Hydrology & Civil Engineering
Hydrology: "The science dealing with the occurrence, circulation, distribution and properties of the waters of the earth and its atmosphere" (Random House dictionary of the English Language).

That generalized definition doesn't due justice to the sheer volume and power of water on and within the planet. Two-thirds of Earth is water - mostly oceans - and yet, ironically, a large percentage of people in third world countries do not have clean and safe drinking water. According to data that came out of the World Summit on the Environment in South Africa (August, 2002), 1.1 billion people have no access to safe drinking water - that is 1 in 5 people on the planet. And 2.4 billion people have inadequate sanitation facilities. Also released at the World Summit was the fact that up to 80% of all sickness in the world can be attributed to unsafe water supplies.

Why bring…...

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Bibliography

CNN "Water Solution Remains Pipe Dream" (August 28, 2002) World Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa  http://www.cnn.com/2002/fyi/news/08/28/summit.water.glb/ .

FEMA (2002) Backgrounder: Floods and Flash Floods: Emergency Information

 http://www.fema.gov/hazards/floods/flood.shtm .

Environment Protection Agency (2002) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination

GIS in Civil Engineering
There are few fields that have been untouched by modern software applications, and civil engineering is no exception. The field of civil engineering has always relied on incorporating multiple different pieces of information, from land surveys to maps showing various urban features. One of the roles of the civil engineer is to bring together various pieces of information that are relevant to a problem, so that an effective solution can be found. One example might be the design of a new subway line, which would require highly-detailed mapping of the underground environment. In the past, a civil engineer would need to consult a number of different maps -- showing underground geology, gas lines, power lines, water pipes, sewer pipes, basements, etc., in order to assist with the project. This would have been a complex task, and the information might be in a number of different places. The…...

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References

Bham, G., Cemusca, D., Luna, R. & Manepalli, U. (2011). Longitudinal evaluation of a GIS laboratory in a transportation engineering course. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice. In possession of the author.

Bodamer, D. (1999). Easy interface. Civil Engineering. Vol. 69 (11) 44.

Easa, S, Li, S. & Shi, Y. (1998). GIS technology for civil engineering education. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice. Vol. 124 (2) 40-47.

Ibraheem, A., Hassan, H. & Al-Husain, M. (2012). Integrating ACAD with GIS for civil engineering applications. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications. Vol. 5 (2012) 138-146.

Ibraheem, A., Hassan, H. & Al-Husain, M. (2012). Integrating ACAD with GIS for civil engineering applications. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications. Vol. 5 (2012) 138-146.
This paper examines the integration of AutoCAD with geographic information systems. The author provides an overview of GIS as a set of intelligent maps, and the authors are examining the possibility of using AutoCAD to design these. There are significant differences between GIS and CAD, one being a database and the other a graphics program. The authors propose working the CAD tools and GIS data. The latter is typically real data, and CAD systems are usually used for future projects. The authors then use examples to illustrate how GIS maps can be created, layering different sets of data over each other. So for example creating a map that outlines different types of data. This is particularly important for civil engineering projects, where maps needs to…...

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References

Bham, G., Cemusca, D., Luna, R. & Manepalli, U. (2011). Longitudinal evaluation of a GIS laboratory in a transportation engineering course. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice. In possession of the author.

Bodamer, D. (1999). Easy interface. Civil Engineering. Vol. 69 (11) 44.

Easa, S, Li, S. & Shi, Y. (1998). GIS technology for civil engineering education. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice. Vol. 124 (2) 40-47.

Ibraheem, A., Hassan, H. & Al-Husain, M. (2012). Integrating ACAD with GIS for civil engineering applications. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications. Vol. 5 (2012) 138-146.

Notes the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "more civil engineers will be needed to design and construct safe and higher capacity transportation, water supply, and pollution control systems, and large buildings and building complexes. They also will be needed to repair or replace existing roads, bridges, and other public structures." Altogether, the job outlook for civil engineers is good, and the wages are enough to ensure a very comfortable standard of living.
The third reason that I am draw to civil engineering is an attraction to the work itself. I love to think about the design and use of physical objects on a large scale. Large-scale projects like bridges, roadways, and airports bring out a feeling of awe and respect within me. I love to look at the world from a broad perspective, and see the incredible complexity of some of things we take for granted everyday,…...

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References

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Civil Engineers. 11 March 2005.  http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos030.htm .

These decisions certainly paid off, for during the summer of my junior year, I was asked if I would like to return as an engineering intern at the Massachusetts Highway Department as a result of my performance the year before.
Outside of my current academic work, I recently participated in a number of campus activities, such as Relay for Life. I also traveled abroad to the city of Beijing to study and take courses unrelated to my current field of studies; I was also an active member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and Alpha Phi Omega as a volunteer in the city of Syracuse, New York. Thus, because of these and other experiences, I have become a very well-rounded person and am confident that I can successfully complete all of the courses at the graduate level for the…...

Journal ExplorationPublication InformationThe Journal of Management in Engineering is published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The ASCE publishes 34 different journals related to civil engineering. The Society appoints the editors for each of its journals. The current editor of the journal is Young Hoon Kwak, who is a faculty member in the Department of Decision Sciences at the George Washington University. He was working in the field and came into the editor role through progressive years of experience on editorial boards at different journals. The members of the editorial board include 8 associate editors, from different universities in the United States, South Korea Australia and Qatar, as well as one member who works in the profession for his own company. The Journal of Management in Engineering is published bi-monthly.Article InformationThe focus of the articles in this journal is specifically areas relating to the management of civil engineering projects.…...

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ReferencesASCE (2018) Journal of Management in Engineering. ASCE. Retrieved January 24, 2018 from   in ASCE journals: A guide for authors\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" In possession of the author.https://ascelibrary.org/journal/jmenea \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Publishing

Other areas of water engineering include flood prevention and a multitude of environmental specialties, many of which relate to other areas of water engineering. Finding ways to divert runoff to prevent erosion, for example, has both civil and environmental applications, and involves identical principles in most situations (Kalle 2009). Effective strategies for collecting and draining runoff water in a way that doesn't simply divert the problem can be a lot more complex than it might at first seem, especially in environmental situations, and this is precisely why water engineers remain must have a comprehensive view of many different areas of engineering, including fluid mechanics, a knowledge of different materials for conducting water, effective ways of filtering and/or treating water, etc. The amount of knowledge required to take on any major water engineering project virtually guarantees that the engineer will have the knowledge and skill set for other jobs, too, meaning…...

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References

BLS. (2009). "Engineers." Occupational Outlook Handbook, U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. Accessed 17 November 2009.  http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm 

DOT (2003). "Civil Engineering Occupations." Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Accessed 17 November 2009.  http://www.occupationalinfo.org/defset1_880.html 

Kalle, M. (2009). "Water engineer: Job description and activities." Accessed 17 November 2009.  http://www.prospects.ac.uk/p/types_of_job/water_engineer_job_description.jsp 

NACE (2009). "New & Emerging Occupations: Science and Engineering Occupations." National Association of Colleges and Employers. Accessed 17 November 2009. http://www.jobweb.org/studentarticles.aspx?id=1795

Longitudinal evaluation of a GIS laboratory in a transportation engineering course," Bham, Cernusca, Luna and Manepalli look at the effectiveness of a geographic information system-based tutorial in the teaching of transportation engineering. The authors studied students who were given this form of tutorial in conjunction with other learning techniques. They found that the students who received this tutorial performed better than those who did not. The paper serves to build the body of evidence with respect to GIS as a teaching technique for this subject. The authors sought to show that this technique is effective, and they accomplished that. The study was significantly rigorous to make a reasonable contribution to this field of study.
The article initially introduces the problem. They noted that "previous studies reveal that ... entry-level engineers lack significant exposure to transportation engineering methodologies" despite having hourly requirements for study in transportation-related courses in civil engineering programs…...

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References

Bham, G., Cernusca, D., Luna, R. & Manepalli, U. (2011). Longitudinal evaluation of a GIS laboratory in a transportation engineering course. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice. October 2011, 258-266.

Enginees should focus on the impovement of the pefomance of the economy. This elates to the tansfomation of the theoies of contolling the wold and adopting new famewoks in the opeating in conjunction with the planet. New enginees need to adopt and implement new theoies of focusing on the economic, social, and political concepts in elation to both technical and nontechnical disciplines (Cameon 2010 p.40).
Leades in Bitish Engineeing

Accoding to Lewis (1998, p.88), the technology style of the 19th centuy stetches fom the peak of one long wave to the peak of the next. The concened style would have made its fist appeaance in 1870s and would have held geat influence in the late Victoian peiod. It was maked though the diffusion of cheap bulk steel that emeged in the mid-Victoian peiods, advances in science-based industies such as engineeing and chemicals, spead of electic powe and the adoption of novel…...

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references of the current population without compromising the needs of the future population. This relates to the achievement of sustainable development thus improving living conditions of the citizens. Global warming is a problem affecting growth and development of the economy. This is through increasing the sea water level because of the high temperatures thus melting of ice caps. In order to minimize the effects of global warming, it is ideal to focus on the transformation of the engineering systems in the United Kingdom (Nuvolari et al. 2009 p.700).

Possible predictions about the future of British engineering

In order to address challenges affecting the current and future populations, it is essential to train engineers with the ability to make intelligent decisions in relation to maximum protection and quality life on the planet than endangering forms of life. Engineers will have to make decisions with reference to professional environment in relation to interactions between technical and nontechnical disciplines. The modern system should focus on the preparation of the engineers to become valuable facilitators of sustainable development and implementers of appropriate technology. This aims at addressing social and economic challenges facing the current engineers because of the modern systems and mindset of engineers in the context of the United Kingdom. This is essential in becoming an effective and efficient body of engineers with the aim of providing leadership to the world engineering body (Burgess 1972 p.10).

Future development in relation to the engineering systems and subsystems in the United Kingdom should focus on adequate implementation of technology in addressing essential needs of the future population. Technological developments should also focus on the improvement of conditions such as sufficient water, protection of the environment, and adequate infrastructure. This is vital in the achievement of the millennium development goals and objectives as outlined by the United Nations under the influence of its General Assembly. Future engineering should focus in the achievement of sustainable development thus addressing current and future needs of the world's population. It is vital to note future engineering should integrate numerous aspects in addressing social, economic, and political effects on the planet.

Reference List

Departmental managers should play a role in determining the specific areas of special competence required of engineers reporting to them and they should contribute to the in-house development of testing tools used to ensure competence in those areas.
Monitoring their professional status is also an ethical responsibility of every firm employing professional engineers (Harris, Pritchard, & abins, 2008). At a minimum, that means maintaining accurate records of certification status and dates; but it also means that the organization must apply the same level of concern to ensure that all in-house standards and testing requirements are met, beyond those formally required by law. In practice, every supervisor and department head must play an active role in that regard by singing off on individual employee compliance with periodic testing requirements.

More specifically, those elements of testing should be linked directly to performance by specifying different testing modules to correspond to every specialty area…...

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Reference

Harris, C.E., Pritchard, M.S., and Rabins, M.J. (2008). Engineering Ethics: Concepts

and Cases. Cengage Publishing.

.....men and women behind everything from public infrastructure to consumer product design, engineers have a distinct ethical obligation to uphold standards of safety. However, there is more to engineering ethics than the assurance that safety standards are met or exceeded. Engineers also need to ascribe to a policy resonant with corporate social responsibility: working in accordance with global values like environmental conservation and sustainability. Another key component of engineering ethics is related to the globalized nature of the work that engineers do: engineers frequently find themselves working in countries and cultures that are different from their own. The occasional conflicts that arise between local and home values may present unique ethnical conundrums that engineers can overcome with critical thinking and cultural awareness.
Safety

Safety is the most apparent of all ethical obligations place upon engineers throughout their careers. The first provision of the American Society of Civil Engineers, as with other engineering…...

Fuel Cells in Green Engineering
The energy tomorrow is beginning to be available today. Fuel cells, which just a very few years ago were a pipe dream, are becoming g a reality, and they are used in areas ranging from space exploration to toy motivation (Joy). The promise of the fuel cell can be seen in the fact that they use the most abundant source of energy on the planet, Hydrogen atoms (Birch). They are also being seen as the energy savior because they emit a common, non-toxic waste which can also be utilized as a saving grace around the globe, water (Joy; Patturaja). A fuel that uses the most abundant element on the planet and emits clean, pure water does seem like science fiction, but there are already being used with it as a motive force.

The space shuttle has always been powered by hydrogen fuel cells (Joy). Although they are…...

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Works Cited

Birch, Amanda Sue. "Microbial Fuel Cells: Converting Waste to Water and Watts." Engineering and Technology for a Sustainable World. (2010). Print.

Fields, Scott. "Making the Best of Biomass: Hydrogen for Fuel Cells." Environmental Health Perspectives. (2003). Print.

Joy, Linda E. "A Basic Overview of Fuel Cell Technology." Automotive Community. (2007). Web.

Khan, Abdul Majeed. "Electricity Generation by Microbial Fuel Cells." Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. (2009). Web.

(Steamboats, incidentally, did even better.)
Due to the heavy emphasis on steam transportation, especially by rail the government was better equipped to man and supply vast areas of the nation in combat. The train also traveled at a far greater speed than other more traditional forms of transport, as much as 5 times faster than the mule-drawn wagons of the day. Therefore fewer vehicles were needed and supplies and people arrived in far better condition than they had in the past.

Troops traveling by train rather than on foot experienced less fatigue and fewer instances of straggling and desertion, even though the freight cars used for most troop movements were anything but comfortable. Supplies hauled by rail were more likely to reach the troops in useable condition, owing both to the speed of delivery and to the shelter afforded by enclosed railroad cars.

There are countless examples of the alterations that these…...

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Works Cited

Basler, Roy P., ed. Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings. Cleveland, OH: World Publishing, 1946.

Black, Robert C. The Railroads of the Confederacy. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Fite, Emerson David. Social and Industrial Conditions in the North during the Civil War. Williamstown, MA: Corner House, 1976.

Gable, Dr. Christopher R. "Railroad Generalship: Foundations of Civil War Strategy " at http://cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/gabel4/gabel4.asp

political, social, and civil rights as they are, the notion of possible futures haunts nearly everyone. Potential political realities in the present and not-so-distant future are examined in Margaret Atwood's Handmaid's Tale and Marge Piercy's Woman on the Edge of Time. These novels have become modern classics precisely because of their poignant relevance to real-world social and political affairs. Although both Atwood's and Piercy's novels are at least in part set in future times, both tales are devoid of any significant characteristics that distinguish them from the present day reality. Thus, both The Handmaid's Tale and Woman on the Edge of Time eerily depict life in modern-day America even as they bridge gaps in time. In particular, issues related to gender and to political power are salient in both books. Through the core elements of their narratives, The Handmaid's Tale and Woman on the Edge of Time reveal that…...

Failure of Cable Stayed Bridge
Factors Leading to Failure of Cable Stayed Bridges

When there is failure experienced in a single structural element, there is high probability that the failure could lead to future failures of bigger intensity, including the collapse of huge structures. This preventable failures and collapse of structures have been analyzed and studied for many years, but unfortunately the research earlier done focuses more on buildings and assumes the engineering of bridges. The attention is even lower when it comes to the cable stayed bridges, regardless of the engineering guidelines required for this type of bridge. The guidelines indicate that the loss of a single cable, is not supposed to lead to entire collapse of the whole structure, but are usually assumed in many occasions. This paper therefore is intended to analyze the effects of cable loss on the cable-stayed bridge, with inclusion of the critical viewing of the…...

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References

Ang, A.H., 2011. Life-cycle Consideration in Risk-informed Decisions for design of Civil Infrastructures. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering: Maintenance, Life-Cycle Design and Performance, 7 (1/2), p. 4.

Caetano, E.D., 2007. Cable Vibration in Cable Stayed Bridges. Switzerland: IABSE Publishers.

Emmerich, W. & Tai, S., 2001. Engineering Distributed Objects: Second International Workshop: Revised papers Vol. 2. South Africa: Springer.

Federal Highway Administration, 2011. Framework for Improving Resilience of Bridge Design. U.S. Transportation Department, FHWA-IF-11-016, p. 3.

Manjarabad Fort: A Star of Sustainable Architecture

Introduction

Manjarabad Fort, located in the Indian state of Telangana, is a testament to the architectural brilliance and sustainable practices of the Kakatiya dynasty. Built in the 13th century, the fort showcases a harmonious blend of engineering prowess, environmental sensitivity, and aesthetic appeal. This literature review aims to explore the sustainable architecture of Manjarabad Fort, highlighting how research and literature have contributed to our understanding of its eco-friendly features.

Rainwater Harvesting: A cornerstone of sustainability

One of the most significant features of Manjarabad Fort is its innovative rainwater harvesting system. The fort is strategically positioned to capture....

Can Cities Like Bangalore Be Sustainable? Insights from Literature Reviews

Introduction

Urban sustainability has become a critical concern in the face of rapid urbanization and its associated environmental and social challenges. Bangalore, India's "Silicon Valley," has experienced significant growth and development, raising questions about its sustainability as a city. This literature review examines the insights provided by previous studies on Bangalore's sustainability, exploring its strengths, challenges, and potential pathways towards a more sustainable future.

Bangalore's Sustainability Strengths

Bangalore has made notable progress towards sustainability in several areas. Its strong technology sector has driven innovation in energy efficiency and waste management. The city has also....