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What is Claims?

In legal studies and across many academic disciplines, the concept of claims sits at the center of how arguments are constructed, tested, and resolved. A claim is a formal assertion—whether in a courtroom, a policy debate, or an analytical essay—that demands support and invites scrutiny. Law courses treat claims as the foundational unit of legal reasoning, asking students to examine how assertions are made, what standards govern their validity, and what consequences follow when they succeed or fail. Because the skill of forming and defending a claim transfers across subjects, writing assignments built around this concept appear in courses ranging from ethics and political philosophy to health policy and media law.

The papers archived under this topic reflect a wide range of approaches. Some take a comparative angle, weighing competing positions on contested issues such as disease classification, digital copyright, or system security. Others use case-study methods to ground abstract claims in concrete situations, including organizational discrimination, ethical decision-making by managers, and law enforcement subculture. Literary and philosophical analysis also appears, with writers working through argumentative frameworks drawn from texts like Plato's Republic or Dante's Inferno to examine how claims about justice, morality, or human nature are built and challenged.

A strong essay on claims begins with a thesis that is specific and genuinely contestable—not simply a statement of fact but a position that requires evidence to support. The most persuasive papers anticipate counterarguments and address them directly, using concrete examples, legal precedent, or textual evidence rather than broad generalizations. The most common pitfall is confusing a topic with a claim; identifying an issue like chronic illness or racial profiling is only the starting point, and the essay must go further by committing to a clear, defensible view on that issue.

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Descartes' method of doubt in the Meditations on First Philosophy

Descartes' contributions to philosophy have established him and indeed, many agree that he is the first modern philosopher. In fact, in the history of philosophy, Descartes marks the moment of a fundamentally new philosophical perspective. His treatise, Meditations on First Philosophy, was published in 1641 and this is the work that he is most renowned for nowadays. Because what we experience rationally is what we consider real and we claim that such "activities" as dreaming are a different "state of affairs", Descartes sought to illuminate such claims which we base our knowledge on. His method may appear reductive at first, as he suggests to set aside whatever knowledge that is obtained without control, but thereon, he requests analytical judgement that is to be applied to any knowledge in a step by step process. That is to say, knowledge is to be subjected to a division process with an emphasis on the basic elements which need to be simple and distinct. Because of such thinking, Descartes has often been regarded a skeptic but, as we shall see, skepticism, in the philosopher's vision, is the instrument by which philosophical investigation is conducted.

Paper Doctorate

China's WTO accession and HSBC's banking sector expansion

¶ … China's 2001 accession to the World Trade Organization has been regarded one of the country's most significant moves as far as its integration with the global economy is concerned.

Research Paper Doctorate

A priori justification, rationalism, and continental philosophical tradition

¶ … priori justification, differentiate it from a posteriori justification and see where each fits in the context.

Research Paper Doctorate

Why the compromise of 1850 failed to prevent civil war

While compromise over the system of slavery was possible in 1850 it was not effective in 1860's." The paper is an analysis of the compromise of 1850, which was the continuation of the system of slavery, and the…

Research Paper Doctorate

George Eliot's portrayal of the female body and feminism

Kristeva's philosophy can be applied to nearly every narrative especially in association with the body as a universal source of human language. In every narrative there are traces of description that help the reader…

Paper Doctorate

Ultrafine particle translocation from lungs to systemic organs

The study in question was conducted to determine the mechanisms by which inhaled ultrafine particles are further translated to other areas of the body. The researchers related that "Within hours after the respiratory…

Paper Undergraduate

Dennis McDonald's thesis on Homeric influence in the Gospel of Mark

Dennis McDonald's The Homeric Epics and the Gospel of Mark (2000) is a book that was always guaranteed to upset orthodox Christian theologians and biblical literalists and fundamentalists everywhere, since its main thesis held that the author of the first gospel used the Iliad and the Odyssey as literary models. He compares Mark to the apocryphal Acts of Andrew, a Gnostic book, and describes it as a "hypotext" that "relies somehow on a written antecedent" (McDonald, p. 2). Specifically, Mark used Books 22 and 24 of the Iliad as models for the death and burial of Jesus, in which Achilles brutally kills Hector and then releases the body to his father, King Priam of Troy. Hector's soul went to Hades and never returned, but of course Jesus was resurrected on the third day, even if his rather dim disciples in Mark failed to recognize him initially.

Paper Undergraduate

Fascination and repulsion from Otherness in Song of Kali and The City of Joy

In this chapter, I examine similarities and differences between The City of Joy by Dominique Lapierre (1985) and Song of Kali by Dan Simmons (1985) with regard to the themes of the Western journalistic observer of the Oriental Other, and the fascination-repulsion that inspires the Occidental spatial imaginary of Calcutta. By comparing and contrasting these two popular novels, both describing white men's journey into the space of the Other, the chapter seeks to achieve a two-fold objective: (a) to provide insight into the authors with respect to alterity (otherness), and (b) to examine the discursive practices of these novels in terms of contrasting spatial metaphors of Calcutta as "The City of Dreadful Night" or "The City of Joy." The chapter further argues that these spatial metaphors are redolent of what Peter Stallybrass and Allon White (1986) refer to as the "phobic enchantment" (p. 124) of the Occidental social imaginary for the poverty, squalor and the horror of the Third World.

Paper Doctorate

Rhonda Byrne's "The Secret: The Power" and the law of attraction

Rhonda Byrne's The Secret: The Power (2010) is truly an incredibly bad book, simplistic, repetitive and divorced from real history, politics or economics, yet it has sold 19 million copies. A cynic might say that the real secret to wealth is writing a bestselling book that millions will buy. Her 2006 book The Secret sold more over 19 million copies and was translated into 46 languages, and she was also a guest on the Oprah Winfrey Show and many others on the daytime TV chat circuit. Like all self-help writers, she has a talent for publishing the same advice repeatedly in new books that claim to offer even greater insights than past philosophers and religious teachers and in 2007 Byrne wrote The Secret Gratitude Book, followed a year later by The Secret: Daily Teachings. Her latest offering is about 250 pages long and quickly appeared on the bestseller lists, which indicates the type of strong cult following that all publishers desire. Byrne's central thesis is that human beings can change their entire lives and have everything they want simply by wishing for it, including money, wealth, happiness, careers, and romantic relationships.

Thesis Undergraduate

Ethical egoism's inconsistency in abortion debates

The philosophical position of "ethical egoism" is examined with reference to the moral question of abortion. Ethical egoism is defined in terms of its stated claim--that individuals should maximize rational self-interest--but also in terms of the universalist and Kantian ethical stances it has been constructed to oppose. The question of abortion is examined in light of how readily ethical egoism can redefine rational self-interest in order to justify any sort of ethical choice. The paper concludes that ethical egoism is not really a valid philosophical stance, as its terms are too elastic to provide any kind of meaningful criteria whereby to judge ethical behavior.

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