in the Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections?" Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45.9 (2007): 2765-69.

Fischbach and Dunning. A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. 8th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2009.

Kenney, K. "The History of Blood Testing." 21 October 2009. eHow.com. 9 September 2010 .

The lack of clear manifestation of a type of lymphoma might have been the reason for the earlier inaccurate diagnosis of pharyngitis in Mr. H.D., before a tissue sample was taken. However Hodgkin's lymphoma does 'peak' during early adulthood, and then in later adulthood, so the patient was within a likely threshold period for manifesting the illness.
Mr. H.D. did manifest "the major clinical manifestation of malignant lymphoma" of painless lymph node enlargement, "usually firm or rubbery, often multiple and fixed in place" (Introduction to lymphoma, 2010, University of Virginia). During Stage III, patients are more likely to exhibit symptoms such as "fever, malaise, night-sweats, weight loss, and pruritis. As lymphoma progresses, spread may occur to spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other organs" including the "gastrointestinal tract, CNS, skin, spleen, bone marrow, pharyngeal tissues, salivary glands, thymus, and lung among others" (Introduction to lymphoma, 2010, University of Virginia). Partially because…...

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References

Hemopathology. (2010). University of Utah. Retrieved December 6, 2010 at  http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HEMEHTML/HEME067.html 

Introduction to lymphoma. (2010). University of Virginia. Retrieved December 6, 2010 at  http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/wcd/lymphoma.cfmLymphoma 

Lymphoma: Hodgkin's Lymphoma (Part 1). (2010). University of Virginia.

Retrieved December 6, 2010 at  http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/wcd/Hodgkin 's.cfm

Therefore we could save a life every 3 months, roughly speaking, without alarm.
If you fear catching a transmittable disease yourself, you should know that respected centers and institutions use and undergo sterile and safe procedures. Also, you can be secured that the blood you donated will not go to waste because the blood you donated is stored in sterile, pyrogen free containers. These containers have anticoagulants like CPDA or CPDA with SAGM that will prevent the blood clotting and also gives nutrition to the cells. Donated blood is then stored properly, and depending on what kind of blood product: fresh whole blood, fresh frozen plasma, platelets or others, they are. Therefore, for sure, a blood donated is equivalent to a life restored.

Donating blood is comparable to giving life. Like a mother gives birth to a newborn, so thus a blood donor give hope and a chance for survival to…...

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One unit of your precious blood can be separated into several components, each saving one life. Therefore, imagine how many you can help with just one act of kindness. You may not know how much power you posses within your own vein. A heroic act cannot be only defined by preventing a person from being run down by a truck, helping a mother and her child to get out of a burning house, or reviving an expiring patient from the or table. Your own heroic act can depend on just a needle and your vessel. Imagine the impact of one pint of your donated blood to many lives. You can make that happen now. Donate blood.

PHPKB 1.5 Knowledge Base Software "Blood Donation - Information and Importance"

15 June 2007. 3 May 2008  http://www.knowledgebase-script.com/demo/article-335.html

According to Martelle, the majority of these workers were immigrants who were lured to the coal mines with promises of good jobs and affordable housing.
The Rockefeller family, along with other mining companies, followed very few safety regulations and paid workers very small wages for the work they did. Miners did not receive any of the bonuses they do today, including down-time work, such as clearing cave-ins, or given fair weighs.

The coal mine managers, local law enforcement, and the Colorado National Guard were all called upon to maintain peace during the coal miner strikes, which were organized by the union in an effort to improve the lives of the miners. However, these enforcers primarily sided with the coal companies. Martelle wrote that the events surrounding the Ludlow Massacre were less about 'the romantic notion of the resilience of the union men and women in the face of oppression,' and more…...

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Works Cited

Martelle, Scott (2007). Blood Passion: The Ludlow Massacre and Class War in the American West. Rutgers University Press.

Shank, Jenny. (August 23, 2007). Martelle's "Blood Passion" Uncovers the 1914 Ludlow Mining Massacre. New West. Retrieved from the Internet at  http://www.newwest.net/index.php/topic/article/martelles_blood_passion_uncovers_the_1914_ludlow_mining_massacre/C39/L39/ .

Martelle, p. 13.

Martelle, p. 57.

Cor Pulmonale is pulmonary heart disease, which causes failure of the right ventricle. This comes as a result of high blood pressure within the lungs. Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs, often as a result of congestive heart failure. Both diseases would be unfortunate and difficult to deal with, but pulmonary edema would be preferable. There are medications and treatments that can be used in order to reduce the fluid in the lungs and keep the congestive heart failure at bay. The Cor Pulmonale, though, will damage the heart\'s right ventricle, and there is nothing that can be....

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