Bullying has evolved into a growing concern among child development specialists. With an increase in teenage suicide and an explosion of reports of online harassment, bullying has changed the way that adolescents interact with each other. For decades the act of bullying has been accepted as being a part of life that children deal with and then grow out of. However, the case is that the gravity of these incidences has increased and is having dire consequences. To begin with, there are multiple types of bullying (Swearer, Espelage, & Napolitano, 2010). Bullying itself is the act of purposely intimidating another individual through verbal, physical, or emotional abuse that leads to further negative psychological implications (Cowie, Blades, & Smith, 2011). However, this act can be committed through a variety of mediums.
Physical bullying entails the causing of harm to one party from another through means that cause physical pain (Swearer, Espelage, &…...
More and more children are becoming victims of cyberbullying with an estimated range of between 19% and 42% being bullied online at least one time (Wolak, Mitchell & Finkelhor, 2006). eports also indicate that children who participated in traditional bullying are becoming increasingly more involved in cyberbullying; reflecting very high percentages of those children acting as cyber bullies (Kowalski & Limber, 2007).
In a recent study of 177 seventh grade students, studies revealed that an estimated 54% were victims of traditional bullying and 17% were bullied online (Li, 2007). Of those 31% who acknowledged participating in traditional bullying, 30% had also bullied someone online and another 27% were victims of online bullying (Li, 2007). esearch has also reflected that children who are victims of traditional or cyberbullying are more likely to retaliate virtually than in person (Willard, 2007).
Which is more harmful?
Twyman, Conway, Taylor & Comeaux (2010) posit that there are…...
Bullying is not a new phenomenon in the social lives of school-aged children but in recent years a great deal more attention has been paid to bullying because of the apparent rise in the number of publicized incidents. Teachers, parents, school administrators, community leaders and social scientists are on the alert not just for bullies, but also for methods of prevention. This paper uses scholarly research articles to review and critique the current problems related to bullying.
The Literature on Bullying
A peer-reviewed article in the journal Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health reports that there is a strong link between those children who act out bullying behaviors in early childhood and their later involved with the criminal justice system. In other words, young people who engage in bullying others may well expect to be on the wrong side of law enforcement later in life. The outcome of the authors' research shows that…...
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Works Cited
Estell, David B., Farmer, Thomas W., Irvin, Matthew J., Crowther, Amity, Akos, Patrick, and Boudah, Daniel J. (2009). Students with Exceptionalities and the Peer Group Context of Bullying and Victimization in Late Elementary School. Journal of Child and Family
Studies, 18(2), 136-150.
Hanif, Rubina, Nadeem, Masood, and Tariq, Sadaf. (2011). Bullying in Schools: Attitudes of Children, Teachers and Parents. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(8), 1055-1058.
Jaing, Depeng, Walsh, Margaret, and Augimeri, Leena K. (2011). The Linkage between childhood bullying behaviour and future offending. Criminal Behaviour and Mental
Bullying can effectively affect the well-being of a student at not only the physical but also the emotional level. In that regard, there exists a need for schools to come up with strategies on how to minimize the same. In this text, I develop the profile of bullies and their victims. Further, I highlight the impact of bullying and how it can be prevented.
What is Bullying?
School bulling in basic terms has got to do with all forms of harassment that take place within the school premises. The said harassment is in most cases peer-to-peer. This is the meaning of bullying that will be adopted in this text. According to Spielberger (2004), bulling has a number of essential elements, that is: "It is intentional, it is repeated over time, and there is an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim."
Bullying: Profiles of the Bully and the Victim
A Bully's Profile
Bullies…...
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References
Huesmann, L.R. (Ed.). (1994). Aggressive Behavior: Current Perspectives. New York: Plenum Press.
Rigby, K. (2007). Bullying in Schools and What to Do About It. Camberwell, Victoria: ACER Press.
These by standers usually come in form of cheerleaders, protector for the victim and the silent onlookers. It is worth noting that all those involved in the chain, and even those not directly mentioned here still get affected by the vice of bullying.
It is therefore important to look at what forms of conflict are manifest from a bullying scenario and experience among the little children in school. There is the most traumatizing and openly evidence form of conflict manifest in bullying which is physical violence. This may involve hitting, pushing, shoving, kicking, beating, bumping into the victim and several other violent modes. There is then the verbal conflict which though not hurting physically has psychotically repercussions and may be in the form of put-downs, use of abusive language, calling names, shouting at victim, use of unpleasant and suggestive sounds towards victim among other forms. There is the other form…...
It is during Middle School that this first becomes a social ideal.."..Studies indicate that starting in middle school, bullies are considered 'cool,' while their victims are rejected from the social milieu." (Smith-Heavenrich) Early adolescence is when the competitive, cutthroat mindset begins to emerge in the form of bullying.
Statistically, bullying is staggering. Half of all violence against teenagers occurs not on the streets or at home, but on school property, where students are supposedly being enriched. There are between 500 and 600 thousand attacks every month in public schools alone. ullying causes over 28 million student absences every year because students are afraid to even go to school because of the cruel treatment. ullying is so widespread that about 80% of all students report having been the victim of bullying at some point in their school career. At any particular time, 15% of the school population is made of victims…...
Bartini, Maria; Brooks, Fred; Pellegrini, Anthony. "School Bullies, Victims, and Aggressive Victims: Factors Relating to Group Affiliation and Victimization in Early Adolescence." Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 91, Issue 2. 1 June 1999. Pages 0022-0663.
Bullying and Cyber Bullying at Schools
The pervasive culture of bullying and cyber bullying in schools has become a serious dilemma for many students and parents, and has been brought on by many different aspects of life, but how does the violence that children are exposed to in video games come into play when it comes to children bullying others both online and in person? This is a serious question with no easy answers, but this paper will attempt to address the issue through personal experience, interviews, and academic sources. By considering several different types of sources, it is easier to understand the seriousness of the issue and how much it affects daily life for a large number of people.
According to DoSomething.org (2013), there are 3.2 million students bullied each year, and "each day there are 160,000 students who skip school" because of the bullying they endure there (DoSomething.org, 2013). That…...
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Works Cited
Britton, Sarah (2013). Personal Interview
Channing, Roger (2013). Personal Interview
DoSomething.org (2013). 11 Facts About Bullying. Web.
Moller, Ingrid & Barbara Krahe. (2009). Exposure to Violent Video Games and Aggression in German Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis. Aggressive Behavior, 35. Print.
Bullying is a horrible problem in schools today, and it can happen to anyone. There are no racial or gender lines that stop bullying, and even kids who seem like they would not be victims can end up being bullied. Sometimes, it does not seem as though there is any reason to bully someone, other than he or she has become the chosen target. All it takes is for the popular kids to find another child a little bit different for some reason, and that child will be bullied. That is a large part of what Hirsch (2012) is trying to show in his documentary -- that bullying is pervasive and seriously problematic, and that it does not always make sense in that there is no obvious reason why a person would be bullied. Even for children who look or act different from their peers, bullying is never acceptable.
Bullying
Why bullying is an issue to study in human development
Most researchers on bullying have recently turned their focus to this subject. Studies estimate that at least seven million children in grades six to ten have been involved in frequent or moderate bullying during the school term. Bullying can be defined as repeated negative actions between the bully and the target. The chronic and widespread nature of bullying shows that it has a considerable impact on children; hence an issue to study in human development (Dale, Smith, Norlin, & Chess, 2009). Psychologists, given their expertise and skills in matters of human development, are uniquely qualified to help in the implementation of research-based intervention programs. This will address the negative effects of bullying on both the bullies and targets.
Types of bullying behavior
The main types of bullying behavior include various actions of physical abuse like slapping, punching, biting, kicking, and any actions that…...
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References
Dale, O., Smith, R., Norlin, J.M., & Chess, W.A. (2009). Human behavior and the social environment: Social systems theory (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Lines, D. (2008). The bullies: Understanding bullies and bullying. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
Zastrow, C.H., & Kirst-Ashman, K.K. (2010). Understanding human behavior and the social environment (8th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
" (79)
There is not one accepted definitions of bullying but the most accepted definition is a three part definition. To some degree the definition falls in line with definitions of harassment:
Victim must be in a Weaker Position (either smaller physically or with less social pull)
Behavior Occurs Frequently (conservative estimates are greater than or equal to once a weak)
Behavior Does Harm (the victim is physically or mentally harmed by the behavior)
With this rather simple definition one must then move forward to make it clear that there are also several types of bullying
Physical Bullying (including violence or threat of violence) (80)
Social Bullying "when a girl (or boy) is shunned and excluded by others. Social bullies may conspire to humiliate their victims by discouraging others form associating with her and spreading rumors that mock or demean her." (80)
Bullying
Affecting thousands of youths every year, bullying is slowly gaining recognition as a major social problem. In recent times, the media has been awash with serious bullying instances with scores of teenagers facing assault as well as harassment charges. Personally, I do believe that we in the social work field have a critical role to play when it comes to the aversion of bullying incidences.
Bullying as a Social Problem: The Role of the Social orker
It is important to note that bullying has a number of far reaching negative effects on those affected. Further, bullying also affects the actual bullies, though mildly. In most cases, those who are bullied are exposed to a higher risk of both anxiety and depression. In some extreme cases, we have had victims of bullying committing suicide. For instance, bullying was attributed to the suicide of Phoebe Prince which according to Eckholm and Zezima came after…...
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Works Cited
Eckholm, Erick & Katie Zezima. "6 Teenagers are charged after Classmate's Suicide." New York Times. N.p., 29th March, 2010. Web. 29th January 2010.
Bullying: Its Impact on Victims
In basic terms, bullying is any kind of aggressive or inappropriate behavior whose sole purpose is to threaten, hurt, or cause some kind of discomfort to another individual. In most cases, bullies seek to utilize the power they possess to intimidate their victims. The source of this power could be a position of authority or even the physical size of a bully. To the bully, his or her aggressive behavior could be a source of thrill and/or excitement. However, to the victim, bullying could be devastating and the scars inflicted (both emotional and physical) could last a lifetime. In this text, bullying will be discussed in the school context.
To begin with, bullying could have a negative effect on the academic performance of the victim. According to Spielberger (2004), bullying affects the ability of victims to concentrate on any given task. A victim of bullying could therefore…...
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References
Spielberger, C. (Ed.). (2004). Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology (Volume 1). Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
For the children who were being bullied, there were no differences by race found for where it occurred, or the likelihood of getting help (2008). However, the researchers found a dramatic difference by race for racist name-calling with one-half of the Asian students who were bulled, but none of the bullied white students, experiencing name-calling in association to their skin color or ethnicity (2008).
However, in a study conducted by Boulton, Smith and Cowie (1992), the researchers examined the extent to which children showed an own-race preference in a sample of Asian and White students between the ages of eight and 10. The children were asked to show, using the aid of photographs of children of different ethnic groups and gender, which children they would want to sit by in class, have play on their team, help with homework, invite home, or play with on the playground (1992). In general,…...
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References
Arora, C.M.J. & Thompson, D.A. (1987). Defining bullying for a secondary school. Educational and child psychology,4(3), 110-120.
Cowie, Helen. & Jennifer, Dawn. (2008). New perspectives on bullying. Open University Press;
1st edition.
Cowie, Helen. (1994). Cooperation in the multi-ethnic classroom: the impact of cooperative group work on social relationships. David Fulton Publishers.
Familial and social support were shown to serve two very different yet highly similar roles in the lives of children and adolescents in a way that enables them to become more resilient to the negative effects of bullying, correcting and combating the emotional effects of bullying and providing greater overall self-esteem and self-confidence (Bowes et al. 2010; McGrath et al. 2009). The family support is instrumental in creating basic emotional health and reinforcement for adolescents and children, while wider informal social support provides a network of positive contacts that serve as conscious counters to bullies and bullying behavior (Bowes et al. 2010; McGrath et al. 2009). Both of these support networks are essential to overall well-being and to the combating of the negative effects of bullying, and they further suggest direct, practical and conscious ways that the effects of bullying can be mitigated.
Internal beliefs and values are also indicated as…...
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References
Bowes, L.; Maughan, B.; Caspi, a.; Moffitt, T. & Arsenault, L. (2010). "Families promote emotional and behavioural resilience to bullying: evidence of an environmental effect." Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 51(7), pp. 809-17.
Correia, I.; Kamble, S. & Dalbert, C. (2009). "Belief in a just world and well-being of bullies, victims and defenders: a study with Portuguese and Indian students." Anxiety, stress, and coping 22(5), pp. 497-508.
Due, P., Damsgaard, M.; Lund, R. & Holstein, B. (2009). "Is bullying equally harmful for rich and poor children?: a study of bullying and depression from age 15 to 27." European Journal of Public Health 19(5), pp. 464-9.
McGrath, B.; Brennan, M.; Dolan, P. & Barnett, R. (2009). "Adolescent well-being and supporting contexts: A comparison of adolescents in Ireland and Florida." Journal of community & applied social psychology 19(4), pp. 299-320.
Bullying
The objective of this work is to examine a problem that exists in the community and to answer the questions asking how long the problem has been going on and who is responsible for the creation of the problem. As well, this work will answer who suffers and how it affects the community as a whole.
Bullying behavior can be both physical and verbal and involves intimidation or threats. Bullying is generally characterized as aggression that causes harm that is intentional and repetitious and that results in an "imbalance of power between the bully and the victim." (Strohmeier, 2010) The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry states that children who are victims of bullying "experience real suffering that can interfere with their social and emotional development, as well as their school performance." (2010) Bullying is a problem in all communities, schools, and neighborhoods and the area at focus in this…...
The topic of violence is a broad one because violence is persuasive in our society, there are competing theories about the causes of violence, and violence begins to impact people at a very young age. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, there are eight types of violence children may be exposed to or experience: bullying, child maltreatment, community violence, domestic and intimate partner violence, school violence, sexual abuse and sexual violence, sex trafficking, and teen dating violence. These different types of violence not only impact children, but also adults in the community,....
Cyberbullying, which is defined as bullying that takes place over digital devices, is both similar to and different from traditional bullying. In addition, it can take place in isolation or in combination with traditional forms of bullying. It can involve a wide range of behaviors, including posing or sharing negative, harmful, mean, false, embarrassing, or humiliating information about the target. It can also involve harassing behaviors. Sometimes cyberbullying behaviors are criminal, and sometimes they are not. Cyberbullying can occur on social media, in emails, by text or DM, in SMS, in games, in forums, and in a....
Stress in sport can refer to two distinct things. It can refer to physical stress and is compared to recovery periods or it can refer to the emotional stressors experienced by athletes in various sports. Because you referred to the sources of stress experienced by those involved in sport, we are proceeding under the assumption that you are referring to emotional stressors. We are going to provide an outline to give you an idea of what we might include in the introduction, main body paragraphs, and conclusion of an essay about that topic.
Essay Outline:
I. Introduction
A.....
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