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Finance
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What is Finance?

Finance is a foundational discipline studied across business schools, economics programs, and management courses worldwide. It examines how individuals, companies, and institutions acquire, allocate, and manage money over time. Students engage with finance topics in courses ranging from introductory business surveys to specialized graduate programs in financial management and accounting. The field is academically rich because it connects quantitative analysis with strategic decision-making, requiring writers to think carefully about risk, market behavior, cost structures, and the future value of resources. At the graduate level, programs such as the MSc in Finance, Accounting, and Management treat these concepts as integrated rather than separate, demanding both technical fluency and contextual judgment.

The papers archived under this topic reflect a wide range of approaches. Case study analysis appears prominently, with papers examining specific companies and investment figures such as Warren E. Buffett to ground abstract financial principles in real decisions. Other papers take a managerial lens, focusing on financial management frameworks, budgeting processes, and corporate valuation models including free cash flow analysis. Some work engages policy and market-level questions, touching on political economy and global financial contexts. Bankruptcy, capital markets, and the relationship between finance and accounting also emerge as recurring focal points.

A strong finance essay begins with a clearly scoped thesis — whether evaluating a company's financial position, arguing for a valuation method, or analyzing a market risk. Evidence drawn from financial statements, peer-reviewed journal articles, and documented case data carries the most weight. The most common pitfall is treating financial concepts as self-explanatory; every claim about cost, risk, or market behavior should be defined and supported with specific evidence rather than assumed knowledge.

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Research Paper Undergraduate
The World Bank's evolution from post-war reconstruction to modern development
¶ … World Bank (also sometimes known as "The World Bank Group" [WBG]) and its major accomplishments. Created in 1944, the World Bank's goal was to aid Europe after the end of World War II.
Research Paper Doctorate
The British Council's competition with Australia and the USA in international higher education marketing
Is the British Council losing ground in competing with Australia and the U.S.A. In selling British higher education?
Essay Doctorate
Business intelligence implementation at Marshfield Clinic improves patient care
Improves Efficiency with More Accurate and Timely Access to records
Research Paper Undergraduate
The U.S. current account deficit: causes, risks, and solutions
Current Accounts Deficit: Causes, Risk, and Solutions
Paper Undergraduate
The transatlantic telegraph cable: engineering an ocean connection
The telegraph was a marvelous invention that allowed people to communicate at speeds never thought possible. When Samuel Morse first invented the telegraph, America was soon blanketed with a network of telegraph lines…
Paper Undergraduate
Philip Morris/Altria's paradoxical mission and corporate values
Organizational Values: Philip Morris/Altria
Paper Undergraduate
U.S. military capability to sustain simultaneous conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan
The history of the United States of America (U.S.) is predicated on war. It can be said that it is a nation shaped in the crucible of war, which propelled it in its position as the most powerful nation the twentieth…
Paper Undergraduate
City of Atlanta's community development strategy and neighborhood vitality initiatives
The stated 'mission' of the organization chose for evaluation in this present study is that of the City of Atlanta, Georgia. The City of Atlanta states that it is committed to developing performance measures that assist…
Paper Undergraduate
Johnson and Kwak's analysis of financial risk management and the 2008 crisis
¶ … New World of Financial Risk. A synopsis of the content is given followed by a specification of the thesis's main point. Three supporting opinions/reasons for this thesis are outlined, as well as three opposing…
Paper Doctorate
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in Verizon Communications
Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ) is one of the world's leading providers of wireless and wireline-based communication services including broadband, data, network access and global internet protocol (IP) Services. In their latest full fiscal year the company reported revenues of $110, 875 million with an operating profit of $12,880 million during FY2011 (Verizon Investor Relations, 2012). At present the company has 192,000 employees and operates in 150 nations both in a franchised and direct selling model (Verizon Investor Relations, 2012). The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of Verizon are the basis of this analysis. Strengths Verizon continues to have a commanding market presence globally with one of the most profitable brands in the telecommunications industry (Brown, 2010). The strength of their brand has given the company the ability to manage customer churn more effectively than competitors, reducing the relative churn rate of customers by 56% over the last three years while competitors have seen churn rates increase by over 67% (Verizon Investor Relations, 2012). The combination of the Verizon brand stability and customer loyalty has given the company a unique level of stability in a very turbulent global telecommunications market (Zoakos, 2002). Another significant strength of Verizon is their ability to orchestrate and complete alliances, mergers and questions quickly. They have also been one of the few telecommunications companies to pioneer the development of effective shared-risk mergers that drastically reduce the downside risk of being an industry consolidator, a role they continue to take on globally (Peaks, Arbogast, O'Keefe, 2009). The well orchestrated acquisition of Alltel by AT&T that Verizon played a central role in is a case in point (Seidenberg, 2002). Verizon also is moving aggressively into new markets including cloud computing using their core strengths in mergers and acquisitions. An example of this strength is the company's recent $1.4B acquisition of Terremark (Ya, 2011). Verizon continues to aggressively and successfully pursue an inorganic growth strategy by concentrating on mergers and acquisitions to bring greater cloud-based innovations to their customers (Gorski, 2005). Verizon continues to also seek out opportunities to define advanced e-commerce encryption standards globally, looking to become the global e-commerce platform at the infrastructure level for enterprises (Everett, 2012).