Corporate Structure
A corporation is a form of business structure. The corporation is given the same basic rights and duties as an individual. This shields members from the corporation from some liability for the corporation's actions, but also prevents them from utilizing corporate assets in the same way that one would use personal assets. There are some differences between publicly held and privately held corporations; however the basic structure of a corporation remains the same regardless of how the corporation is held. There are three main groups in the corporate structure. The first group consists of the directors of the corporation. The second group consists of the officers of the corporation. The third group consists of the shareholders of the corporation. Individuals may belong simultaneously to more than one of these groups, but each group has different responsibilities.
The first group consists of the directors of the corporation. When forming a corporation,…...
The interview already revealed different technology, such as pay-per-click advertising, being used in order to maximize the outreach of the message at the lowest possible cost.
Second, technology is also important in reducing the cost in the hotel and making the business more efficient and effective in the way it is using its resources. For example, Scott has mentioned that the email is the preferred form of communication. This makes sense both in terms of the human resources effectiveness in the workplace and in terms of the overall costs for the organization. It is much simpler to keep track of a communication thread via email and this also increases the work productivity of the different employees at the hotel.
The political and social aspects from the PEST analysis have a smaller impact on the activity of the business. Scott has mentioned that he tries to steer the business as much as…...
Safeway will drastically expand its market by taking over Sobeys. It will grow to expand the entire Canadian geography as well as almost double the number of stores it owns. In addition to this Safeway will have one less competitor in the marketplace, and be larger which will make it easier to stand against the other competition in the marketplace. The decision for a company to acquire another company is a massive and critical decision. The company acquiring must be ready to undertake the challenges involved, as well as the target company needs to be a proper fit with the other company. All of these changes mean many years of possible turbulence for the company and its employees, but if done carefully and mindfully the company will come out of the situation with a large financial and market gain.
This assignment had great value and the learner was able to…...
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References
Safeway. Safeway 2010 Annual Report Fact Book. Retrieved June 7, 2011 from Safeway Investors Web Site: http://safeway.ca
United States. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved June 7, 2011 from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Web Site: http://www.sec.gov
Yahoo. Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved June 7, 2011 from Yahoo! Finance Web Site: http://finance.yahoo.com
Flow Entity Partnerships
For flow-through entities such as partnerships, how do the tax laws use partners' basis adjustments to prevent double taxation of partner income?
According to ands (1996), there are several different avenues which are used to prevent double taxation for partnerships. The most notable include: S corporations, LLCs and limited partnerships. These areas enable for the flow through income depending upon the type and structure that is utilized (ands, 1996).
An S corporation has the same benefits as a traditional corporation. This means that it is considered to be a separate legal entity under the law. However, what makes it different is the income that is received is passed through to each of the partners. They will report this as ordinary income on their individual tax returns. The company does not pay anything on the amount that it passes through to each partner. Under the law, this is considered to be…...
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References
Rands, W. (1996). Pass through Entities. SMU Law Review, 37 (5), 15-27.
"hen Congress returned in 1934 to complete the federal disclosure tapestry, it created express private causes of action for misleading reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as part of the newly enacted continuous disclosure requirements, (3) provided private recoveries for market manipulation, (4) and authorized suits on behalf of reporting companies for short-swing profits garnered by certain insiders (Cox, Thomas, and Kiku, 2003)."
The creation of the SEC as a government body for oversight arose out a recognition by the courts that private action was not enough to protect investors and consumers from the materially misleading representations of corporate America (Cox, Thomas, and Kiku, 2003). Since its creation, however, the numerous laws and regulations that have come to frame the world of corporate governance have exceeded the limits of manageable governance. By the time the SEC has identified a problem, pursued investigation of the corporate representations of public…...
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WORKS CITED
Anderson, Jonas V. 2008. Regulating Corporations the American Way: Why Exhaustive Rules and Just Deserts Are the Mainstay of U.S. Corporate Governance. Duke Law Journal 57, no. 4: 1081+. Database online. Available from Questia,
In summary, we recommend that the IESBA reconsiders the proposals in the Exposure Draft and provides more guidance on safeguards applicable to sole practitioners and small accounting firms to ensure that the benefits of the changes outweigh the costs to SMEs. Under a principle-based approach, there should be safeguards and practical relief for all practitioners rather than rules-based outright prohibitions. The rewrite of this Independence component of the Code is substantially rules-based rather than principles-based. In this regard, we also encourage the IESBA to prioritize the redrafting of the entire Code using a similar drafting convention to that used by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board in its Clarity project" (IESBA Exposure Draft of Sections 290 and 291 of the Code of Ethics on Independence - Proposed Additional equirements in relation to Internal Audit Services, elative Size of Fees and Contingent Fees 2007).
There will also be an all-time…...
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References
Kreitner, R., and Kinicki, a. (2004). "Organizational behavior," 6e; [Chap. 17]; [Chap. 18]. Accessed December 19, 2007, from MBA520, eResource, week 5, eBook Collection database.
McShane, and Von Glinow. (2005). "Organizational behavior" (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
); Muret, Don. (1999). "Former Disney VP stresses teamwork at cafe." Amusement Business, 111(49), 22. Accessed August 17, 2007, from EBSCOhost database.
Marquis, C., Lee, M. (2013). Who is governing whom? Executives, governance, and the structure of generosity in large U.S. firms. Strategic Management Journal, 34: 483-497. DOI: 10.1002/smj.2028
The purpose of this article is to identify the manner in which organizational structures impact organizational strategies used by corporate leadership role players. The example that the researchers give of such a structure is the corporate foundation, which is commonly directly managed by a group of corporate leaders for philanthropic purposes. However, the structure of the corporate foundation allows leaders to exercise influence that in a different corporate structure would be far less possible or even welcomed by the variety of shareholders and stakeholders involved. The determining factors of what allows one corporate entity to achieve specific aims within its philanthropic organization are what the study seeks to identify. The study looks for correlation between variables and outcomes in this respect. The secondary purpose…...
Corporate Social esponsibility and Environmental Ethics
Abstract/Introduction -- No one can argue that the international business community is becoming more and more complex as a result of globalism. In turn, this complexity is driven by an increasing understanding of sustainability, going "green," and bringing ethical and moral philosophy into the business community. British Telecom, for instance, noted in 2007 that it had reduced its carbon footprint by 60% since 1996, setting itself a target of 80% reductions by 2016 (Hawser, 2007). Francois Barrault, CEO, BT Global Services, said that by supporting sustainability his company hoped not only to reduce its carbon footprint but also to attract younger people who prefer to work for environmentally and socially responsible companies. He didn't always think that way, though. Barrault said that when he first met former U.S. vice president and environmental activist Al Gore, who showed him pictures of icecaps melting, he thought Gore…...
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REFERENCES
Career Services. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from:
PENALTIES - CIVIL & CIMINAL
There are statutes that impose penalties both civil and criminal for government contractors who commit fraud, waste or abuse. Some of those statutes are as follows:
False Claims Act;
False Statements Act;
Forfeiture Statute;
Anti-Kickback Act
Bribery and Gratuities statutes;
Mail and Wire Fraud statutes; and the Public Integrity Act and recent legislative initiatives to strengthen criminal penalties for violations of conflict of interest laws. (Peckar & Abramson, 2007)
The government has the right to audit the records of the contractor for up to three years following a contract for the government being completed. Companies with contracts exceeding $5 million are required to: (1) post a fraud hotline poster; (2) establish a written code of ethics; (3) establish an employee ethics and compliance training program; and (4) establish an internal control system. (New ule for Government Contractors, nd)
SUMMAY & CONCLUSION
The Corporate Compliance Plan that is successful and effective is one that will…...
Corporate Governance
As some queries about corporate governance were there ever since 1932 - the period of erle and Means, the expression of the concept of Corporate Governance was not found in English vocabulary until 25 years ago. However, in the previous two decades, matters relating to corporate governance have gained importance in academic literature as well as in public policy deliberations. Corporate governance came to be acknowledged as being synonymous with takeovers, financial restructuring, and activities of institutional investor's during this part of the era. Corporate Governance is now at a turning point. Several budding and up-coming economies that are on the path of development have identified by now that excellent corporate governance is vital for sustainable economic development. Furthermore, a lot are on the lookout for a novel or appropriate standard for making it relevant for their particular internal situation. (erle and Means, 1932)
The last ten years has seen…...
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Bibliography
Berle, A; G. Means (1932) "The modern corporation and private property" Macmillan, NewYork. pp.54-58
Hart, O. (1995). "Firms, contracts and financial structure" Clarendon Press, Oxford. pp.32-36
Jensen, M and Meckling, W. (1976). "Theory of the firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure" Journal of Financial Economics, Volume. 3.pp. 305-360
Shleifer, Andrei; Vishny, Robert W. (1997) "A Survey of Corporate Governance," Journal of Finance Volume. 52. pp. 737-83.
Corporate Mergers and the Public Good
The United States of America, during the last years of the Nineteenth Century, witnessed a rash of corporate mergers. The Industrial Revolution had taken firm hold, and the nation was changing rapidly. Millions of Americans who had once been independent farmers or tradesmen now found themselves in the position of what some termed "wage slaves." At the mercy of their corporate employers, they worked long hours at low pay, and often under appalling conditions. The reasons for the merger mania of this period are many and complex, as are its effects upon the population as a whole. In breaking down the traditional vocational environment, the gigantic new conglomerates also transformed the entire social landscape. ork was no longer a family business shared by all generations. Communities no longer clung together for mutual protection and aid. Suddenly, the citizen of this new world was out on…...
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Works Cited
Applebaum, Herbert. The American Work Ethic and the Changing WorkForce: An Historical Perspective. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998.
Aronowitz, Stanley. False Promises: The Shaping of American Working Class Consciousness. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992.
Atack, Jeremy. (1985). "Industrial Structure and the Emergence of the Modern Industrial Corporation" Explorations in Economic History 22, 48.
Champlin, Dell P., and Janet T. Knoedler. "Corporations, Workers and the Public Interest." Journal of Economic Issues 37.2 (2003): 305+.
For IBM, it took Louis Gerstner getting angry about unfulfilled opportunities for new businesses to create the EBO structure. For Nokia, the similarities with IBM are at a very high structural level, yet Nokia relies on a completely different set of processes for fostering innovation and corporate entrepreneurship. The rapidly changing world of laptop computers needed a corporate nonconformist to accomplish what carefully defined processes in Toshiba could not. In the case of Trilogy the need for creating a steady stream of significant new innovation forced the creation of a proving ground where PhDs in software and mathematics could quickly define entirely new product and business concepts.
eferences
Abetti, P (2004) - Informal corporate entrepreneurship: implications from the failure of the Concorde alloy foundry and the success of the Toshiba laptop;. J. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 4, No. 6, 2004, pp. 529-545
Arthur D. Little (2002) - Developments in the area…...
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References
Abetti, P (2004) - Informal corporate entrepreneurship: implications from the failure of the Concorde alloy foundry and the success of the Toshiba laptop;. J. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 4, No. 6, 2004, pp. 529-545
Garvin, D.A., & Levesque, L.C. (2006). Meeting the Challenge of Corporate Entrepreneurship Harvard Business Review, Business School Publishing. Pages 102-112.
Nunes, S. (2004). IBM research: Ultimate source for new business. Research Technology Management, 47(2), pages 20-23.
" (p. 4) This is to make the argument that it should be seen as a practical reality of this new business atmosphere that responsibility to the social realities and standards of an operational setting will be directly predictive of long-term survival, stability, functionality and survival.
That stated, it should also be seen as incumbent upon the global alliances created by the process of free trade to impose standards of corporate social responsibility vis a vis labor standards, wage equality and environmental protections. By taking this step, the world community can help to ease the financial burden placed upon those companies which aspire to engage in the global economy without eschewing positive corporate values.
eferences:
Kahler, M & Lake, DA 2001, 'Globalization and governance,' IGCC. ead online Aug. 9, 2010 < http://igcc.ucsd.edu/research/intl_political_economy/gandg.html>.
Lockwood, N 2004, 'Corporate Social esponsibility,' Society for Human
esource Management.
Smith, H 2004, 'Who calls the shots in the global economy?,' PBS.org.
Additionally, it has been observed that whenever companies implement strategies of CS, they do this not out of individual choice and desire, but as a result of imposed legislations. "All of these decisions are made under the mandatory legal rules embodied in employment and labor law, workplace safety law, environmental law, consumer protection law, and pension law. Such rules, because they often apply to all businesses, are not susceptible to easy evasion through choice of form. As a result, those charged with governing a corporation find their decision tree considerably trimmed and their discretion decidedly diminished by mandatory legal rules enacted in the name of protecting stakeholders" (Winkler, 2005). In other words, the modern day evolutions of corporate social responsibility "caution against a rush to declare the ultimate triumph of shareholder primacy" (Winkler, 2005).
As a direct result of this changing legislation, more companies have commenced corporate social responsibility programs. In…...
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References:
Akerstrom, a., 2009, Corporate governance and social responsibility: Johnson & Johnson, GRIN Verlag, ISBN 364045605X
Boyd, C., 2003, Human resource management and occupational health and safety, Routledge, ISBN 0415265908
Conley, J.M., Williams, C.A., 2005, Engage, embed and embellish: theory vs. practice in the corporate social responsibility movement, Journal of Corporation Law, Vol. 31, No. 1
Greenwald, R., 2005, Wal-Mart: the high costs of low price (documentary available on DVD)
Both proposals were consequently amended and eventually accepted by the SEC.
The audit committee makes sure that the books aren't being cooked and that shareholders are properly informed of the financial status of the firm. Characteristically, the audit committee advocates the CPA firm that will audit the company's books, appraises the activities of the company's independent accountants and internal auditors, and reviews the company's internal control systems and its accounting and financial reporting requirements and practices. The compensation committee usually does the following: (1) recommends the selection of the CEO, (2) reviews and approves the appointment of officers who report directly to the CEO, (3) reviews and approves the compensation of the CEO and the managers reporting to the CEO, and (4) administers the stock compensation and other incentive plans. The suggested committee establishes experience for potential directors (Lunnie, 2007; pg. 90). It also puts collectively a list of candidates…...
A comparison and contrast essay on two specific service providers is a little different from comparison and contrast essays on ideas or people because you are going to always want to focus on the customer’s experience. However, if you are writing the essay for a business class, you would be focusing on different aspects such as corporate structure, stock price, etc. So, keep that in mind when writing your essay. Are you providing more of a user review or a business analysis and structure your essay accordingly.
It is also important to keep in mind that the COVID-19 pandemic has really....
Intervention Strategies for Multisyllabic Word Reading: A Review of Effective Approaches
Introduction Multisyllabic words, words with more than one syllable, pose a significant decoding challenge for struggling readers. Intervention programs aimed at improving multisyllabic word reading have become increasingly essential to support the literacy development of students with reading difficulties. This essay explores the various effective intervention approaches for multisyllabic word reading, examining their theoretical underpinnings, methodologies, and empirical evidence to provide a comprehensive overview of the field.
1. Syllable Segmentation and Blending Syllable segmentation and blending is a core strategy for teaching multisyllabic word reading. It involves breaking down words into individual syllables....
Aligning Business Units for Corporate Goal Achievement
Corporate-level strategy plays a crucial role in aligning business units (BUs) to support overall organizational goals and objectives. By establishing a clear direction and framework, companies can ensure that all BUs work cohesively and synergistically towards achieving the desired outcomes.
1. Establish Clear Goals and Objectives:
The foundation of alignment lies in defining and communicating specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) corporate goals and objectives. These goals should be cascaded down to individual BUs, ensuring that each unit understands its contribution to the overall plan.
2. Define Role and Responsibilities:
Clearly delineate the roles and responsibilities of....
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