Managing Knowledge/Knowledge Management Systems Taking Apple Inc.
Historically, the labor force would be represented from people paid low wages and expected to operate the machines and to implement the decisions as taken and instructed by the managers. Throughout the past recent decades nevertheless, the society has modernized and it came to raise more challenges and opportunities for the labor force. For instance, legislations were developed to protect the employees, technologies evolved to allow an increase in operational efficiency and the economy shifted from industry and manufacturing to services.
International Organizational Structures Companies Engaging in Global
International Organizational Structures
In an effort to effectively globally compete, companies have adopted structures or models including but not limited to: Global Product Structure/Model; Global Area Structure/Model; Global Functional Structure/Model; and Global Customer Structure Model. The Global Product Structure/Model used by Eaton Corporation, for example, configures business divisions along product lines, allowing each division manager to handle all aspects of production and distribution for his/her division's product. The Global Area (or "Geographic") Structure Model employed by Nestle, for example, is designed for emphasis on serving needs of local or regional markets with multiple domestic strategies. The Global Functional Structure/Model once followed by NetLogic Microsystems, for example, divides business activities according to specialization. Finally, the Global Customer Structure/Model once used by Xerox, for example, focuses on distinct customer groups with unique buying processes. Just as research shows the advantages and disadvantages of each Structure/Model, it also shows that changing external and internal conditions have sometimes forced companies to shift from one model to another in order to sharpen a competitive edge and survive.
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