2022).
Conclusion: In the end, it appears that Ms. Kondrot should have called Chuck's parents and asked them to intervene with their troubled son. hy didn't she? Other questions remain. Did Ms. Kondrot experience any of the reactions mentioned in the paragraph above? Did she go through grief, anger or betrayal -- or perhaps self-doubt or inadequacy? Readers are not informed in the Bernstein article. Ms. Kondrot testified at the trial that if she broke Chuck's trust it might "make his depression worse" and tossing him out of school would have been "devastating" (Bernstein, p. 4). But since death is worse than depression, Ms. Kondrot's rationalization at the trial sounds pretty thin in hindsight. She was trying to save her own skin. And as for the countertransference issues that may apply to Chuck's case, all a reader can do is conjecture that perhaps at various times Chuck hatefully attacked Ms.…...
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Works Cited
Bernstein, Elizabeth. (2007). After a Suicide, Privacy on Trial. The Wall Street Journal (March
The committee noted that therapists do not have well developed and agreed upon ideas of when self-disclosure hinders and when it facilitates analysis. Therapists should have a context for discussing self-disclosure that recognizes disparities in analytical models -- for example those stressing the reparative needs of certain patients for 'new objects' as opposed to those focusing solidly on exploration of the patient's internal existence. The group finally attacked the discussion of evidence against and for self-disclosure. "Group members were in agreement that evidence for the usefulness of self-disclosing techniques based on the patient's sense of well being and exhilaration for a session or so after the revelation did not constitute convincing evidence of the benefit of such techniques." (Lansky, 7)
The gender influence of transference is also an area rife with examples and explanations. As Kalb has noted, "Psychoanalytical endeavor reflects some degree of culturally exaggerated normative roles, including tendencies…...
Countertransference occurs when a psychotherapist transfers or projects feelings onto a patient. This can be a problem because when it happens the therapist introduces a third party's (his own) emotional state into the life of the patient, who is attempting to understand his own feelings without the insertion of another's to complicate matters. However, it can also be useful according to some researchers who view forms of countertransference as useful, namely in the way that it tells the therapist something about the patient's feelings and about the therapist's own feelings (Malcolm, 1988). In this case, transference on the part of the patient can be met with countertransference on the part of the therapist in a manner that does not have to be viewed as dangerous so long as the therapist is aware of the role that he is playing in the transference-countertransference paradigm and uses it to draw attention to…...
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References
Malcom, J. (1988). Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession. NY: Random House.
Tarnopolsky, A. (1995). Teaching countertransference. Journal of Psychoanalysis,
In a working situation with an elderly client, the care giver may have personal experiences with emotional displays and responses. This could have created psychological damage within the care giver, which is then projected in the form of negative responses. A frustrated elderly client may, for example, be in a constantly bad and hostile mood. A care giver who has experienced this from parents as a child may experience this in an extremely negative way and respond accordingly.
Induced countertransference is a process of empathy that is generally manipulated by the client. A client may, for example require a specific response to his or her situation by a therapist. Most commonly, such a client would seek sympathy or some other form of recognition that is not otherwise experienced in his or her life. For a care giver, an elderly person might act in an excessively helpless way to elicit more…...
This is a paper that outlines the concept of countertransferrance. It has 4 sources.
Psychoanalysis is a process that requires the participants to accept and adhere to certain regulations. The closed environments in which these patient therapist sessions take place describe a predetermined analytic or mental space that will involve sharing and projection of ideas and emotions between the two individuals [Young 1990]. The processes of transference and countertransference are the basis of all communication not just the product of interpreting and interacting with powerful and often pathological emotions. [Young 1990; acker1968] Psychotherapy is an intense form of communication that inevitably affects the doctor as much as the patient. As Harold Searles observed, 'the analyst actually does feel, and manifests in various ways, a great variety of emotions during the analytic hour' [Searles, 1979].
Transference describes how a patient '"displaces" or "transfers" infantile and internal conflicts to current situations and objects…...
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References
Epstein L. The Therapeutic Function of Hate in the Countertransference. The Review Of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis 1977. Available at www.wawhite.org/ActiveLib/epstein.html
Racker, H. Transference and Countertransference, New York: International Universities Press. 1968.
Searles H.F. 'Countertransference and Related Subjects' Boston:International Universites Press.1979.
Freud coined the terms transference and countertransference to refer to the psychodynamics of the therapeutic relationship. Transference refers to the client transferring feelings or projecting onto the therapist; whereas countertransference refers to the therapist transferring onto the client. Freud believed that transference and countertransference were “universal,” and they are indeed inevitabilities in human relationships (Riedbord, 2010). Moreover, the phenomena of transference and countertransference can be detrimental to the therapeutic relationship, especially when they are undetected or ignored. As Hughes & Kerr (2000) put it, transference and countertransference are “inappropriate” because instead of addressing the actual client’s concerns and issues, the therapeutic conversation is shifted to one that is counterproductive to the therapeutic goals (p. 57). Countertransference violates the therapeutic alliance and needs to be remedied, primarily with self-awareness (Hughes & Kerr, 2000).
I have experienced both transference and countertransference. When working with counselors, I have externalized my feelings about parental or…...
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References
Hughes, P. & Kerr, I. (2000). Transference and countertransference in communication between doctor and patient. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 6(1): 57-64.
The author of this response will be addressing two major questions. The first will be three things that were learned from an article that was preselected for this assignment. The second thing will be a real-world situation or example from the life of the author of this response. In both cases, the central topic will be the same as it is with the article just mentioned and that is the subject of transference and counter-transference. The real-world example can come from a book or movie but it has to be something that the author has seen and is aware of. While not everyone knows what transference or counter-transference is by name, they surely know that they have personally experienced or witnesses the phenomenon to some extent and in some way.
Just to get the definition out of the way, transference is when a person transfers feelings or memories from a prior situation…...
Transference and Countertransference: Presenting IssuesAs I plan to work with young children, I anticipate different issues with transference and countertransference than a counselor who primarily focuses on working with older adults. However, all counselors should be aware of the phenomenon, how it occurs, and why, and all counselors can face the challenges of dealing with a client unconsciously coping with transference. Quite simply, transference is when a client unconsciously transfers feelings about someone from their past onto the therapist (Madeson, 2021, p.7).A client may project anger at a parental figure onto the therapist. In the case of an adolescent or a child, this may occur because the parent has forced the child into therapy, while with an adult, this may occur because the client is projecting resentment and anger onto the therapist as the most readily available authority figure. For example, if the therapist leaves town for a weekend, the…...
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ReferencesMadeson, M. (2021, June 19). Countertransference and transference in therapy: 6 examples. Positive Psychology. J., Diveky, T., Grambal, A., Kamaradova, D., Mozny, P., Sigmundova, Z., Slepecky, M., & Vyskocilova, J. (2010). Transference and countertransference in cognitive behavioral therapy. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia, 154(3), 189–197. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21048803/https://positivepsychology.com/countertransference-and-transference/ Prasko,
But there will also be situations where clinicians are asked to discuss with a patient whether they want to or should have resuscitation if they have had a cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmia. The potential likelihood for clinical benefit in accordance with the patient's preferences for intervention and its likely outcome, involves careful consideration, as with many other medical decisions, in deciding whether or not to resuscitate a patient who suffers a cardiopulmonary arrest. Therefore, decisions to forego cardiac resuscitation are often difficult.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CP) is a set of specific medical procedures designed to establish circulation and breathing in a patient who's suffered an arrest of both. CP is a supportive therapy, designed to maintain perfusion to vital organs while attempts are made to restore spontaneous breathing and cardiac rhythm (Braddock 2).
The standard of care is to perform CP in the absence of a valid physician's order to withhold…...
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References
Braddock, C.H. (1998) Termination of life-sustaining treatment. University of Washington School of Medicine. Seattle: Department of Medical History and Ethics. Retrieved 3/12/07 at http://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/termlife.html .
Guru, V., Verbeek, P.R. And Morrison, L.J. (1999). Response of paramedics to terminally ill patients with cardiac arrest: an ethical dilemma. CMAJ. 61 Nov; 161(10).
psychodynamic counselors facilitate change?
In order to understand how psychodynamic counselors facilitate change through a therapeutic relationship with their client, it is worth discussing what psychodynamic therapy is, how it is used, how it originated, and who some of its most notable founders were. Towards the end of this document, in the description of how psychodynamic therapy is used, descriptions of recent psychodynamic therapy sessions that the author undertook in a triad setting will be described.
The mind, personality, and psyche are terms that refer to the interrelationships of a person's mental, emotional, or what could be termed psychological characteristics. Another way to think of this is that the psyche, mind, and personality are the forces that drive a person to think what they do, to act out how they choose, the way a person relates to themselves and how they relate to the world around them particularly the role their…...
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REFERENCES
Bowlby, John 1999, Attachment and Loss: Vol I, 2nd Ed. Basic Books, New York.
"Depth Psychology" Stepping Stones: bringing depth psychology to everyday life [online] viewed March 23, 2011, www.depthpsychologytoday.com.
Gay, P 1989, The Freud Reader, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York.
Hall, CS 1954, A Primer in Freudian Psychology. Meridian Books, New York.
Tori J. is a 12-year-old girl who was removed from her family at the age of 8, when she was placed with a foster family. Although her foster mother discussed some episodes of violence and defiance in the home, Tori was not initially violent or defiant in school. However, she frequently failed to complete her assignments, instead spending hours simply looking into space. She also spoke frequently to social workers and school counselors about problems in her foster home including allegations that she was not being fed sufficiently, that they would not purchase school supplies for her, and that there was emotional and physical abuse in their current home. These allegations were reported and determined to be unsubstantiated, but allegations of emotional and physical abuse and neglect in her family home were substantiated. The children were removed because of physical abuse and neglect. Interviews with Tori J.'s older brother…...
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References
AllPsych. (2011). Antisocial personality disorder. Retrieved July 2, 2013 from:
In ode to be ethically sound it must be client-cented.
If a counselo entes into the theapeutic elationship with stess that s/he is not willing to addess accoding to thei own techniques, then even with the best of intentions towad the client it is not possible to be genuine. This does not mean that the counselo is not allowed to expeience the same stesses that his/he clients also expeience. It does meant that a counselo is equied to be honest fist and foemost with him/heself and if that is not possible then attempting honesty with one's clients becomes hypocitical and has an unspoken negative influence on the theapeutic elationship.
Pape #2 Discuss you views on the necessity of getting pesonal theapy duing counseling taining and, late on, as a pofessional counselo. Also, discuss the ethical implications of both tansfeence and countetansfeence. Discuss how you, as a counselo, will ethically handle a…...
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references to the end of the page written. This is very informal. Most of these questions are personal opinions of the individual. Please just use your own belief. I don't have a strong view on any of this.
Although interpersonal and group level communications reside at a lower level than organizational communication, they are major forms of communication in organizations and are prominently addressed in the organizational communication literature. Recently, as organizations became more communication-based, greater attention was directed at improving the interpersonal communication skills of all organizational members. Historically, informal communication was primarily seen as a potential block to effective organizational performance. This is no longer the case is modern times, as on-going, dynamic, and informal communication has become more important to ensuring the effective conduct of work
It is also widely accepted that top managers should communicate directly with immediate supervisors and that immediate supervisors should communicate with their direct reports. In regard to issues of importance, top managers should then follow-up by communicating with employees directly. The Communication Accommodation Theory supports this rationale. In terms of supervisor-employee communication, one researcher argues the difficulty of trusting…...
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Bibliography
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147.
Blumberg, A. (1970). A system for analyzing supervisor-teacher interaction. In A.
Simon & G. Boyer (Eds.), Mirrors for behavior, 3, 29-45.
Davis, T. & Landa, M. (1999). The trust deficit. Management Accounting, 71(10), 12-
transference and transference love, as it is manifest in the psychoanalytic environment. Different therapists have recommended different methods of dealing with this love, which range from simple, knowing transference to idealized transference, and erotic transference. These range from exploring such issues verbally, to the use of surrogates for sex therapy, to sexual involvement with patients. Certain factions within the therapeutic community advocate some or none of these methodologies.
Answering his own question, "What are transferences?" he wrote: "A whole series of psychological experiences are revived, not as belonging to the past, but as belonging to the person of the physician at the present moment.... Psychoanalytic treatment does not create transferences, it merely brings them to light.... Transference, which seems ordained to be the greatest obstacle to psychoanalysis, becomes its most powerful ally if its presence can be detected each time and explained to the person" (1895:116-120). Freud went on to…...
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References
Winnicott, D.W. (1960). "Countertransference." British Journal of Medical Psychology, 33, 17-21.
Balint, M. (1965). Primary love and psychoanalytic technique. London: Tavistock.
Reich, A. (1951). "On countertransference." International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 32, 25-31.
Loewenstein, R.M. (1969). "Developments in the theory of transference in the last fifty years." International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 50, 583-588.
S., experts estimate the genuine number of incidents of abuse and neglect ranges three times higher than reported. (National Child Abuse Statistics, 2006) in light of these critical contemporary concerns for youth, this researcher chose to document the application of Object elation, Attachment Theories, and Self-Psychology to clinical practice, specifically focusing on a patient who experienced abuse when a child. Consequently, this researcher contends this clinical case study dissertation proves to be vital venture, which will contribute to enhancing research in the field of psychology.
For this clinical case study dissertation exploring Object elation, Attachment Theories, and Self-Psychology, along with researching information for the application of these theories to clinical practice, this researcher answered the following research questions.
esearch Questions
What is Winnicott's elational Model Theory?
What is Bowlby's Attachment Theory?
What is Kohut's Self-Psychology?
How may components of these three theories be applied to the clinical case chosen for this clinical case study dissertation's focus?
Enhancing…...
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References
American Psychiatric Association, (2004). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Test Revised. Washington DC.
Blatt, S. (1974). Levels of object representation in anaclytic and introjective depression. New York: International University Press.
Bowlby, J. (1969) Attachment. Volume One of Attachment and Loss, New York: Basic
Ethical Guidelines for Boundary Setting in Healthcare Professional-Client Relationships
1. Respect for Autonomy and Consent:
Healthcare professionals must respect clients' autonomy and right to informed consent. Boundaries should not be imposed or enforced without the client's knowledge and consent. Professionals should ensure clients understand the purpose and potential implications of boundary setting, allowing them to make informed decisions about their care.
2. Prevention of Exploitation:
Healthcare professionals have a duty to protect vulnerable clients from exploitation or manipulation. Boundaries should be established to prevent inappropriate or harmful interactions. Professionals should avoid engaging in any activities that could create a power imbalance or....
Patient explores thoughts and feelings without judgment
Analyst interprets symbolic content to uncover unconscious conflicts
Transference and Countertransference
Patient projects past experiences onto the analyst
....
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