Ethnic/Minority Humor
An Example of Stereotypical Humor

A little Mexican boy goes into the kitchen where his mom is baking. He puts his hand in the flour and wipes it all over his face and says, "Look mom, I'm a white boy!" His mom slaps him in the face and says, "Go show your father." He goes to his dad in the living room and says, "Look Dad, I'm a white boy." His dad slaps him hard in the face and says, "Go show your grandmother." The boy goes into his grandmother's room and say, "Mira, Abuelita, I'm a white boy." His grandmother slaps him in the face and sends him back to his mother. His mother says, "See, did you learn anything from that?" To which the boy replies, "Sure did! I have only been white for five minutes and I already hate you Mexicans!" ("Mexican Jokes.").

Discussion

This joke contains several assumptions…...

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Works Cited

"PC to the Rescue." Joke Budda. Columbia University Daily Spectator. (NDI). 22 July 2011.

"Mexican Jokes."Mexican Jokes.net. (NDI). 22 July 2011.

Lastly, there are also rather small communities of: Turkish, Greek, Arabic, and Jewish
Marketing to ethnic minorities," n.d.).

As Larry Light, McDonald's executive vice president and global chief marketing officer, noted at a speech to the Association of National Advertisers Annual Conference, in 2004, "Mass marketing is a mass mistake" (cited "Multichannel," 2005). What Light understood is that only through multidimensional, multi-segment marketing can organizations hope to compete in an ever diversifying world.

Ethnic minority marketing is not a new concept for McDonald's (Cebrzynski, 1998). It has utilized highly targeted advertising and marketing communications in the past, with great success. This has led the company to its global success, with a ranking, by Interbrand, as the 7th most powerful brand in the world. One way the company has accomplished this is with their unique form of ethnic minority marketing in the form of 'brand journalism' ("Multichannel," 2005). In fact, one of McDonald's…...

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References

Cebrzynski, G. 9 Feb 1998, "McDonald's advertising campaign targets Denver minorities," Nation's Restaurant News vol. 32, no. 6, p. 8.

Cui, G. Winter 1997, "Marketing strategies in a multi-ethnic environment," Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 122-134.

Cui, G. & Choudhury, P. 2002, "Marketplace diversity and cost-effective marketing strategies," the Journal of Consumer Marketing vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 54-73.

Krauss, M. 21 May 2001, "After the dot-com crash, marketing isn't easier," Marketing News vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 8-9.

Especially in major centers, the majority of at-risk adolescents are Latino and African-American youth (Yanvey, 1992). Yancey (1992) examined identity development among ethnic minority adolescents in the foster care system. This researcher explained how the occurrence of societal problems, such as unintentional pregnancy, childbearing, substance abuse, underachievement, discontinuation of education at an early point, homelessness, and dependency on social service and mental health resources was disproportionately pronounced among ethnic minorities. In regards to ethnic minority youth in the foster care system, Yancey (1992; p.819) "postulated that their social maladaptation is reflective of identity disturbances created by the negative images of African-Americans and Latinos perpetuated by the dominant society and unfiltered by optimal parental racial socialization." This statement expresses the profound influence that society's attitudes can have on the identity development of ethnic adolescents, and indicates a direction in which interventions could improve the racial socialization practices among parents.

The effect that…...

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Reference

Allison, B. (2001). Interpersonal identity formation during early adolescence. Adolescence, 36, 509-23.

Greig, R. (2003). Ethnic identity development: implications for mental health in African-American and Hispanic adolescents. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24(3), 317-31.

Hughes, D. (2003). Correlates of African-American and Latino parents' messages to children about ethnicity and race: a comparative study of racial socialization. American Journal of community Psychology, 31(1-2), 15-33.

James, W., Kim, G., Armijo, E. (2000). The influence of ethnic identityon drug use among ethnic minority adolescents. Journal of Drug Education, 30(3), 265-80.

In this sense, "During the 1950s and 1960s, especially after the falling-out between hina and the former Soviet Union, the hinese government actively relocated Han hinese to frontier provinces such as Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang, in order to consolidate the border in light of possible military threat from the Soviets"
. Therefore, the decision to intervene in the ethnic composition of the region was not only a choice related to the national identity of the country but also to geostrategic aspects.

After the end of the old War, the region remained of importance for hina form the perspective of the national identity as well as crucial natural resources, which include oil reserves. From this perspective, massive investments have been conducted in the region, stating the official reason to be the reduction of the disparities between the regions of hina. In this sense, "Rich in natural gas, oil, and warm weather…...

According to a 2001 study, 86% of protagonists were white males, non-white males were portrayed in stereotypical ways: "seven out of ten Asian characters as fighters, and eight out of ten African-Americans as sports competitors" (Ethnic pp). Roughly nine out of ten African-American females were victims of violence, twice the rate of white females (Ethnic pp). Moreover, 79% of African-American males were shown as verbally and physically aggressive, compared to 57% of white males (Ethnic pp).
According to a 1998 study, children associate white characters with various attributes, such as having lots of money, being well educated, being a leaders, doing well in school, and being intelligent, while they associate minority characters with breaking the law, having a difficult time financially, being lazy, and acting goofy (Ethnic pp). Some researchers argue that if a group is over-represented, they see many opportunities and choices, while if they are under-represented, the reverse…...

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Works Cited

Analysis: Minorities, media a potent mix." United Press International. July 14

2003. Retrieved August 2, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.

Brain, Mary. "The Portrayal of Women in U.S. Prime Time Television."

Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. January 01, 1999. Retrieved August 2, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.

Timmons (1994) in his study presents a three-dimensional model of practical application of a good idea:
Comprehensive evaluation of the opportunity;

Comprehensive evaluation of one's own expertise and inclination; and Comprehensive evaluation of the resources gathering process to maintain the launch of business venture.

Long and McMullan (1984) propose that application of a good idea depends on two processes; namely, elaboration and evaluation. Singh (1998) found that those entrepreneurs who spend more time studying the pros and cons of an idea before embarking on its application tend to set up fewer businesses than those who spend less time in the elaboration and evaluation phase. However, Singh (1998) points out that higher majority of successful entrepreneurs are those who spend more time in elaboration and evaluation.

1.4 Traits of entrepreneurs

Wright et al. (1997a) studied motivational drivers of entrepreneurs and found that entrepreneurs are primarily driven by either one or both factors. They divided entrepreneurs…...

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References

Adler, P. & Kwon, S. (2000). Social capital: The good, the bad and the ugly. In E. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and social capital: Foundations and applications (pp. 80-115). Boston: Butterworth-Heineman.

Aldrich, H. & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship through social networks. In D. Sexton and R. Smilor (Eds), the art and science of entrepreneurship (pp. 3-23). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

Aldrich, H., Rosen, B., and Woodward, W. (1987) "The impact of social networks on business foundings and profit: a longitudinal study," in Churchill, N.C., Hornaday, J.A., Kirchoff, B.A. et al. (eds) Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Welles-ley, MA: Babson College.

Amabile, T.M. (1988) "A model of creativity and innovation in organizations," in Staw, B. And Cummings, L.L. (eds) Research in Organizational Behavior, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Ethnic Cleansing Among African Tribes
Ethnic Cleansing

Can past and present campaigns for ethnic cleansing among some African tribes be attributed to illiteracy? While empirical evidence exists supporting some evidence that illiteracy may contribute a small amount to ethnic cleansing, it is not the primary impetus behind mass genocide. esearch shows that campaigns for ethnic cleansing among certain African tribes cannot be entirely prevented with only the eradication of illiteracy because of territorial conflicts, historical grievances and religious intolerance. Shaw (2003) notes that historically, territorial grievances and religious intolerance are among the top reasons for ethnic cleansing throughout the world. Consider the case of Hitler, where mass ethnic cleansing reached its peak, primarily for reasons including religious intolerance, with secondary factors including history and territorial imperialism. It is critical to gather qualitative evidence supporting this theory to attempt to salvage what little hope there is left for African nations that still struggle…...

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References:

Abdul-Jalil, M.A. (2006). "The dynamics of customary land tenure and natural resource management in Darfur," Land Reform, 2: 9-23 FAO.

A review of African past and historical troubles, including immense suffering in Darfur; study of conflicts between civil, government and religious institutions, and how these have resulted in calamity and ethnic cleansing.

Chua, A. (2004). World on fire: How exporting free market democracy breeds ethnic hatred and global instability. New York: Anchor Books.

Argues and analyzes how "market dominant" ethnic minority groups are often the primary targets for violence from poor majority, especially when opportunities arise from wealthy minority arise as in during elections to remove poor minority or eradicate poor minority from influence.

Minority Healthcare Issues in the United States
Minority racial and ethnic groups in the United States have long been subject to disparities in access and deliver of healthcare services (Graham & Dietz, 2011). According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, approximately 33% of Americans self-identify themselves as being African-American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific American, or Latino (Minority health, 2013). The Kaiser Family Foundation also emphasizes that, "acial/ethnic background is associated with health status, health insurance coverage, and health care access and quality, with people of color consistently faring poorer on many health outcomes" (Minority health, 2013, para. 2).

Although steps have been taken to address these disparities in healthcare outcomes (Smedley, 2006), there remains a lack of consensus among policymakers concerning optimal courses of action (Minority health, 2013). Moreover, many minority members who live in rural American communities remain underserved by the medical profession (Holley, 2013). According to Holley (2013), "This shortage is…...

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References

Graham, G.N. & Dietz, D. (2011, November/December). And quality healthcare for all:

Reducing health disparities in America. Aging Today, 32(6), 5.

Holley, K.A. (2013, February 15). Rural minority student engagement with a healthcare pipeline program. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 28(4), 1-3.

Komen, S.G. (2003, May). Minority women are less likely than Caucasian women to get mammograms. Marketing to Women, 16(5), 10.

While under the conditions of crushing poverty and without a strong movement based on the working class and peasantry and are able to explain and fight for a socialist alternative to the devastation that capitalism and imperialism brought along, conflicts that arise from religious and ethnic differences are bound to develop (Simpson, 2004). Simpson (2004) further writes that the reactionary elements within many ethnic groupings have intervened into the vacuum and as a result increased the already present divisions, thereby creating an ideological basis for increasing these divisions as a means of underpinning the hold they have established on the power amongst the masses.
In conclusion, the ethnic cleansing that is taking place in Sudan and especially Darfur has surpassed the wandan genocide of 1994. Simpson (2004) wrote that the ongoing cycle of wars, poverty and starvation, which is the lot of the population of sub-Saharan Africa, is the product…...

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References

Children's Hunger Relief. (n.d.). Horrifying Conditions continue in Sudan. Retrieved August

13, 2010, from  http://www.chrf.org/sudan.html 

Blum, R., Stanton, G.H., Sagi, S. And Richter, E. (2007). 'Ethnic Cleansing' bleaches the atrocities of genocide. The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access, 18(2),

1-6.

Introduction
According to Phinney and Alipuria (1987), ethnic self-identity is the sense of self that an individual feels; being a member of an ethnic group, along with the behavior and attitudes with that feeling (p. 36). The authors point out that the development of ethnic identity is an evolution from the point of an ethnic identity that is not examined through an exploration period, so as to resonate with a specified and attained ethnic identity (p. 38).

Ethnic identity refers to a feeling, attitude and identification of one with the behavior and character of people of a specified culture and cultural ethos. They often have a common origin, values, beliefs, practices, customs and other commonalities. Therefore, as opposed to the race concept in which the physical traits are the main controlling factor, ethnicity relates to the common values, beliefs and concepts help by a group of people (Yeh & Huang, 1996).

Ethnic Minority…...

Hence, his plan here was not even based upon the assumption of ethnic plurality, but simply upon his own hunger for territorial power.
Franjo Tudjman, equally power hungry, was the elected president of Croatia in 1990. His focus was not ethnic plurality. Rather, his aim was to establish a Croatian state for Croatians, without providing any minority rights to other citizens. For this reason, his focus on Bosnia was also to annex the Croatian areas of the country.

The respective nationalistic and dictatorship tendencies of these two leaders, far more than intergroup ethnic conflict, have led to the complete destruction of ethnic plurality in Bosnia. Even in cities, such as Sarajevo, where ethnic groups lived peacefully side by side, political manipulation has caused only destruction. Instead of ethnic pluralism, media such as television has caused rampant nationalism, which fed on the historic fears of ethnic groups to stir them to uncharacteristic…...

, Ellingstad,
Timothy, and Brown, Sandra A. (2006). Adolescent Self-Selection of Service Formats:

Implications for Secondary Interventions Targeting Alcohol Use. The American Journal on Addictions, ol. 15, 58-66.

The authors employed three formats of intervention (individual, group, and website) on youth in four schools over a four-year window of time. The results of this survey (which involved "Project Options") of 1,147 students is that minority teens who willingly sought alcohol services preferred to receive interventions in a private context rather than in group therapy.

Gil, Andres G., Wagner, Eric F., and Tubman, Jonathan G. (2004). Culturally sensitive substance abuse intervention for Hispanic and African-American adolescents: empirical examples from the Alcohol Treatment Targeting Adolescents in Need (ATTAIN) Project. Addiction,

2(99), 140-150.

This article offers a strategy that (in this case) significantly reduced use of marijuana and alcohol in all ethnic groups involved in the project. Some 213 juvenile offenders participated in this research; instituting interventions that were…...

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Von Wormer, Katherine, and McKinney, Robin. (2003). What Schools Can do To Help Gay/

Lesbian/Bisexual Youth: A Harm Reduction Approach. Adolescence, 38(151), 409-420.

Von Wormer asserts through this article that because adjusting to heterosexual environment in public schools -- and dealing with the bias that often is in evidence -- is difficult, it is a "major cause of psychological problems" which leads these minorities to alcohol and drug abuse issues.

Hundreds of Chinese people had been murdered and Chinese women had been raped and insulted in the streets in front of crowds of Indonesians. Some of the Chinese that escaped the massacre had taken refuge in the nearest countries.
The Indonesians have adopted an anti-Chinese nature in the recent decades and most Chinese are denied several human rights. On of the reasons for why Indonesians might hate Chinese people would be their wealth. In reality, the number of poor Chinese-Indonesians is far greater than that of the wealthy Chinese-Indonesians with most of them owning small businesses or having low-skilled jobs.

As a method of making Chinese leave the country, Indonesians have adopted a series of laws restricting Chinese people from following their customs and traditions in public display. Furthermore, names of Chinese origin had been forbidden, Chinese people being forced to choose Indonesian names.

According to Hoon Chang Yau, after the overthrow…...

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Works Cited

Harsono, Andreas. "Indonesian Chinese Fear Economic Discrimination." 2004. 5 Dec. 2008.  http://andreasharsono.blogspot.com/2004/11/indonesian-chinese-fears-economic.html 

Chinese Identity in Post-Suharto Indonesia: CY Hoon's New Book." Knowledge SMU. 4 Nov. 2008. 5 Dec. 2008.  http://knowledge.smu.edu.sg/article.cfm?articleid=1173 

The Chinese dilemma." BBC News. 1 Jun. 1999.

Through policies of systematic discrimination and persecution of national minorities, Serb nationalists indirectly strengthened the radical wing of Albanian nationalist movements. The wing was represented by KSA (Kosovo Liberation Army). Most of the KSA leadership, Hedges writes, has formerly been imprisoned for separatist activities, and many were imprisoned by the Tito's communist government. The KSA's ideological base, Hedges writes, comes from a bizarre mixture of fascist and communist factions. Later in the 1990s, KSA began to receive financial and logistical support from Islamist radical groups in the Gulf States as well.
Hedges argues that KSA initially did not have the support of the majority. The radical group began to garner support after the policies pursued by Ibrahim Rugova have allegedly failed. The continuing mistreatment of Kosovo Albanians by the Serbian state and the inability of the international community to resolve the issue (for example, the European Union's recognition of Yugoslavia…...

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Works Cited

Hedges, Chris. "Kosovo's Next Masters?" Foreign Affairs 78.3 (1999): 24-42.

Mertus, Julie. "Slobodan Milosevic: Myth and Responsibility." OpenDemocracy (16 March 2006).

unning Head: ACIAL AND ETHNIC MINOITY GOUPS 5ACIAL AND ETHNIC MINOITY GOUPSacial and Ethnic Minority GroupsCOVID-19 Affect on some Ethnic and acial Minority GroupsIntroductionLong-standing social inequalities have placed several individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups at a raised risk of acquiring COVID-19 and dying from it. acial and ethnic minority groups include individuals of color with a range of experiences and backgrounds. However, some encounters are common to individuals within these groups. Social determinants of health have always barred them from having fair opportunities for emotional, physical, and economic well-being.According to Kirby (2020), there is rising evidence that some racial and ethnic minority groups are affected disproportionately by COVID-19. Factors such as healthcare access and poverty affect these groups. To attain health equity, barriers must be eliminated so everybody can have a fair opportunity to be healthy. In the United States, Blacks are acquiring COVID-19 at an alarming rate,…...

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ReferencesFairlie, R. W., Couch, K., & Xu, H. (2020). The impacts of COVID-19 on minority unemployment: First evidence from April 2020 CPS microdata (No. w27246). National Bureau of Economic Research.Kirby, T. (2020). Evidence mounts on the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on ethnic minorities. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(6), 547-548.Moore, J. T., Ricaldi, J. N., Rose, C. E., Fuld, J., Parise, M., Kang, G. J., ... & Honein, M. A. (2020). Disparities in incidence of COVID-19 among underrepresented racial/ethnic groups in counties identified as hotspots during June 5–18, 2020—22 states, February–June 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(33), 1122.Shippee, T. P., Akosionu, O., Ng, W., Woodhouse, M., Duan, Y., Thao, M. S., & Bowblis, J. R. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: exacerbating racial/ethnic disparities in long-term services and supports. Journal of aging & social policy, 32(4-5), 323-333.Tai, D. B. G., Shah, A., Doubeni, C. A., Sia, I. G., & Wieland, M. L. (2021). The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 72(4), 703-706.

Systematic Racism in Healthcare: Impact on Marginalized Communities
Systematic racism, a form of institutionalized discrimination, is deeply embedded in the healthcare system, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. Its consequences extend beyond unequal access to care, resulting in disparate health outcomes and social injustices.
1. Disparities in Access to Care
Racism in healthcare manifests in limited access to quality healthcare services for marginalized communities. Barriers include:
Cultural insensitivity: Healthcare providers may lack understanding of cultural differences, leading to misunderstandings and mistrust.
Language barriers: Providers may not speak the patient's primary language, hindering communication and access to information.
Financial barriers: Uninsured or underinsured individuals may face....

I. Introduction

1. Cultural Background Influence on Social Media Usage

   1. Different cultural norms and values dictate social media behavior
   2. Traditional beliefs may influence the types of content shared

2. Cultural Background Influence on Self-Expression Practices

   1. Cultural influence on self-image portrayed online
   2. Cultural expectations shaping the way individuals express themselves on social media

II. Body

1. Cultural Values Impacting Communication Styles

   1. Direct vs. indirect communication influenced by cultural background
   2. Use of emojis and symbols vary based on cultural understanding

2. Cultural Identity Reflection in Social Media Profiles

1. Understanding the Unique Challenges Faced by Black African Child Refugees

2. The Impact of Trauma on Black African Child Refugees A Global Perspective

3. Methodological Approaches for Researching Black African Child Refugees Globally

4. Cultural Sensitivity in Researching Black African Child Refugees....

Religiosity in tribal communities plays a significant role in shaping the mental health outcomes of individuals within these communities. Research on the relationship between religiosity and mental health has consistently shown that religious beliefs and practices can have both positive and negative effects on mental well-being. This literature review will explore the various ways in which religiosity impacts mental health in tribal communities. One of the primary ways in which religiosity influences mental health in tribal communities is through the provision of social support. Religious communities often provide a sense of belonging and connection for individuals, which can help to....