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Customer Relationship Management
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What is Customer Relationship Management?

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) refers to the strategies, technologies, and practices organizations use to manage and analyze interactions with current and potential customers. It appears across business, marketing, information systems, and healthcare management courses because it sits at the intersection of organizational strategy and technology. What makes CRM academically interesting is the tension between the technical infrastructure that supports it — data warehouses, e-commerce platforms, and social media tools — and the human service relationships it is designed to strengthen. Students are asked to examine how companies build loyalty, improve service delivery, and use data to make better decisions about their customers.

The papers archived on this topic reflect a broad range of approaches. Some take a case-study format, analyzing how specific companies in industries like airlines, tourism, and multi-sector corporate groups implement CRM systems and measure outcomes. Others focus on geographic or sectoral contexts, such as CRM adoption in Latin American tourism businesses. Technology-centered papers examine e-CRM and the role of social media in reshaping customer engagement. Still others approach CRM from a policy or managerial angle, exploring decisions like when and how to retain, expand, or even discontinue customer relationships.

A strong essay on CRM requires a focused thesis that connects a specific strategy or technology to a measurable business or service outcome. Evidence drawn from real company examples, industry data, or established frameworks carries the most weight. The most common pitfall is treating CRM as purely a software topic — effective essays address how technology enables relationship-building rather than substituting for it, keeping the focus on customers and service as core concerns.

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Essay Doctorate
Twitter's evolution of revenue models and the promoted trends advertising strategy
Common to many social networking sites, Twitter initially struggled to define what its business model would be over the long-term. Having to triangulate between privacy, security, personal preferences on the one hand and the need for continually providing an open architecture for developers while ensuring an excellent user experience challenged Twitter's senior management initially (Laudon, Traver, 2011). The initial efforts at creating an advertising platform failed as Twitter violated one of these three areas of their business model. Initial efforts at sponsored Tweets were at times done in a surreptitious and often shielded strategy, which made Twitter less trustworthy than Facebook. Facebook's lead of segmenting out users and attempting to sell advertising as well. This ultimately failed due to the lack of precision the Twitter platform had at the time. As Twitter experimented with these advertising models and approaches, they also began to impinge on the privacy of others as well, leading to continued protests from their user base. Exacerbating all of these factors was the continual churn Twitter was experiencing, with many of them leaving the service silently. These users left the service and allowed their accounts to stay on the site, dormant. It is estimated that nearly 30% of a given Twitter user's accounts are dormant. This also made the segmentation model that Twitter initially devised impractical.
Research Paper Doctorate
Pergault's e-commerce strategy and sales force resistance to online ordering
Pergault is a company with 500,000 different MRO products sold to customers in North America. Even though smaller businesses represent about 80% of the customers, the aggregate sales generated from catalog and online…
Research Paper Doctorate
Best Buy's e-commerce strategy using Porter's Five Forces Model
Best Buy continues to lead all retailers in their use of the Internet for attracting, selling, and serving their customers. The intent of this paper is to critically evaluate the e-business strategy of Best Buy and…
Paper Undergraduate
Cloud-based CRM implementation strategy for Verizon Wireless
Verizon's continued growth in consumer and business-based subscriber levels can be attributed to the depth of customer insight and intelligence the company has operated with, in addition to their unique approach to selling services contracts. Cellular and telecommunication services providers must balance a transaction focus to sell more with a relationship focus to keep customers signing up year after year. Many businesses rely on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems to manage this balance between transactions and relationship-based selling (Chen, Popvich, 2003). Verizon is a sales-driven company that has grown quickly through mergers, acquisitions and alliances, and as a result, a transaction mentality pervades the company. The combination of the mergers, acquisitions and alliances and the priority put on new business over renewals has made Verizon suffer at building and maintaining relationships with customers. The company has a disjointed, disconnected series of customer processes that need to be unified through a Cloud-based CRM system. Company Background Verizon (NYSE:VZ) is one of the leading providers of cellular and telecommunications services globally, operating in 150 countries with 92.2 million customers globally. During their latest full fiscal year (FY), the company reporting $110B in revenues, an increase of 4% of their previous full fiscal period. Verizon attained a $12.8B operating profit in their latest fiscal year, which was a decrease of 12.1%. Net Profit during these two time periods also decreased by 5.7% during these fiscal years as well, with the company reporting $2.4B in FY2011. As with many cellular and telecommunications services providers, Verizon has gone through several reorganizations, each being focused on making the company more efficient at driving top-line revenue growth. The strategy has worked to this point and today the company has two globally-based business divisions, Verizon Wireless and Wireline. Verizon generates the majority of their revenues from the consumer segment, the majority of profits from the business and government sectors. In these latter segments it is more difficult to displace a cellular or telecommunication provider once contracts and service agreements are in place. This strategy of lock-in in the business and government sectors have compensated for the exceptionally high churn with consumers and small businesses, a problem hat a CRM system could solve. Business Problems Verizon today operates in 150 nations has partnerships in place with Cellco and Vodafone globally at the service provider level of their business. Verizon also has hundreds of partnerships with local cell phone, cellular equipment and enterprise networking companies as well. The two dominant divisions, Verizon Wireless and Wireline, rely on a procurement and supply chain management system that has over time been customized to the unique requirements of the company. The procurement and supply chain management systems are disconnected form the over two dozen CRM systems in the company as of 2012, which makes it nearly impossible for sales representatives, managers and senior managers to see what equipment they have available for sale. Instead, Verizon has integrated their procurement and supply chain management systems to their catalog management systems first. This is ideally used in a more inventory-based approach to selling which does not take into account customer needs first. Instead, Verizon sales reps are told to sell the products and services that are the most profitable without regard to customer needs. While this approach has been exceptionally successful in driving top-line revenue growth it has not yielded a high level of customer satisfaction. One of the most critical success factors of a CRM system is designing its many attributes to reflect what customers expect to be a successful interaction and relationship (Hsin, 2007). Verizon has today created the integration of their procurement, supply chain and catalog management systems to their many CRM systems for transaction efficiency first. Designing a CRM system for customer satisfaction first and transactions second or even third is critical to meeting and exceeding customer expectations on a consistent basis (Adalikwu, 2012).
Research Paper Doctorate
Improving customer service technology management and department performance
Technology Management and Improving Department Performance
Essay Doctorate
Relationship marketing strategies for increasing community college athletic program profitability
You have been hired as a consultant by a community college to help them increase the profitability of their athletic program. Discuss the recommendations that you would make regarding the use of relationship marketing…
Paper Doctorate
Apple Inc.'s strategies for creating customer loyalty and satisfaction
The editors at Inside CRM (customer relationship management) have an undying attention towards the assessment of customer services across a wide array of sectors, industries and institutions. One notable article they wrote is about Apple Inc., a leading company of the IT industry, and which provides an example of business success. The title of this article is rather edificatory for the contents of the works, namely "11 effective strategies Apple uses to create loyal customers. Complete solutions, familiar formats and "the cool factor" keep customers coming back."
Paper Undergraduate
Organizational politics and customer relationship management at Verizon Telecommunications
Creating an effective change management plan needs to begin a a solid platform of leadership and a focus on how best to use IT resources over time. this plan concentrates on the critical success factors of Verizon Telecommunications and its continued growth as a customer-driven organization. there are recommendations on how best to align the organizational structure to specific customer needs included in the analysis.
Essay Doctorate
Michelin's competitive advantage through environmental sustainability and product diversification
Michelin has a unique opportunity to emerge from the financial recession that crippled the tire industry in 2009. Not only did the company survive this downturn, but they are better positioned to increase their market share as the industry rebounds. It was found that the company should further leverage its dedication to environmental sustainability to increase its product diversification. The company has already emerged as a leader in this pursuit and has brought to market innovative technologies that reduce fuel consumption on the vehicles that they are equipped with Michelin's tires. Michelin should work to further capital this competitive advantage. This strategy will work to carve out a niche in the short term while better positioning the company for the inevitable increase in environmental regulations.
Paper Undergraduate
Chatbot technology's effectiveness for customer relationship management and support
"Agree or disagree: Chatbox technology can provide effective CRM without customer frustration and cognitive dissonance. Defend your position."