Currently, in the health care setting, patients are protected from involuntary acts of eugenics through laws that require doctor's to get the patient's full consent for all procedures done. Further, if a doctor fails to get such consent, they can be held liable under the malpractice laws of torts.

Eugenics and Immigration

Eugenics has also played a historical role in immigration and immigration reform during the twentieth century. Staring with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1924, eugenics was called on to play a central role in the congressional policy debate as to the allegedly "inferior stock" of immigrants coming from eastern and southern Europe.

Typically, eugenics as it applies to immigration reform deals with placing limits on the number of immigrants allowed from certain races, ethnicities or geographic locations. This practice is considered to be eugenics as it is used to systematically control or eliminate a specific population from the make…...

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Bibliography:

Downes, Lawrence. "What Part of Illegal Don't You Understand?" New York Times.

Engs, Ruth C. (2005): The Eugenics Movement: An Encyclopedia. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Glad, John. (2007): Future Human Evolution: Eugenics in the Twenty-First Century. Hermitage Publishers.

Kevles, Daniel. (1985): In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. New York: Knopf.

Eugenics
Genetic Enhancement and Eugenics

The word "eugenics" was coined in 1883 by the English scientist Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin. He intended it to denote the "science" of improving the human stock by giving "the more suitable races or strains of blood a better chance of prevailing speedily over the less suitable." Since Galton's day, "eugenics" has become a word of ugly connotations -- and deservedly. Eugenic aims merged with misinterpretations of the new science of genetics to help produce cruelly oppressive and in the era of the Nazis barbarous social results. Nonetheless, eugenics continues to figure in social discourse in some proposals for human genetic engineering.[footnoteRef:-1] [-1: Daniel Kelves, In the Name of Eugenics, p. xiii.]

Philip Kitcher, in The Lives to Come, describes laissez faire eugenics as the eugenics yet to come in this era of prenatal testing and genetic counseling. It is a form of planning populations.…...

Eugenics
The Forced Sterilization of Romani omen in Slovakia and the Czech Republic

Eugenics is the belief that the human gene pool should be kept as clean as possible by eliminating disease and other genetic defects from the population. In some cases, such as with the Nazi's and U.S. government with America Indian tribes, this has meant an ethnic or racial cleansing, but that does not have to be the case. Many times throughout history cleansing has been used to sterilize people who were deemed hereditarily poor or they had family history of mental illness or retardation. In modern history, it would seem that such practices would have ended because people seem more enlightened now. Unfortunately, the practice has not ended, and in some cases it has been amplified. Some of the worst examples of modern eugenics programs have been those which forced people to be sterilized. In the Czech Republic and…...

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Works Cited

Anca-Strauss, Andreea. "Challenging Coercive Sterilizations of Romani Women in the Czech Republic." European Roma Rights Center, 2005. Web.

Kinoti, Kathambi. "Forced Sterilization of Roma Women." Association of Women's

Rights in Development, 2003. Web.

Stojaspal, Jan. "Against Their Will." Time Magazine, 2003, 2 February. Web.

Some eugenicists also support "limits on immigration from non-European countries, a restriction on welfare benefits to poor families and bans on inter-racial marriage" or miscegenation. As an example of the radical thinking of some supporters of eugenics, Platt refers to Mr. Charles M. Goethe, the founder and sponsor of the Eugenics Society of Northern California and the Human etterment Foundation, as stating in 1929 that Mexicans are "eugenically as low-powered as the Negro" and that Mexicans "do not understand health rules. eing a superstitious savage, he resists them" ("The Frightening Agenda," Internet), a viewpoint that is obviously based on racial prejudice and utter ignorance of the true facts.
Thus, today's eugenics movement is riding a rather high wave of influence and power, due in part to the financial contributions of many very wealthy individuals, institutions and corporations within and outside the United States. As shown in the article "Funding the…...

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Bibliography

Funding the Eugenics Movement." Internet. Retrieved at  http://www.eugenics-watch.com/roots/chap12.html .

Platt, Tony. "The Frightening Agenda of the American Eugenics Movement." History News

Network. Internet. 2003. Retrieved at  http://www.hnn.us/articles/1551.html .

Genetic screening will generate more prejudice against the invalid, the disabled, and the poor and a permanent genetic as well as social and economic class will be created.
This will fundamentally change the relationship between parents and children, as children will feel responsible for their creation as entire selves from their parents. The parents of children will not simply be the alpha, the beginnings of their children, but also the omega, or end of their child's existence, as they attempt to determine where their children will end up in life, how intelligent their children will become, even what they will look like as adults as well as children, their future careers, and their future hobbies and desires.

How different, one might be tempted to ask, is this today, when more and more children are receiving plastic surgery at younger and younger ages? This desire might originate from the child as well…...

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Works Cited

Silver, Lee. "The Virtual Child." From Writing from Sources. Sixth Edition. Edited by Brenda Spatt.

Rogow states that "it is noteworthy that the pattern of corruption of schools and destruction of Christian schools were far less successful in rural districts where people knew and trusted one another." (Samuels and Thompson, 1949; as cited in Rogow, nd)
CONCLUSION

This lesson in history is clear and should clearly grasped within the legal, medical and educational professions with an acknowledgement among these individuals that it is they, and their profession which hold greatest power within a society to either be complicit, or to stand against the abuses of government which murdered so very many children. For the truth is that Hitler, and his Nazi rulers could not have, without the cooperation of professionals in these three sectors of society, institutionalized and murdered 250,000 children whose lives are a testament to this truth and the true power held by those filling these roles in society in every country throughout the…...

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Bibliography

Vermaat, Emerson J.A. (nd) Euthanasia in the Third Reich: Lessons for Today. Ethics and Medicine Vol. 18 Issue 1. Online available at http://www.ethicsandmedicine.com/18/1/18-1-vermaat.htm.

Burleigh, M. (1994) Death and Deliverance: Euthanasia in Germany 1900-1945.

Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press

Friedlander, H. (1994) the Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the final solution, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina

Eugenics eflection on Past and Current Activities
The negative feelings and perceptions many have about eugenics have been founded on previous evidence where the practice was found to have been used to limit the growth of some races. The racial prejudices are shocking in their ferocity. The initial step towards evil is the ridicule or vilification of the victim. Many individuals have been objectified and described as waste or animals, making it thinkable or possible for the public to accept the discrimination or denial of rights to certain races, first through segregation and institutionalization and then through involuntary sterilization or even downright genocide as the case was in Nazi Germany. Even though the racism, bigotry, discrimination and pseudoscience, which was associated with eugenics is rightly deserved, these ills do not in themselves show reason why eugenics ought to be avoided in the future. Much negativity has been attributed to the eugenics…...

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References

Allen, G. (2005). Eugenics. Retrieved March 18, 2016 from Encyclopedia.com:  http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424300258.html 

Chapter Two: eugenics and its shadow. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2016, from http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/philo/courses/bioethics/Papers/GeneBook/CH2.html

Lombardo, P. A. (2001). The American breed: Nazi eugenics and the origins of the Pioneer Fund. Alb. L. Rev., 65, 743.

McCabe, L. L., & McCabe, E. R. (2011). Down syndrome: coercion and eugenics. Genetics in Medicine, 13(8), 708-710.

Organized Psychology’s Involvement in the Eugenics Movement
The eugenics movement that began in the United States during the 1920s reached a brutal extreme with the Nazis’ experimentation with improving the racial stock of human beings through controlled breeding, and this movement would have significant implications well into the 21st century (Sutton, 2015). Many practitioners today, though, may be unaware of organized psychology’s role in contributing to the eugenics movement during the 20th century (Newhouse, 2016). To gain some new insights into this issue, this paper reviews the relevant primary and secondary literature concerning organized psychology’s long involvement in the eugenics movement and how this involvement provided the scientific basis for the selective breeding and extermination of human beings. Finally, a recapitulation of the main findings from the primary and secondary literature concerning these issues and the lessons learned are presented in the conclusion.

Review and Analysis

The origins of eugenics can be traced…...

There are too many factors that cannot be controlled. Children may develop inferiority feelings regarding their own specialness due to the choices of their parents. Many people who may be able to make contributions to society will more than likely be aborted. There is also the possibility that just because someone has a genetic trait for a malady, they may not even manifest such a condition. Additionally, the lack of clear boundaries in this field leaves the potential for catastrophes, such as that which happened during orld ar II.
orks Cited

Abraham, Carolyn. "Unnatural Selection: Is Evolving Reproductive Technology Ushering in a New Age of Eugenics?" The Globe and Mail, 7 January 2012.

Appel, Jacob M. "Toward an Ethical Eugenics: The Case for Mandatory Preimplantation Genetic Selection." JONA's Healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation 14:1, 2012, 7-14.

Gattaca. Dir. Andre Niccol. Perf. Ethan Hawke, Uma Thurman, Jude Law. Columbia, 1997. Film.

King, David S. "Preimplantation…...

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Works Cited

Abraham, Carolyn. "Unnatural Selection: Is Evolving Reproductive Technology Ushering in a New Age of Eugenics?" The Globe and Mail, 7 January 2012.

Appel, Jacob M. "Toward an Ethical Eugenics: The Case for Mandatory Preimplantation Genetic Selection." JONA's Healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation 14:1, 2012, 7-14.

Gattaca. Dir. Andre Niccol. Perf. Ethan Hawke, Uma Thurman, Jude Law. Columbia, 1997. Film.

King, David S. "Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and the 'New' Eugenics." Journal of Medical Ethics, 25, 1999, 176 -- ?182

Eugenics
att Ridley's opinions that the practice of personal eugenics should not be discouraged and is not dangerous are correct. As Ridley states, personal eugenics is a private matter. odern eugenics is about individuals applying private criteria to improve their own offspring by screening their genes.

others can prevent a child from suffering by aborting fetuses that would be born with Down syndrome or inherited disorders. And, people who carry the Tay- Sachs mutation can avoid marrying each other through blood testing. The use of personal eugenics if for a cosmetic purpose is perhaps more controversial, but once again it's really the parent's decision. As Ridley points out, women can choose to abort their child if they want to, so why shouldn't they be allowed to have the kind of child that they want?

Eugenics' bad rap stems from societal genetics. any of its advocates were socialists, who saw eugenics as…...

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Mothers can prevent a child from suffering by aborting fetuses that would be born with Down syndrome or inherited disorders. And, people who carry the Tay- Sachs mutation can avoid marrying each other through blood testing. The use of personal eugenics if for a cosmetic purpose is perhaps more controversial, but once again it's really the parent's decision. As Ridley points out, women can choose to abort their child if they want to, so why shouldn't they be allowed to have the kind of child that they want?

Eugenics' bad rap stems from societal genetics. Many of its advocates were socialists, who saw eugenics as a means to achieve state planning of reproduction. But, unfortunately, policies turned into a human-rights catastrophe: the rejection of many immigrants, the sterilization of many people whose only crime was to have below-average intelligence, and eventually, in Germany, the extermination of millions of people. Societal genetics are impossible to prevent because of the social norms and harsh governments that exist in many countries. Ridley appears to be too optimistic on this topic, stating that China is the only country that still preaches eugenics for the good of society. However, as population levels swell, poor and desperate countries could easily be inclined to turn to societal eugenics as a solution. Other countries can exert only so much influence on foreign governments and it's easy to imagine the unconstrained increase in societal eugenics, particularly as technology advances make it easier to implement.

Ridley, Matt. "The New Eugenics: Better Than the Old." National Review 31 July 2000.

History Of State Involvement in the Delivery of Health Care
Eugenics

Eugenics is the belief and practice that involves the improvement of genetic quality of the human population.it is a science that deals with influences that are able to bring an improvement in inborn qualities of race also with those that develop them to their utmost advantage. There is a considerable difference between goodness in various qualities and in the entire character as a whole. The character largely depends on the proportion that exists between these quantities whose balance can be greatly influenced by education. This is a social philosophy that advocates for the improvement of the human genetic traits by promoting higher reproduction of people that posses' desired traits also termed as positive eugenics and reducing the reproduction of people that posse's undesired ort less desired traits which is negative eugenics. Therefore Eugenics is a social movement that is claiming to…...

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Norrgard, K.(2008). Human Testing, the Eugenics Movement, and IRBs. Retrieved May 6,2014 from  http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/human-testing-the-eugenics-movement-and-irbs-724 

Galton, F.(2009).Eugenics: its definition, scope, and aims. Retrieved May 6,2014 from  http://galton.org/essays/1900-1911/galton-1904-am-journ-soc-eugenics-scope-aims.htm 

Bergman, J.(2000). A Brief History of the Eugenics Movement . Retrieved May 6, 2014 from  http://users.adam.com.au/bstett/BEugenics72Bergman73Potter77.htm

Genetic Engineering
hat is Genetic Engineering? hat is its purpose?

Dr. Ricarda Steinbrecher of San Francisco State University explains that "genetic engineering" is also called "genetic modification," or "genetic manipulation" (Steinbrecher, 1998). The three titles for the same process really refer to " ... the reshuffling of genes usually from one species to another," and the "basic biology" behind genetic engineering begins with the smallest living unit, the cell. Humans have 3,000,000,000,000 cells, and the cells are stacked together to form tissues, organs, and skin, for example, and in plants, cells make up leaves, fruit, trees, and the rest of the natural world; living things.

Genetic engineering uses technologies to alter the genetic makeup of cells, including "the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms" (Union of Concerned Scientists -- ucsusa.org). hen a gene is moved from one plant or animal to another, it "transfers those…...

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Works Cited

Caplan, A.L., McGee, G., and Magnus, D. (1999). What is immoral about eugenics? British

Medical Journal, Volume 319, retrieved March 31, 2016, from  http://www.bmj.com .

Genetics Education. (2016). Fact Sheet 19 / Ethical Issues in Human Genetics and Genomics.

Retrieved March 31, 2016, from  http://www.genetics.edu.au .

Buck vs. Bell
Lee M. Silver's Remaking Eden and Dr. Leon R. Kass' Life, Liberty and the Defense of Dignity provide differing perspectives on the applicability of the issue of the case of Buck vs. Bell to today's society. In Buck vs. Bell, eugenics and Social Darwinism spurred a Supreme Court decision that allowed forced sterilization. In Remaking Eden, the perspective of Silver effectively argues that the case of Buck vs. Bell is not at all applicable to genetic issues today. Silver's optimistic stance on genetic engineering seems to indicate that human innovativeness and ingenuity will allow humans to successfully use genetic technologies to improve the world. In contrast, Kass' perspective suggests that the case of Buck vs. Bell is highly applicable to genetic issues today. Kass notes that even well-meaning and benevolent applications of technology can have devastating impacts on human dignity, echoing a theme found in the violation of…...

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Works Cited

Kass, Leon. 2004. Life, Liberty and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics. Encounter Books.

Silver, Lee. 1998. Remaking Eden. Perennial.

Syracuse University, Personal Home Pages. Buck Vs. Bell. http://web.syr.edu/~slbignes

Gender of a Baby:
The issue on whether parents should be allowed to choose the sex of their baby has been a major controversial issue in the recent past that has attracted huge debates between proponents and opponents of such practice. This issue has received huge attention because of long-term use of Assisted eproductive Technology (AT) to help pregnant women in the United States and across the globe. This technology basically involves the transfer of fertilized human embryos into a woman's uterus through in vitro fertilization (IVF). Advances in Assisted eproductive Technology have contributed to various innovations such as Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, which enables parents to choose prenatally the sex of their offspring (Bumgarner, 2007, p.1289). This technology enables parents to select the sex of their babies through the use of medical techniques. While it is considered as a major breakthrough in reproductive health, Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis has been surrounded…...

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References:

Bumgarner, A. (2007, June 18). A Right to Choose? Sex Selection in the International Context.

Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(1289), 1289-1309. Retrieved from http://c-fam.org/docLib/20100421_SSAdukelaw.pdf

Bhatia, R. (2010). Constructing Gender from the Inside Out: Sex-Selection Practice in the United

States. Feminist Studies, 36(2), 260-291.

Technology & CSR
Technological growth is fueled by a number of factors. The most important is changing conditions in the external environment. As new challenges arise, new technologies must be developed to meet those challenges. Another factor is competition. In many industries, business is so competitive that new technology is required to give companies competitive advantage, so they develop it. Another factor is increasing wealth in the world. Nations are contributing to the growth of technology that have not been able to make contributions in the past. All of this has an impact on corporate social responsibility. However you define CSR and whatever types of new technologies are created, companies must always keep in mind that they need to be ethical and remember their responsibilities to society.

Any number of corporate social responsibility issues can arise out of the use of technology and scientific research, since all three terms are broad and…...

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Works Cited:

Friedman, M. (1971). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from  http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html 

Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2011). Consequentialism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism/ 

Volden, C. & Wiseman, A. (2009). A theory of government regulation and self-regulation with the specter of nonmarket threats. Ohio State University. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from  http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/cvolden/VW_nonmarkets.pdf

Topic 1: The Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Workplace

Key Issues:
The potential for AI to automate jobs and displace human workers, leading to unemployment and economic insecurity.
AI's impact on workplace privacy and surveillance, with AI-powered monitoring systems potentially infringing on workers' rights.
The need for ethical guidelines and regulations governing the development and use of AI in the workplace, to ensure fairness and protect workers' rights.

Topic 2: The Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Human Enhancement

Key Issues:
The potential benefits of genetic engineering, such as curing diseases, improving cognitive abilities, and extending lifespan.
The ethical....

1. The Ethics of Human Cloning: A Controversial Debate

2. The Science and Technology Behind Human Cloning

3. The Potential Benefits and Dangers of Human Cloning

4. Examining the Legal and Moral Implications of Human Cloning

5. The Role of Religion in Shaping Views on Human Cloning

6. A Comparative Analysis of Human Cloning Policies Around the World

7. The Future of Human Cloning: Possibilities and Pitfalls

8. Human Cloning and Genetic Engineering: Where Do We Draw the Line?

9. The Psychological and Social Impact of Human Cloning on Society

10. Human Cloning: A Tool for Advancing Medical Research or a Slippery Slope towards Eugenics?
11. Ethical Considerations in Human....

Genetic Determinants of Complex Traits

The Role of Gene-Environment Interactions in the Development of Multifactorial Disorders
The Complexity of Polygenic Traits: Unraveling the Contribution of Multiple Genetic Variants
Epigenetics and Gene Expression: How Environmental Factors Influence Genetic Inheritance

Advancements in Genetic Technologies

The Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies on Genetic Research
CRISPR-Cas9 and Gene Editing: Ethical Considerations and Therapeutic Applications
Precision Medicine: Tailoring Treatments Based on Individual Genetic Profiles

Hereditary Diseases and Treatment

Genetic Testing for Hereditary Diseases: Implications for Prevention and Management
Gene Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Prospects
The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Treatment for Genetic Disorders

Genetic Diversity and....