S. small business administration can help with (SBA, 2005). While this is not necessary it can prove useful for legitimizing or legalizing certain aspects of business operations and help businesses with financing and support from investors.
An organization will next have to decide a location for their business and select a business structure, which is not limited to a corporation but may also include a sole proprietorship, limited liability company or partnership (Secretary of State, 2005). The California Chamber of Commerce can help with this by examining the industry, whether financial or otherwise and helping the business determine what permits or expenses will need to be covered to acquire the desired location (Secretary of State, 2005). Next a new business will have to file for tax identification and employer identification numbers and documents, and acquire any licenses or permits necessary to operate within the State of California (Secretary of State, 2005).
Marketing Business Entity
In today's capitalistic global environment, the actions of a business entity, whether they be good or bad, can have wide-ranging effects. A business that chooses to act in an unethical manner can impact a large number of people. For example, consider the influence of an unethical business that chooses to manufacture paper in third world country. This business not only treats its employees unfairly through substandard wages and working conditions, but also pollutes the environment by dumping paper bleaching agents into ocean. These bleaching agents could ultimately damage aspects of the ocean ecosystem, potentially impacting fishermen, recreational divers, and even other businesses in the area. The poor ethical practices of this business could cause local governments to be wary of allowing other businesses in the area. Further, this business (like the famous Enron and WorldCom cases) misleads shareholders by juggling its financial figures, which may ultimately lead to…...
BUSINESS COMPANIES Business Companies: Business Entity Implications for ContractsSole ProprietorshipA sole proprietorship is defined as a business owned by one person. The advantages include whole ownership entitled only to the proprietor himself, low taxes, and rarer complications for launching (Treece, 2018). However, there are also pitfalls, such as less protection when under threat of legal cases, profit and losses are the only income, and seeking new businesses would be an issue. The business owner is responsible for making negotiations, decisions, judgments, and signing and approving contracts. A sole proprietorship does not protect the business owner as he is the only person running the person, and if anything goes wrong with the supplier, he could be easily sued (Lawrence, n.d.). As a single person owns the business, the contracts authenticity is low.PartnershipA business partnership is a firm started between two or more people who share their skills and risks along with…...
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ReferencesFernando, J. (2022, July 20). Limited liability company (LLC). Investopedia. (n.d.). Nuts and bolts: Nitty-gritty details, incorporating, and taxes. https://grasshopper.com/resources/jump-starting-and-growing-your-business/nuts-and-bolts/# Hayes, A. (2022, January 23). LLC operating agreement. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/llc-operating-agreement.asp Investopedia. (2022, January 3). Corporation. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporation.asp Korchak, J. (2017, August 27). Advantages and disadvantages of a partnership business. Inform Direct. https://www.informdirect.co.uk/business-management/partnership-business-advantages-and-disadvantages/ Lawrence, G. (n.d.). What kind of liability does the owner of a sole proprietorship have? Chron. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/kind-liability-owner-sole-proprietorship-have-20636.html Net Lawman. (2021, April). Partnership as business structure. https://www.netlawman.co.uk/ia/partnership-agreement Schooley, S. (2022, June 29). Pros and cons of forming a corporation. Business News Daily. https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/15805-corporation-advantages-and-disadvantages.html Treece, D.D. (2018, May 9). 5 sole proprietorship pros and cons. Fit Small Business. https://fitsmallbusiness.com/sole-proprietorship-pros-and-cons/ Up Counsel. (2020, October 9). Who can sign a contract for a company: Everything you need to know. https://www.upcounsel.com/who-can-sign-a-contract-for-a-company#actual-authority-and-apparent-authorityhttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/llc.asp Grasshopper.
Business Entities, Laws, And egulations
This paper will focus on the challenges faced by one start-up businesses and an established company with labor issues. For the start-up, a birth clinic, a case needs to be made for the type of business entity they should each use. The established company is a construction company whose business entity must be identified and employment law pertaining to the scenario will be discussed. For each business, identification of the best business entity for the given situation needs to be accomplished first. The decision of the type of business entity will take into consideration control, taxation, and liability issues. eview of the laws and regulations that each ownership group must consider and identification of risks that the businesses should protect against will be discussed. eview of the construction company's business structure and how it affects control, taxation, and liability issues along with how employment law impacts…...
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References
Cheeseman, H.R. (2010). The legal environment of business and online commerce: Business ethics, e-commerce, regulatory, and international issues. (6th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
University of Phoenix. (2010). Course syllabus. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BUS415 - Business Law website.
This is when the overall amounts of responsibilities are limited to: the percentage of ownership of the different shareholders. As a far as control is concerned, this means that management must carefully monitor who they are hiring to work as the jackhammer operator. The reason why, is because of the possibility of the on the job injuries that are work related. Taxation issues are limited mainly to the percentage of ownership of the various shareholders. As all income from the business will be divided and reported on the individual tax returns of the business owners. The possible liability issues include: workplace injuries, negligence and the loss of income that an employee can claim (in the event they are injured). To protect itself against the different risks, the business needs to have policies in place that will monitor the activities of managers, to ensure that they are following all regulations.…...
Business tructures Overview -- There are a number of different business structures that are available to the new business owner, or someone purchasing a business. Each different structure has its own set of rules, with each having different tax and legal implications. The choice of which to use is thus based on the type of business, its overall legal liability (e.g. A rafting company vs. A resume service), the number of people involved, potential income, and potential longevity.
In business structures, a sole proprietorship is the simplest and is an unincorporated business that is owned and operated by a single individual. All profits and liabilities are the sole responsibility of this individual. This is the most autonomous of the business structures. ole proprietorships have few formalities, few regulations and very little federal, state and local tax issues. However, it also has the least amount of liability protection for the business owner.…...
Business Ethics
An ethical issue refers to a situation whereby an organization is required to choose amongst alternatives that must be evaluated as either wrong or right. For example, an ethical issue arises when a business company opts to make as much profit while pollution the environment, the dilemma here being the regulation and social consequences. The company management may opt to bribing the regulation implementing organization as long as they continue making short-term profits before the law catches up with them, by then they may be forced to attire with the rule or shut down but they will have made as much finances than when they may have started and the consequences on the social life will have reached the stage where it affects their health and made the environment unbearable. The principle of autonomy; which requires individuals to be left on their own independence to conduct their activities, make…...
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References
Andrew, J. (2008). Utilitarianism and deontology theories. New York: John and sons ltd.
Ferrell, O.C., & Fraedrich, J. (2012). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making & Cases. Salt Lake: Cengage Learning.
Joanne, B. (2010). Ethics and Business success. Mexico: Greenwood press.
John, K., & Berlyn, M. (2009). Assessing the effectiveness of decision making models. Normative and rationale models, 15 (14), 319-325.
Business Ethics
Ethical issues and dilemmas have always been hitting the operational performance and sustainability of business organizations. They directly affect the way an organization formulates and implements its policies, operates as an active participant in the industry, and competes with other organizations for the sake of accomplishing its strategic objectives. Ethical issues may relate to the organization's social responsibility or corporate responsibility; both are vital for the organization to ensure a sustainable future in its industry. This paper discusses an ethical issue which was faced by one of the world's most admired organizations -- Apple Inc. The main purpose of the paper is to highlight the ethical issue in which Apple was involved; the consequences of the ethical issue and the individuals involved in the process. The paper starts with a brief introduction to Apple; its main product offerings, industry, scale of operations, and major strategic decisions which it makes…...
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References
Apple, (2012). Labor and Human Rights. Retrieved on September 26th, 2012, from
Enderle, R. (2010). Apple and the Ethical/Business Problems of Child Labor and Other Unsavory Practices. Retrieved on September 26th, 2012, from
Hinks, P. (2012). Apple's new leader faces ethical dilemmas at Foxconn. Retrieved on September 26th, 2012, from
Hyatt, J.C. (2012). Apple, Foxconn, Promise Improvements for Workers. Retrieved on September 26th, 2012, from
Business Expansion
While some entrepreneurs have a valid reason and perhaps valid opportunities to expand their businesses, such a move could have its own unique pitfalls if not well executed. Some of the things to watch out for when expanding a business entity include, but they are not limited to, the most appropriate business form to embrace, the best financing avenues to explore, and the most workable long-term strategy to implement.
There are a number of steps that Kelly should take to prioritize her business growth strategy. One of these, according to Liabotis (2007) is implementing a valid customer growth strategy. Some of the customer growth strategies that Liabotis mentions include, core business driven growth, the sub-segmentation of customers, and further exploitation of adjacent opportunities. Kelly also ought to enhance her market knowledge. This she could do by sourcing for insight from both existing and target clients and familiarizing herself further with…...
Business income refers to any income usually realized for the execution or transaction of business activity. This indicates that business income is the aspect of earned income from the perspective of business transaction or activity. In order for the business income to apply to the aspect of the taxation system, it is essential to classify business income as ordinary income. Business income consists of business expenses, business losses, and business profits. It is the difference between revenues and expenses of the process of business transactions. This indicates that business income can be positive or negative within the financial year depending on the size of the expenses and revenues. Business income is received from the transactions or sales of products or services within the defined market.
Question Two
OECD model treaty defines a clear perspective in relation to the handling of the business income. This is through indicating that the income of an…...
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References
Ault, H.J., & Arnold, B.J. (2010). Comparative income taxation: A structural analysis. S.l:
Kluwer Law International.
Gustafson, C.H., & Pugh, R.C. (1993). International income taxation: Code & regulations, selected sections. Chicago, Ill: Commerce Clearing House.
Scha-fer, A. (2006). International company taxation in the era of information and communication technologies: Issues and options for reform. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universita-ts-Verlag.
A lower price enables an airline to remain well above the competition.
Economies of scale and scope are vital to the performance of an organization no matter the industry the organization is involved in. An organization can only remain competitive if driven to achieve economies of scale (Bronson & Morgan, 1998). Tactics an organization may adopt to achieve economies of scale and scope will include optimal market coverage, increasing sizes, superior "internal growth" and raised capital (Bronson & Morgan, 1998). Another important consideration for organizations include efficiency. One might define efficiency as "the ratio of inputs to outputs" (Bronson & Morgan, 1998).
Efficiency of an organization may be measured in various ways including by observation through accounting (Bronson & Morgan, 1998). An organization particularly a franchised business location will continually measure efficiency to ensure they are minimizing costs and saving time to help facilitate economies of scale and scope.
Tactics Businesses Use…...
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References
Acumen Professional Intelligence Ltd. (2005). "Business Environment - British Airways." Acumen Enterprise, 31, October 2005:
Business Ethics
Drucker's approach to business ethics revolves around the belief that business people are rational actors who, as agents for the shareholders, will evaluate all decisions on a cost-benefit basis. His view of business builds upon and only somewhat contrasts with that of Milton Friedman, who in 1971 famously espoused that the "social responsibility of business is to increase its profits." This paper will analyze these two views, showing how they are similar and how they are different from one another.
Although Friedman's editorial has been distilled into its pithy headline, his view on the subject of business ethics was complex. Friedman viewed business managers -- executives -- under the agency theory whereby they would be accountable only to the shareholders. Under this view, managers would and should only focus on enhancing shareholder wealth as the underlying philosophy of their actions. Friedman allowed, however, that the actions under this dictum should…...
Limitations on ADA equirements:
The ADA does not require employers to provide accommodations that pose an undue hardship on the employer or the business entity. The ADA defines "undue hardship" as accommodations that exceed the employer's financial resources or that would constitute significant hardship or difficulty for the employer (Halbert & Ingulli, 2008). In that regard, the ADA analysis of what accommodations are unduly difficult or expensive depends on specific factors such as the relative size and budget of the employing entity as well as the nature of the business, products, or services provided by that business.
The employer is not required to provide accommodations that would decrease the quality or the volume of the goods or services it provides, nor is the employer required to furnish specific personal items such as blood monitoring equipment, glasses, or hearing devices. Generally, the employer is only required to provide reasonable accommodations after the…...
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References
Dershowitz, a.M. (2002). Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. New York: Little Brown.
Friedman, L.M. (2005). A History of American Law. New York: Touchstone. Halbert, T., Ingulli, E. (2008). Law & Ethics in the Business Environment.
Cincinnati: West Legal Studies. Hall, K. (Ed.) (1992). The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States.
Whereas I try to respect the requirements of formal rules and procedures, I would prefer to violate those rules where their application would lead to an unintended result or undermine the effort to achieve the greatest benefit. In this respect, I would violate the requirements of rule utilitarianism where isolated violations provide a benefit without necessarily resulting in any diminution of the greatest possible good. For example, our office building prohibits coworkers from using their access passes to allow other employees to enter the facility without their own access cards. I recognize that, in the aggregate, the purpose of this rule is designed to preserve the safety of all of us by reducing the likelihood of access by unauthorized personnel. However, in the isolated circumstance where a coworker known to me forgets his credentials at home, I will violate the rule for the purpose of the good of that individual.…...
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REFERENCES
Daft, R. (2005) Management 7th Edition. Mason: Thomson South Western
Gerrig, R., Zimbardo, P. (2005)
Psychology and Life 18th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hursthouse, R. (1999) on Virtue Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
While the Inspector General authorizes all matters pertaining to the eight regional offices, the day-to-day operations and procedures of the individual regional offices are administrated by the IG. The IG supervises the audit managers in his region, sometimes among two or three remote field offices. As a typical example, Federal
egion II comprises New York, New Jersey, and Puerto ico. The egion II HHS-OIG-
OAS offices include a regional headquarters in New York City, a field office in Albany,
New York, and a field office in San Juan Puerto ico (HHS.gov, 2006).
The egion II IG maintains communications with all three OAS offices under his direction, primarily through meetings and correspondence with his audit managers in those offices. The audit managers provide operational leadership to their respective audit teams. Within each audit group forming each audit team, senior auditors supervise and assist junior auditors on an informal basis, both on the audit site and…...
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References
Nowalinski, G. (2001)
Brief History of the HHS Office of Inspector General
USDHHS Office of Inspections and Evaluations: Washington, DC.
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