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What is Debate?

Debate, as an academic subject within communications, encompasses the structured examination of contested issues through reasoned argument, evidence, and rebuttal. It appears across disciplines ranging from political science and law to ethics, linguistics, and cultural studies. What makes debate academically compelling is its demand for both analytical rigor and rhetorical precision — students must not only understand an issue but construct and defend a position against opposing claims. The breadth of topics treated under this heading reflects how fundamental argumentation is to academic inquiry itself, touching on moral permissibility, policy, identity, economics, and justice.

Papers on this topic take a wide range of approaches. Some engage directly with ethical debates, examining questions such as the moral permissibility of abortion or the role race plays in the death penalty. Others are comparative, weighing the influence of historical events or contrasting cultural and religious frameworks such as Mahayana Buddhism or restorative justice models. Case-study approaches appear alongside policy analyses, including discussions of financing professional sports arenas or the international economics of trade. Research design and methodology also feature prominently, with some papers focusing on how to propose and justify an appropriate method for investigating a debatable question.

A strong essay on a debate topic requires a clearly scoped thesis that takes a defensible position rather than merely summarizing multiple viewpoints. Evidence drawn from credible primary and secondary sources — legal cases, scholarly research, historical records, or policy documents — carries the most weight. One common pitfall is treating both sides of an issue as equally supported when the available evidence actually favors one position; a well-argued essay acknowledges counterarguments but does not artificially balance an uneven evidentiary record.

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Paper Undergraduate
Ethics in contemporary blog discourse
The Information age has brought with it both advantages and disadvantages. Many critics believe that the disadvantages far outweigh the advantages in terms of the stress created by the sheer volume of information, much…
Paper Doctorate
Biblical authority, inspiration, and inerrancy in NIV translation
Biblical authority is conferred by the idea that the scriptures are the direct Word of God given by Jesus Christ. This idea is explored in greater detail in the present essay, which evaluates the authority, inspiration and inerrancy implications by the Bible. Inerrancy is a particular focus in defining the Bible's practical value.
Paper Doctorate
Reasons euthanasia remains illegal and ethical counterarguments
Introduction Euthanasia otherwise known as assisted suicide refers to the painless extermination of a patient suffering from terminal illnesses or painful or incurable disease. According to Cavan & Dolan, euthanasia is the practice or act of permitting the death of hopelessly injured or sick individuals in a painless means for the purpose of mercy (Cavan & Dolan 12). The techniques used in euthanasia induce numerous artifacts such as shifts in regional brain chemistry, liver metabolism and epinephrine levels causing death. Advocates of euthanasia trust that sparing a patient needless suffering or pain is a good thing. If an individual is hopelessly hurt or ill with no hope of ever getting well, if such a person is in an unending and unbearable pain and cannot experience the things that make life meaningful, the best option for such patients is euthanasia. Euthanasia raises questions on morals, legal and essence of medicine. The essence of medicine is to advocate for human life, and doctors are supposed to conserve life and find treatment to all types of illness. Types of Euthanasia The society and legal provisions, are supposed to safeguard human life and uphold individuals rights to life. There are three forms of euthanasia. They include voluntary euthanasia, which is a form of active euthanasia conducted at the request of a client. The other form of euthanasia is involuntary euthanasia also known as mercy killing or taking of a patient life without the consent of the patient, but with the aim of relieving suffering. The third type of euthanasia is nonvoluntary euthanasia, which refers to the euthanasia conducted even if the client is not competent enough to give consent. Nonvoluntary euthanasia is illegal in almost all countries including Netherlands (Devettere 317). The History of Euthanasia The debate regarding euthanasia dates from the ancient Rome and Greece. Physicians started to advocate for the utilization of anesthetics to mitigate pain of death. In 1870, a physician by the name Samuel Williams recommended the use of morphine and anesthetics to end the life of a patient deliberately. This followed debates regarding euthanasia ethics in Britain and the United States. The debate ended in 1906 with Ohio State sanctioning a bill to make euthanasia legal, but the bill was defeated. According to McDougall & Gorman, the translation good death implies that the Romans and Greeks who coined this term agreed on the fundamental aspects (Dowbiggin 6). With official permission, people of Athens could get a dose of poison, which allowed them to choose between life and death. The Romans never punished people who tried to committed suicide unless such people were irrational. The dearth of cases of assisted suicide does not imply that euthanasia was not evident in the ancient times. The tale narrated by Pliny the Younger, a renowned roman writer who lived between 62-and114 AD says much about the nonjudgmental stance of the ancient Romans toward fathoming what constituted a good death. Later in the 20th Century, advocates of euthanasia looked back fondly on the attitude and cited it as a reason for overturning accepted interpretations of the human life value (Dowbiggin 7). However, the ancient Roman definition of a good death toppled by the revolutionary Christian doctrine maintaining the inviolability of life and condemning suicide, mercy killing or assisted suicide. Euthanasia is illegal in scores of countries, but doctors perform it even in nations where it is illegal. The legal prohibition of euthanasia and the refusal in the law to accept a patients consent to act as possible justification of homicide are due to intricacies in legal processes. When processes are designed and establish the voluntariness of a patients request for assisted suicide, such process portrays a cautiously circumscribed qualification. The illegality of euthanasia defer with states and countries. For instance, in Britain, euthanasia is illegal and killing a person intentionally is manslaughter or murder even though the person requests to die Under the Suicide Act endorsed in 1961, it is a criminal act in Britain to counsel or assist someone to take his own life, and this crime is punishable by law. Euthanasia is illegal in almost all states in the United States apart from Oregon state, Washington state and Montana, and it is punishable by law. For instance, Dr. Jack Kevorkian, known for helping terminal patients to die received an imprisonment for a second-degree murder for providing suicide advice to patients. He served 8 years of his ten to twenty five years prison sentence and he got released on parole in 2007 (McDougall & Gorman 584). In 1977, in the case between Quill v, Vacco and Washington v. Glucksberg, the Supreme Court declared that banning euthanasia is constitutional. This was when Dr. Jack Kevorkians string of helping patient commit suicide came to halt when the Michigan jury found him guilty of murder Thomas Youk (McDougall & Gorman 584). On the other hand, Netherlands legalized euthanasia through endorsing the Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide Act (Cohen-Almagor 169) .The Act allows patients above twelve years to request or undergo euthanasia. However, patients between 12 and 16 years require the consent of their parents. The country does not punish those who conduct assisted suicide in respect to the principle of due care (Cohen-Almagor 169). Patients experiencing hopeless and unbearable pain can request euthanasia to put to an end their humiliation, and the physician conducting it reports to the review committee. In May 2005, Terri Schiavo died at 41 years. Her death followed numerous years in a persistent vegetative state and prolonged legal battle between her husband and her parents concerning the husbands decision to remove life support machine including a feeding tube and hydration. The husband believed that his wife was in unbearable and unmanageable condition, which abased her for over five years. For many years, doctors declare an expletive to defend a standard of care and ethics developed for the advantage of patients. In this regard, conducting assisted suicide challenges the moral and ethical principles of the medical provision. The essence of medicine is to uphold human life and seek solutions to health issues that affect human beings. If the society allows assisted suicide, then the essence of medicine becomes jeopardized (Baird 117). It is important to appreciate that medicine is an imperative healing endeavor, which does not advocate for euthanasia. People who help patients to end their agony through administration of injections and deadly drugs, such as morphine, to individuals who have lost sanguinity in life disregard the healing process. Doctors should not be in a hurry to ignore the knowledge that God has given them. Legalizing euthanasia would make people who believe that they have lost optimism in life and those who spend substantial amount of money on medical bills feel free to appeal for assisted suicide. Such people can emote and pretend they are in great pain to seek sympathy and permission to end their lives (Baird 117). Most states constitutions stresses on the rights to life, and not rights to death. Some laws provide that more steps that are effective should be applicable in ensuring that superlative concern of the dying is provided. Life persists to be sought-after even when it is not promising and hence illegalization of euthanasia. In event when assisted suicide is legalized, the handicapped, the marginalized and the underprivileged that are forever in distress would capriciously request for assisted suicide and demand for their rights when they demand for euthanasia (Baird 117). Legalizing euthanasia would question the human conscience and the role of doctors in supporting life. Doctors are not in the business of assisting people to die neither are they in the business of prompting premature deaths to benefit those in the mortuary trade. Owing to the fact that, roles of medical practitioners is to do the best for his/her patient, most doctors would not choose assisted suicide as the best thing for their patients. They would make all efforts to try to look for solutions even when they know fatality is knocking. Under the Geneva Declaration, the health of a patient should be first consideration of a medical practitioner and medical practitioners should uphold utmost respect for human life. Under the same declaration, medical practitioners should not utilize their medical knowledge to infringe civil liberties and human rights even when under threat. As a result, euthanasia whether given on patient or family request fails to respect the ethics of medicine since the code of conducts of medical doctors and physicians provides that,' no deadly medicine should be administered to any patient. Legalizing euthanasia also jeopardizes the trust between a doctor and a patient. Doctors role is to preserve life and not to kill even if the patient desires to die. In addition, assisted death fails to respect God's supreme role in human life, and if legalized would fail to recognize the possible case of misdiagnosis. Legalizing euthanasia would contravene the most important discrepancy between active and non-active measures whereby they fail to let the nature acquire its course by letting a person die naturally. Proponents of assisted death do not recognize the possibility of misdiagnosis Anti-thesis Proponents of legalization of assisted suicide believe that if assisted suicide aims at ending intolerable and unmanageable suffering, then doctors should render it to patients but upon request. They argue that patients hold the autonomy to decide what is good for them. For patients with incurable diseases which essentially makes the patient lack the meaning and purpose of existence, assisted death should be their best option as this will lessen they distress and emotional suffering of people close to her (Levene 205). For instance, Michael, the husband to Terrie felt that the only option to ease his emotional pain and that of his wife was to help her die through withdrawing the feeding tubes and life support machine. Terri Schiavo had suffered since 1999 to 2005, and had been on life support machine for all that period until her mercy killing in May 2005. Assisted suicide usually helps in reducing pain, desperation, humiliation as well as torment. In such a case, proponents of euthanasia believe that euthanasia performed in extreme cases of hopelessness and under patient or familys request is not bad. Although assisted suicide leads to inconsistency between values and good morals that forbids killing, it encourages mercifulness. Euthanasia is appropriate if it helps in doing away with intolerably oppressive existence (Back 4). For the general purpose of the distress and concerned relatives, assisted death should be legalized to show mercy and compassion to those who are suffering by helping them to die in dignity. Nobody loves to die but hopelessness and unendurable situations makes one to desire to die. Conclusion Many states have not legalized Euthanasia because it contravenes medical, ethical and moral values. However, there are a few states where it is applicable under patients or familys request like in the case of Terrie Schiavo. In countries where assisted suicide illegal, law punishes those who carry out these acts. While people believe that those who request for euthanasia exercise their personal free will and freedom, doctors cannot assist people to die because this challenges their conscience, dignity and medical ethics. While legal endorsement of euthanasia would help reduce prolonged pain to a patient and his/her family, doctors should never use their medical knowledge to harm the health of a patient but should instead uphold it at all cost. This work focuses on Euthanasia which entails the painless extermination of a patient suffering from terminal illnesses or painful or incurable disease. The civilization and legal provisions, are supposed to defend human life and uphold individuals rights to life. The debate regarding euthanasia dates from the ancient Rome and Greece. Legalizing euthanasia would question the human sense of right and wrong and the responsibility of doctors in supporting life. Legalizing euthanasia also jeopardizes the trust between a doctor and a patient. The work also strives to review how theProponents of legalization of assisted suicide aims at ending intolerable and unmanageable suffering
Paper Doctorate
Herdt, G. (2004). Sexual Development, Social Oppression,
This is an article review of an article on adolescent psychology. It examines essentialist, Freudian and biological constructs of developmental sexuality versus socially-constructed theories of development. The author stresses the need to acknowledge the importance of culture in shaping our understanding of how adolescents experience their transition into adulthood. Particular attention is given to non-normative sexual development, such as the development of female sexuality in patriarchal, traditional cultures and gay sexuality in all cultures.
Paper Undergraduate
Technological Effects on Journalism Through
The traditional processes and roles of journalism are going through disruptive economic, social and political change as a result of the pervasive influence and impact of the Internet and social media. The nature of journalism itself is changing fast as the accumulated effects of the Internet reorder the economics of this industry (Thiel, 2005). With the rapid shifts in the underlying technologies increasing the speed of reporting, there is a corresponding shift in how news is produced and published (Nancy, 2000). With the accelerating speed of reporting there however have been continual challenges surrounding accountability and ethics (Overholser, 2009). Balancing the convenience and speed of the Internet as a publishing platform and the unique, highly targeted nature of social media for reaching multiple audiences into journalism continues to revolutionize the reader experience (Murdoch, 2010). The intent of this analysis is to provide a historical context as to how the Internet is changing journalism today, what the key technologies are that are impacting journalism, and assess the impact of social media on the journalism profession. Historical Analysis of Journalism in the Internet Age The Internet has swiftly progressed from a news-gathering platform to a publishing medium (Loop, 1999) This transition has drastically re-ordered the economics of news reporting and analysis, and also has led to entirely unforeseen ethical, legal and regulatory implications of journalistic practices and integrity (Nancy, 2000). Amidst all of these shifts in the industry structure and potential for profitability has been the rise of independent journalists who are often given equal or even greater attention and readership from the public. Rupert Murdoch sees the growth of the Internet as inexorable and completely capable of re-defining the economics of traditional news gathering, analysis, reporting and syndication (Murdoch, 2010). The fact that many bloggers have more loyal audiences that even the most well-known journalists is a case in point. The inflexion point for the journalism industry began when the Internet and its rapid publishing platforms including blogs, Wikis, video blogs and podcasts collectively created a foundation of trusted content faster and with greater candidness than traditional journalists could (Picard, 2009). Paralleling this shift in trust from the traditional journalists to the blogger community was increasing scrutiny of just how unbiased traditional journalists were. During election years as 2012 has been in the United States there is also the question of just how unbiased the traditional journalists are with regard to reporting the policies and platforms of presidential candidates (Picard, 2009). What's emerging from this analysis of traditional versus online media is the question of accuracy, authenticity, and trustworthiness of each type of media. Traditional media outlets that veer in the far left and right of political views as Fox News has been known to do for example illustrate this dichotomy.
Paper Doctorate
Political Beliefs of Thomas Jefferson
The founding of a nation represents one of the most important parts in the history of the country. It lays the foundation of the government, of the political thoughts to be engaged, and, most importantly, of the general…
Research Paper Undergraduate
British Labour Party That Came
¶ … British Labour Party that came into existence at the start of the 20th century as the representative of the working class with a socialist agenda has undergone a radical change in its ideology, particularly in the…
Paper Undergraduate
Schools of Inductivism and Deductivism
Argumentation in general has lain the way, ever since the philosophers of Antiquity, to two opposing schools of inductivism and deductivism. As opposed to inductivism, deductivism starts with the formulation of a…
Paper Undergraduate
Rebecca Dresser and John Robertson
Rebecca Dresser and John Robertson argue, in essence, that it is impossible for a competent individual to foresee his or her future own interests as an incompetent patient. Living wills and advanced directives appear to…
Paper Undergraduate
Adult Education AB Annotated Bibliography
D'Angelo, J.M., & Woosley, S.A. (2007). Technology in the Classroom: Friend or Foe. Education, 127(4), 462.