1000 results for “Financial Reporting”.
Financial eporting
Current liabilities at Activision Blizzard Inc.
Current Liabilities for the Most ecent Annual eporting Period
Current liabilities are classified as amounts which are owed to suppliers and creditors, which are due within 12 months (Harrison et al., 2012). The Activision Blizzard Inc. And Subsidiaries consolidated balance sheet shows total current liabilities at 31 December 2012 (the end of the most recent accounting period) as being $2,652 million. The company divides the current liabilities into three different categories; accounts payable, deferred revenues and accrued expenses and other liabilities.
The accounts payable may also be referred to as the trade payables, and is money which is due to the suppliers for goods that have been received, but not yet been paid (Wild, 2012). The amounts which are shown on the Activision Blizzard Inc. accounts payable will be accounts receivable on the relevant supplies balance sheet. At the end of 2012…
References
Harrison, Walter T; Horngren, Charles T; Thomas C. William R, (2012), Financial Accounting, Prentice Hall
Wild, John, (2012), Financial Accounting: Information for Decisions, McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Financial eporting on the Internet (AMETEK, Inc.)
The company's management as AMETEK observes in its 2012 annual report is responsible for not only the preparation but also the integrity of the financial statements and other related information (AMETEK, Inc., 2012).
As the company further points out in its annual report, its financial statements conform to the provisions of GAAP (AMETEK, Inc., 2012). The relevance of following the standard set of accounting policies cannot be overstated. To begin with, these standards come in handy in the enhancement of uniformity. As Warren and eeve (2006) observe, this uniformity helps various stakeholders including but not limited to investors to compare one company against another. Confusion would most likely result were individual companies to prepare financial statements in different formats. It is also important to note that GAAP help in the standardization as well as regulation of accounting methods, assumptions, and definitions. For this…
References
AMETEK, Inc. 2012. 2012 Form 10-K Annual Report. [online] Available at: < http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=104638&p=irol-reportsAnnual> [Accessed 29 July 2013].
Graham, J.R. And Smart, S.B., 2011. Introduction to Corporate Finance. 3rd ed. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Warren, C.S. And Reeve, J.M., 2006. Corporate Financial Accounting. 9th ed. Mason, OH: Thompson Higher Education.
Weil, R.L., 2012. Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods and Uses. 14th ed. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Financial reporting system is any system that compiles financial data and presents it to management in a meaningful format. There are different types of such systems, depending on the system's purpose. So a company can have a one system to assist with financial accounting, and another that delivers managerial accounting outputs. A system that delivers financial statements needs to use generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), so there is little choice with respect to formatting, only the rules that the company choses to adhere to.
ith managerial accounting, however, there are a number of different systems that can be used. This is where the design of the reporting system comes into play, because the design of the system is what ensures that management will receive from the system the information that it needs. Each systems contains different components, including methods of reporting, different measures that are used, and methods of presentation.…
Works Cited
Tatum, M. (2013). What is an operating budget? WiseGeek. Retrieved February 28, 2013 from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-operating-budget.htm
Investopedia. (2013). Activity-based budgeting. Investopedia. Retrieved February 28, 2013 from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/abb.asp#axzz2MDztY2yw
Financial eporting and Analysis
The objective of this report is to carry out the financial reporting and analysis of Sunbeam Corporation. To carry out the analysis, the paper adjusts Sunbeam's 1997 financial statements to reveal the fraud perpetuated by the company in its 1997 financial statements.
Adjustment of Sunbeam's 1997 Earning
The report adjusts Sunbeam's 1997 Earning before taxes and interests. This includes depreciation expenses, and doubtful accounts. After the issuance of the Sunbeam Consolidated Financial Statement for December 28, 1997 fiscal year, it is revealed that the company generally inflated the financial results of 1997 at the expense of 1996 fiscal year's results. This report reveals that certain revenue was not properly recognized, as there were principally bill and bold transactions.
Moreover, there are certain costs that were not properly accrued and recorded. For example, the principal allowances such as the cooperative advertising, principal allowances for returns, warranty expense,…
Reference
Porter, M.E. (2008) The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy, Harvard business Review,
Financial Reporting & Analysis
This particular assignment is about financial research assignment in which shares analysis of a company has been conducted through different angles. The assignment has been divided into 5 different sections and every section has been related to the end result of the research. It is prerequisite for this particular assignment to select a company which has been listed on the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE-100). The company which has been chosen for this particular work is Anglo American. The first part of the assignment is to define about the primary business activities of the company, let's now start the same.
A Helicopter View Anglo American Company
Anglo American has been counted among one of the largest mining companies of the world which merely focuses on the platinum group, metals, copper, diamond, nickel, iron and thermal coal. The company has its headquartering located in London, United Kingdom,…
Bibliography
Bierman, H.Jr. (2007), Lesson on Accounting & Finance, World Scientific Publishers, Cornell University, USA
Bierman, H.Jr. (2008), Lesson on Accounting & Finance, World Scientific Publishers, Cornell University, USA
Cinnamon, R & Larsen, B.H (2006), How to understand Business Finance, McGraw Hill Publications
Cinnamon, R & Larsen, B.H (2007), How to understand Business Finance, McGraw Hill Publications
Therefore, the fixed overhead charge would otherwise be applied to other orders in their system.
The order utilizes the capacity and contributes a positive net cash flow of $2,500, even though the overhead charge renders it unprofitable in the accounting sense. In determining whether or not Sport Cardz should take the order, they must consider cash flow rather than accounting profit. If they did not take the order, the overhead charge would be applied elsewhere anyway, so it is not included in the decision-making process.
The order will therefore generate $20,000 in revenues and costs of $17,500. This leaves a positive cash flow of $2,500 that will be applied to the fixed overhead. The choice of allocation method, from which the actual charge is derived, is irrelevant to the decision of whether or not to take the order.
3. Fixed Systems should continue to make the switch. If they purchased…
Financial eporting and Analysis
Accounting Quality
The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act was created with the intent of improving the quality of accounting, reliability of financial statements to investors, and providing oversight to accounting professionals through the creation of a new federal agency, Public Accounting Company Oversight Board (PACOB). Create an argument supporting whether SOX achieved these goals, and whether financial data reported today is more accurate and reliable than prior to the Act. Provide support for your rationale
SOX has been successful, and is comprehensively credited for firming up different areas. One of these areas encompasses CFO and CEO responsibility and accountability regarding all financial disclosures and associated controls. A second aspect encompasses increased competence and commitment on the part of corporate audit committees. Overall, SOX has been quite effective and successful in increasing focus and emphasis on a strong ethical organizational culture in companies (Verschoor, 2012). One of the positive…
References
Brigham, E. F., Houston, J. F. (2013). Fundamentals of Financial Management. Mason: South-Western Cengage.
Jais, M., Abdul Karim, B., Funaoka, K., & Abidin, A. Z. (2009). Dividend announcements and stock market reaction. Munich Personal Repec Archive.
Boyte-White, C. (2015). How Dividends Affect Stock Prices. Investopedia. Retrieved from: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/091015/how-dividends-affect-stock-prices.asp
Walker, C. (2009). Damage Limitation How Companies Can Manage: The Impact of Financial Restatements on Corporate Reputation. RSM Outlook.
SAP'S EXTENAL FINANCIAL EPOTING
SAP External Financial eporting
SAP's external financial reporting
History of SAP
SAP has a proud 40-year history that is founded on their mantra of innovation. Their success has come from their innovative culture. The company was founded in 1972 when five like-minded former IBM employees came together and created a company with the vision of providing clients with technological innovations. The company was called Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (SAP) which was German for System Analysis and Program Development. The company's vision was to provide standard application software for real-time processing of data. It was formed as a private partnership under the German Civil Code with the headquarters in Weinheim, Germany Mohapatra, 2009.
The company began with only one customer, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and at the time, they had just nine employees. At the end of the first year, the company had generated DM 620,000 in revenue…
References
Adam, F., & Sammon, D. (2004). The Enterprise Resource Planning Decade: Lessons Learned and Issues for the Future. Hershey, Pennsylvania: Idea Group Pub.
Bora, K. (2012). SAP Named Worldwide Market Share Leader For Business Intelligence In 2011: Gartner. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/sap-named-worldwide-market-share-leader-business-intelligence-2011-gartner-434824
Lau, L.K. (2005). Managing Business With SAP: Planning, Implementation and Evaluation. Hershey, Pennsylvania: Idea Group Pub.
Mohapatra, S. (2009). Business Process Automation. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall Of India Pvt. Ltd.
Accounting Standards
Financial reporting practices and ethical standards in health care finance constitute the foundation of every successful organization. Healthcare organizations and other industries in the general market adopt Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The main objective behind this is to boost the organization's value by maintaining the integrity within and to leverage public trust. This paper summarizes the elements of financial management, GAAP and ethical standards in healthcare finance.
Elements of Financial Management
Financial management as a holistic process constitutes of four recognized elements: controlling, planning, organizing and directing, and decision-making (Baker & Baker, 2011). The formulation of the four elements was mainly through consideration of the purpose behind each task. This paper discusses the four elements in detail.
Planning is a crucial division of financial managements. Every organization sets objectives to guide their performance, meeting such objectives require the company's financial manager to take stepwise procedures. The manager…
References
Barrett, M. (1976). Financial Reporting Practices: Disclosure and Comprehensiveness in an International Setting. Journal of Accounting Research. 14(1), 10-26.
Camiciottoli, C and Belinda (2011). Business Ethics: Professional Ethics. Business Communication Quarter l. Vol. 74 Issue 3, p 298-312, 15 p, 3.
Baker, J.J., & Baker, R.W. (2011). Health care finance: Basic tools for non-financial managers (3rd Ed.). New York: Jones & Bartlett.
S. GAAP," 2012). In other circumstances, IFS requires the combination of two or more transactions when they are linked in a manner that the commercial impact can only be understood through referring to the transactions as a whole.
Customer Loyalty Programs:
Under IFS accounting standards, loyalty or award programs in which a customer earns credit depending on their purchase of goods and/or services should be accounted for as multiple-element arrangements. Therefore, these accounting rules necessitate deferring and distinct recognition of the fair value of the award credits after the realization of every applicable criterion for revenue recognition. These guidelines are applicable regardless of whether the credits can be redeemed for goods and services issued by the business or those supplied by another business.
On the contrary, accounting for customer loyalty programs within U.S. GAAP is characterized with some differences since there are two very dissimilar methods used by entities. While…
References:
"Converting to IFRS." (2009). Ernst & Young: Quality in Everything We Do. Retrieved June 10,
Forgeas, R. (2008, June 16). Is IFRS that Different from U.S. GAAP. Retrieved June 10, 2013,
ebay financial reporting
eBay Corporation: Financial eporting
The current market trend in the American business world shows that many businesses are making the switch to the fair market value of accounting for employee stock options. The Journal of Accounting esearch defines fair market accounting as accounting for the fair value, or price, of an asset or liability based on the current market price of that asset or liability, or for similar assets and liabilities, or based on another objectively assessed "fair" value (iedl and Serafeim, 2011, p. 1083). In understanding this concept fully, one can then assess its role within specific businesses' financial decisions -- in this case, eBay.
Ethical and Financial Considerations
Footnote disclosure is a widely-used system of financial reporting, which has brought about instances of ethical questioning in past years since its introduction within eBay's reporting protocol. The introduction of backdated accounting disclosure in the form of…
References
Bradshaw, M. (2005). eBay, Inc.: stock option plans (A). Harvard Business School cases:
accounting and control. PDF. Accessed on: 7 August 2011.
Congressional Budget Office. (2004). Accounting for employee stock options. Accessed from: http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=5334&type=0&sequence=2 .
Riedl, E. And Serafeim, G. (2011). Information risk and fair values: an examination of equity. Journal of Accounting Research. 49(4), 1083. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.
Bush, who declared that corporations which jeopardized the investments and jobs of millions of individuals should pay their dues. The United States Senate and the House of epresentatives also became involved and proposed numerous modifications.
The pillar of the changes occurred in financial reporting after the accounting scandals is based on increased transparency and more support in conducting audit operations. The XBL system for instance will allow the Securities and Exchange Commission to conduct analyses in a more efficient manner. All efforts to improve the financial reporting system have been condensed into the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It represents the most important regulatory act of the past 70 years and it is applicable all around the world; it addresses issues that refer to all players in the corporate reporting chain.
eferences
Bautista, L.., 2004, Implications and Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Securities and Exchange Commission, etrieved at http://www.adbi.org/conf-seminar-papers/2006/03/30/1739.implications.effects.sarbanesoxley/onMarch 13, 2009
Cooper, C., 2007,…
References
Bautista, L.R., 2004, Implications and Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Securities and Exchange Commission, Retrieved at http://www.adbi.org/conf-seminar-papers/2006/03/30/1739.implications.effects.sarbanesoxley/onMarch 13, 2009
Cooper, C., 2007, Extraordinary Circumstances: The Journey of a Corporate Whistleblower, John Wiley and Sons
Lee, H., Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and SEC Final Rulings on Auditor Independence, SUNY Institute of Technology, Retrieved at http://www.sba.muohio.edu/abas/2003/vancouver/lee_auditor%20independence.pdfonMarch 13, 2009
Malpass, a., June 2, 2002, hp_:I/help animals.net/news artic/91719, Quoted by Hannon
easyJet Financial eporting
ecent History egarding Corporate Accounting Policy
The recent corporate accounting practices of easyJet Airlines reflects financial accounting policies at the company, which were in disapproval by Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou, founder -- easyJet (Waller, 2008) . The Board of Directors are responsible for drafting and adopting of company accounting policies. Sir Stelios' rejection of the boards annual accounts is reflective of the agency/principle problem such that the board is now potentially viewing the corporation in a different light than from the founder.
The founder proclaimed the accounting policies adopted by the board of easyJet to be inaccurate and not reflective of the "current commercial realities and the macro-economic climate" says Sir Stelios (Waller, 2008). Stelios recommends changes to the policies in place and suggests appointment of two directors of non-executive capacity to serve on the board to provide financial accounting insight into the policies established and set forth…
References
"A new departure for EasyJet with Airbus," 2003, FT.com,, pp. 1.
EasyJet Annual Report (2010). http://2010annualreport.easyjet.com/files/pdf/ConsolidatedFinancialPosition_easyJet_AR10-3-5.pdf
EasyJet Resolves Dispute With Founder 2010,, Dow Jones & Company Inc.
"Filling the gaps with a new SAFETY EVENT," 2004, The Safety & Health Practitioner, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 78.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in reducing fraudulent financial reporting
Introduction to Fraudulent Financial eporting
Available research on financial statement fraud relies mostly on anecdotal evidence (for example, Wells, 2001, 2002, 2004a, and 2004b; ezaee, 2003). This evidence offers advice on how mechanisms related to the fraud triangle can be curtailed. It leads to theoretical sense to reduce factors which lead to more instances of fraud. However, deterrence and established deterrence methods in place within organizations have not been examined in proper detail. Neither have the secondary issues which can influence a person's chance of committing financial statement fraud. But there are multiple researches where deterrence models have been tested on other types of fraud e.g. tax fraud, fraudulent reports of environmental violations etc. Generally speaking, a clear consensus regarding the level of effectiveness of prevention mechanisms, such as those stated in GDT, is not present. There are two key parts…
References
Abbott, L.J., S. Parker, and G.F. Peters. 2004. Audit committee characteristics and restatements. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 23 (1): 69-88.
AICPA: 2002, Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 99: Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit (American Institute of Certi-ed Public Accountants, Durham).
Albrecht, W. And Albrecht, C. (2004). Fraud examination and prevention. South- Western, Mason Ohio.
Albrecht, W.S. And M.B. Romney. 1986. Red flagging management fraud: A validation. Advances in Accounting 3: 323-333.
Toyota's Financial eporting: Contexts And ecommendations
Measurement Models and Conceptual Framework
The basic conceptual framework behind the IASB and the accounting standards and recommendations made by this group is very straightforward. The standards are meant to create greater transparency, accuracy, and efficacy in financial reporting, which itself has the goal of providing useful information about the reporting entity's capacity as a capital provider -- to investors, creditors, etc. (Walton, 2011; Ernst & Young, 2008). On more far-reaching level, the conceptual framework of the IASB and its issued standards is built on the premise that consistency in accounting leads to more effective decision making when it comes to capital, which leads to a more productive and efficient economy (Walton, 2011). There are many specific ways in which consistency and transparency are encouraged through various measurement models set in this framework.
evenue recognition is one specific area of accounting and financial reporting…
References
Environmental Report. (2011). Examples of Kaizen Initiatives in Japan.
Ernst & Young. (2008). International GAAP 2008. New York: Wiley.
Toyota. (2011). Annual Report.
Toyota. (2011a). Consolidated financial reports.
Ethical and Legal obligations in financial reporting is extremely important in today's world, fraught as it is with corporate frauds and accounting scams and scandals of every other sort. One Company, the Thornburg Investment Company, has taken a firm stand on financial reporting within its company, wherein all concerned officials are expected to report accurately, any actual, as well as suspected violations and breaches in the laws and rules and regulations of the company, to the appropriate personnel, immediately. (Code of Business Conduct and Ethics) Another Company, the 'Trinity Capital Corporation' stresses the importance of adhering to the rules and regulations created by the Company so that the company's loyalty to its numerous shareholders may be apparent. Where financial reporting is concerned, all the employees of the firm are expected to comply with the generally accepted rules laid down by the accounting principles of the United States of America, so…
REFERENCES
"Accounting Concepts, underlying assumptions, principles, and conventions" Retrieved From
http://www.quickmba.com/accounting/fin/concepts / Accessed on 20 June, 2005
"Business Conduct and Ethics Policy" Retrieved From
http://www.lanb.com/tcc/bcecharter.asp Accessed on 19 June, 2005
International Financial eporting Standards
IFS and Canada
Canada was one of the first prominent nations involved in the North American Free Trade Agreement to consider switching their financial reporting to the International Financial eporting Standards. For years, Canada had been under the pressure of the United States to adopt a system aligned with the GAAP. Still, growing opportunities across the globe made the adoption of the IFS in Canada a better option. It was announced in early 2008 that the move was going to be made in Canada. Canada officially adopted the IFS standards in January of 2011 (PWC, 2014). Actually, the IFS standards were quite similar to the already existing Canadian GAAP standards. Thus the transition, for most businesses, was not extremely different than what they had encountered in the past.
The country made the official decision to adopt the IFS over their own GAAP system came in a…
References
Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. (2011). The CICA's Guide to IFRS in Canada. Web. http://ocaq.qc.ca/pdf/ang/6_presse/infoca/2007/InfoCA1185_Guide_EN.pdf
Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. (2012). IFRS Adoption in Canada: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact on Financial Statements. Web. http://www.cga-canada.org/en-ca/ResearchReports/ca_rep_2013-10-03_IRFS.pdf
IFRS. (2013). Canada. IFRS Application Around the World. Web. http://www.ifrs.org/Use-around-the-world/Documents/Jurisdiction-profiles/Canada-IFRS-Profile.pdf
PWC. (2013). IFRS Adoption by Country. Web. http://www.pwc.com/en_US/us/issues/ifrs-reporting/publications/assets/pwc-ifrs-by-country-apr-2013.pdf
Failure-to-Disclose
Disclosure & Financial Accounting
Environmental and Financial Factors in the Petroleum Industry
The petroleum industry has a unique responsibility in the initiative to practice environmental safeguarding while producing the petroleum products in such great demand. The financial manager must be decide what weight to apply to costs in terms of new processes and methods that are efficient as well as environmentally friendly and complaint.
Weighing Costs in Failure-to-Disclose
Environmental and Financial Factors in the Petroleum Industry
Environmental Hazards
Profitability Factors
Future Outlook
Findings elated to Cost Factor of Compliance
BP, Conoco, and Phillips
Primary Considerations
Summary & Conclusion
eferences
Weighing Costs in Failure-to-Disclose
Environmental and Financial Factors in the Petroleum Industry
Objective
The objective of this work is the research the Petroleum Fuel industry and to render an accounting of what results from either complying with or non-compliance to environmental regulations as set down by governing and ruling bodies.…
2010 annual report of estJet and discusses their information and measurement approaches on financial reporting.
The following items from the annual report follow the measurement perspective on decision usefulness: Frequent Guest Program FGP), financial instruments and compensation plan. estJet has "a frequent guest program that allows guests to accumulate credits that entitle them to a choice of various rewards, primarily discounted travel. Revenue received in relation to credits issued is deferred as a liability at fair value until a reward is ultimately utilized, at which time it is recognized as guest revenue. Fair value is management's estimate of the expected awards for which the credit will be redeemed and is reduced by the proportion of credits that have been redeemed relative to the total number expected to be redeemed" (estJet 67).
Also included in the FGP is estJet's co-branded MasterCard " with the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC). RBC issues…
Works Cited
"WestJet Annual Report 2010." WestJet. 2011: 1-96.
Financial Standards
eporting standards for financial transactions have been varied with regard to countries and companies across the globe for many years. This fact has made it difficult for transactions to be reported with any great degree of accuracy. This was especially true in Germany where there was no true German GAAP. What the rest of the world has considered the German GAAP, the GoB, was actually comprised of here say and opinion gleaned from many different sources. With the advent of the IASB that the European Union adopted in 2007, Germany has finally decided on a single standard with which to govern financial reporting. Large companies within the country, such as Deutsche Bank, have had to make adjustments to the new standards, but this does not seem to have caused a problem. Since the country has loosely used international standards for many years, the new IASB is not new…
References
Bonthrone, R. (2000). German financial accounting and reporting. Translation Journal, 4(3). Retrieved from http://translationjournal.net/journal/13finan.htm
Deutsche Bank. (2011). Company. Deutsche Bank. Retrieved from http://www.db.com/en/content/company/company.htm
Feige, P. (1997). How "uniform" is financial accounting in Germany? European Accounting Review, 6(1), 109-122.
Gornik-Tomaszewski, S., & McCarthy, I.N. (2003). Cooperation between FASB and IASB to achieve convergence of accounting standards. Review of Business, 24(2), 52-61.
eporting and Disclosure: Publicly Traded Companies
Currently, a publicly traded company in the United States must produce a form 10-K each year (Dignam & Lowry, 2006). This is required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and provides a comprehensive overview of the company and its financial health. The 10-K is not the same as the yearly report that is produced for shareholders of the company. Depending on the size of the company, it is possible that other forms beyond the 10-K must be filed, as well (Berezin, 2005). While some are uncertain as to whether the current reporting and disclosure requirements are sufficient for companies that are publicly traded, the form 10-K is dozens of pages and encompasses a great deal of information. Company background information is provided, along with financial statements that have been audited, subsidiaries, equity, organizational structure, the compensation paid to executives, and other things (Berezin,…
References
Berezin, M. (2005). Emotions and the economy, in Smelser, N.J. And R. Swedberg (eds.) The Handbook of Economic Sociology, (2nd ed). NJ: Princeton University Press
Dignam, A. & Lowry, J. (2006) Company Law. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sullivan, A, & Sheffrin, S.M. (2003). Economics: Principles in action. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Financial Management
Content Find articles address financial reporting practices ethics standards health care finance, including * generally accepted accounting principles * corporate compliance, ethics, and fraud abuse
Financial management: Literature review
Healthcare institutions, like all organizations, are continually confronted with the four basic elements of financial management: deciding what to invest in or produce; how to finance those investments or products; how to manage assets, and how to report those assets in a manner that is useful and also complies with all necessary regulations. This paper will provide an overview of two recent articles, one on the necessity of uniform accounting procedures to ensure ethical and legal compliance amongst healthcare institutions and the other on the financial consequences of failing to do so for the institution itself.
Article 1: Maintaining the strength of your convictions
According to Larry Tyler's 2004 article "Maintaining the strength of your convictions" "Most financial executives…
References
Adam. (2007). Dot. Boston. Retrieved August 12, 2011 at http://adamp.com/college/us-gaap-vs.-international-gaap-vs.-unified-gaap/
Fong, Gary R., Randy Wiitala & Frederick Stodolak. (2011). Uncovering pharmacy department risks and opportunities. Healthcare Financial Management Association Journal. Retrieved August 12, 2011 at http://www.hfma.org/Publications/hfm-Magazine/Archives/2011/May/Uncovering-Pharmacy-Department-Risks-and-Opportunities/
Rode, Dan. (1990). Uniform accounting standards enable accurate comparisons.
Healthcare Financial Management. Retrieved August 12, 2011 at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_n7_v44/ai_9174983/
Financial Derivatives
This study emphasized the importance roles of financial derivatives, which has been known for the last decade and its effects on the Global financial crisis. It further analyzes the impact of financial derivatives and how it can be controlled to prevent corporations from incurring a lot of risks. It also explains the existence of financial derivatives since 1970, to the recent Global Financial Crisis which occurred in the 2006.
Risk is a feature associated with all productivity. As a result, financial markets adjust themselves to the fluctuation of exchange and interest rates. Hedging risk, these corporations highlight the importance of risk management tools known as Derivatives. Derivatives are defined as financial tools providing investors with effective solutions when avoiding risk caused from market volatility (Dodd, 2006). Financial derivatives are considered to be an effective risk management tool associated with Financial Engineering creating solutions to financial problems (Marks, 2010).…
Works Cited
Angel, James, and Douglas McCabe. "The Business Ethics Of Short Selling And Naked
Short Selling." Journal Of Business Ethics 85.(2009): 239-249. Business
Source Elite. Web. 1 Apr. 2012.
Barth, Mary E., and Wayne R. Landsman. "How Did Financial Reporting Contribute To
Financial Fraud Fannie Mae
eview of Fraud Schemes within Fannie Mae 1998-2004
Scope
The agency found the fraud understatements of earnings and illegal gratuities that led to accounting violations and inability to meet Wall Street goals.
The investigation of Lee Frakas, executive of a major mortgage company which had dealings with Fannie Mae with hundreds of fake mortgages. The Securities Exchange Commission cited that Fannie Mae had to repay earnings and correct their books for the period 2001 through 2004. This major undertaking will cost the company over $11 billion by SEC estimates. In addition the Department of Justice has conducted a criminal investigation on the board members.
Summary
The top executive managing Fannie Mae were found guilty of illegally reporting accounting information that led to their receiving million dollar payments. Under Fraudulent Financial Statement Schemes this case is one of corruption and financial fraud. The specific areas include Illegal…
References
Associated Press. (2006). Fannie Mae manipulated accounting. Retrieved January 19, 2012 from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12923225/ns/business-corporate_scandals/t/report-fannie-mae-manipulated-accounting/#
Schoenberg, T. (2011). Silence on taylor bean opened the way to $3 billion fraud. Retrieved January 19, 2012 from http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/926704/posts
Financial Accounting
Accounting Concepts
Financial Statements (Regulatory oversight)
The rapid failure and bankruptcy of Enron has prompted severe criticism of the nation's financial reporting and auditing systems, which are fundamental to maintaining investor confidence in U.S. capital markets; there are four areas in which the Enron failure revealed serious problems: corporate governance, the independent audit of financial statements, oversight of the accounting profession, and accounting and financial reporting issues (GAO, 2002). The financial statements are the frontline in determining a company's integrity and accountability. hen a company makes its financial statements public, then they can be scrutinized by many external entities to be used in the market.
However, before financial statements are made public, they should be examined by an external auditor. Auditing is one of the most essential functions in the entire accounting business function and mistakes made in accounting can cost an organization everything. Therefore the auditing process…
Works Cited
GAO. (2002, March 5). Protecting the Public Interest. Retrieved from U.S. Government Accountability Office: http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-02-483T
Guilding, C., Drury, C., & Tayles, M. (2005). An empirical investigation of the importance of cost-plus pricing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(2), 125-137.
Financial Accounting egulatory Compliance
The roles of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of a public company are invaluable in establishing an ethical environment that generates quality accounting and reliable financial reporting for shareholders and investors. In fact, their involvement in this important issue largely pertains to corporate structure and corporate governance. Understanding that structure requires cognizance of the fact that when a company is publicly traded, it is technically owned by the shareholders. Shareholders, of course, are the many different people who own public stock in a corporation. In that respect, everyone who works for the corporation actually works for the shareholders. The next level up in corporate governance is the employees who work for the corporation, and who are responsible for the daily operation of it. These are the people who are actually responsible for implementing the measures ordained by their superiors -- the Chief Executive…
References
Hanna, J. (2014). The costs and benefits of Sarbanes-Oxley. www.forbes.com Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/hbsworkingknowledge/2014/03/10/the-costs-and-benefits-of-sarbanes-oxley/#483d803d2776
Harper, J. (2016). "More than just data": The impact of Bayesian machine learning on predictive modeling. https://analyticsweek.com Retrieved from
Financial Officer
For most parts of history, government financial executives have been taken as scorekeepers, and made responsible for collecting, processing and reporting the financial information that used by elected officials and senior managers who use them in making their decisions. The question is whether their role has now changed with the present importance of information technology. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving ole of Government Financial Executives)
Now there is increasing evidence of the importance that information technology is getting in public administration and this is resulting in more and more insistence from the public that government financial executives have a greater say in all decision making activities of the government. The finance executives are now the individuals to lead the charge for getting an entrepreneurial type of government and have it judged based on its performance. For most of the finance executives now, the changes are leading…
REFERENCES
Allison, Gregory. S. "Making the most of the New Blue Book" Retrieved from http://www.gfoa.org/services/gfr/archives/2005/04 / Accessed 26 August, 2005
Ehrenhalt, Alan. (January, 2002) "The Problem with promises" Governing Magazine.
Retrieved from http://www.governing.com/archive/2002/jan/assess.txt
Accessed 26 August, 2005
Financial Analysis
Suppose you are comparing two firms within an industry. One is large and the other is small. Will relative or absolute numbers be of more value in each case? What kinds of statistics can help evaluate relative size?
Gibson, Charles H. (2012-05-10). Financial Reporting and Analysis (Page 217). Cengage Textbook. Kindle Edition.
When comparing two firms that are unequal in size, the relative financial ratios are more appropriate for any type of comparison. The advantage of using ratios is that they represent a metric that can be easily compared with industry standards or other specific companies of different sizes. The financial statement represents a snap shot of a company's performance over a given time period and the financial information that these reports provide can allow the analysis of a wide range of different ratios. These ratios can provide insights to factors such as the company's ability to repay…
financial statements by business entities. The purpose of this is so that one can understand about the business cash, how the business acquired or generated it, how it was used and in what ways and tomorrow's business plans, financial position of a business, performances and its position. The paper will go ahead to analyze if there is any significance of cash for the survival of a business and the impacts of the various financial sets. The arguments that will prevail will be based on the importance of the different financial statements to a business survival.
Cash is a crucial constituent of a business and I do agree that a business cannot survive without it. 'As a matter of fact the main aim and goal of a business is to generate cash and profits not only in the short run but also in the long-term.' (Minnery, 2006) Every business has everyday…
Works Cited
Elliot.B, 2005, Financial Accounting and Reporting; Financial Times/Prentice Hall, United Kingdom
Graham B. 1998, The Interpretation of Financial Statements Harper Business, amazon
Minnery.B. 2006, 'Don't question the importance of cash flow' The independent, viewed date 28 May 2006, www.independent.co.uk
MoneyInstructor.com. 2009, The importance of cash flow statement; viewed; Aug 19, 2009 www.moneyinstructor.com/doc/importance....
Financial Stakeholders in a Business
Main financial stakeholders, their power and influence in a business
Stakeholders refer to people affected or have an interest in the objectives and operations of the business. The business has a variety of stakeholder segments, which have been broadly categorized as follows:
The classification of stakeholders varies in terms of interests to the activities of the business and their power to influence key decisions. The fact is that key stakeholders do not enjoy equality in terms of their influence and power. This is evident across all business sectors. Senior managers tend to have more influence compared to mere environmental activists (Schaltegger & Burritt, 2010). The table below defines the main financial stakeholders and their impact on the business:
Main financial stakeholders
Main Interests
Impact on the Business
Shareholders
Dividends, share price growth and profit growth
Election of directors
Banks & other Lenders
Principal and interest…
References
Cowton, C., & Haase, M. (2008). Trends in business and economic ethics. Berlin: Springer.
Dawkins, S. (2007). CIMA Exam Practice Kit Management Accounting Decision Management: 2007 Edition. Burlington: Elsevier Science & Technology.
Dayananda, D. (2012). Capital budgeting: Financial appraisal of investment projects. Cambridge [u.a.: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Lewis, R., & Trevitt, R. (2013). Financial accounting. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas.
financial statements of Marriott Hotels and discusses measurement bases they employ. The essay also surveys the literature for current thinking on fair value measurement.
According to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), measurement "involves assigning monetary amounts at which the elements of financial statements are to be recognized and reported" (Deloitte, 2011). Accounting measurement consists of quantifying financial information in dollars or units. These measurements are then used to report information to internal and external users through the use of financial statements that accountants prepare. Financial accounting measurements may be recorded at historical cost or adjusted to reflect current market values (Conjecture Corporation, 2011).
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) require companies to record balance sheet information using a fair value accounting measurement. Companies must therefore use this measurement technique to value assets and equity investment at the current market rate which thee items would bring if they sold in an…
Works Cited
Barth, M.E. (2006). Including estimates of the future in today's financial statements. BIS Working Paper No. 28. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=947525
Cairns, D. (2006). The use of fair value in IFRS. Accounting in Europe 3, 5-22. Available at:
ftp://124.42.15.59/ck/2011-03/165/027/066/423/The%20Use%20of%20Fair%20Value%20in%20IFRS..pdf
Conjecture Corporation. (2011). What is an accounting measurement? Retrieved August 30, 2011 from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-accounting-measurement.htm
Dodd-Frank and Sarbanes-Oxley Acts are important legislations in the corporate world because of their link to public and privately held companies. Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted to enhance transparency and accountability in publicly traded companies. On the contrary, Dodd-Frank Act was enacted to disentangle the confused web of financial service company valuations. Actually, these valuations are usually hidden by complex and unclear financial instruments. The introduction of Sarbanes-Oxley Act was fueled by recent incidents of accounting frauds by top executives of major corporations such as Enron. In contrast, Dodd-Frank Act was enacted as a response to the tendency by banks, insurance companies, hedge funds, rating agencies, and accounting companies to serve up harmful offer of ruined assets and liabilities brought by systemic non-disclosure (Anand, 2011, p.1). While these regulations have some similarities and differences, they have a strong relationship with the financial markets.
elationship between the Acts and Financial Markets:
Since…
References:
Anand, S. (2011). Essentials of the Dodd-Frank Act. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Brink, A.G., Lowe, J. & Victoravich, L. (2013, August). The Effect of Evidence Strength and Internal Rewards on Intentions to Report Fraud in the Dodd-Frank Regulatory Environment. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 32(3), 87-104.
Casey, K.L. (2011, January 23). Speech by SEC Commissioner: "The Regulatory Implementation
and Implications of Dodd-Frank." Retrieved from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission website: https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/2011/spch012311klc.htm
According to these analysts, "The implicit assumption underlying the price-to-earnings method is that the fair market value of the closely held business can be approximated from the market value of comparable publicly traded businesses. To implement this method, the valuator must be able to identify a set of presumed-to-be comparable publicly traded companies and obtain sufficient information on each to verify the extent of comparability from an economic, management, and financial perspective. No publicly traded company will be precisely comparable to the closely held business being valued, so informed judgment must be exercised" (p. 81). As a general rule, the smaller in size and the more limited the scope of activities of the business being valued, the less likely there will be a set of publicly traded companies that are comparable, or even a single comparable publicly traded company. Publicly traded companies are for the most part large, measured in…
References
Allen, M.F. & Cote, J. 2005, "Creditors' Use of Operating Cash Flows: An Experimental
Study." Journal of Managerial Issues 17(2): 198-199.
"Asset/equity ratio." 2009, Investor Glossary. [Online]. Available: http://www.investorglossary.
com/asset-equity-ratio.htm.
Finanace
The Importance of Organizational Performance Assessments
Financial management is a key issue for all organizations. For commercial organizations the primary purpose of the firm is usually to create profit for the shareholders; most businesses were set up with the aim of making money rather than altruistic purposes. Therefore, financial assessments of the firm are a primary measure of its performance, and can give great insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of the firm, especially when compared to other organizations in the same sector. Even non-profit making organizations, such as charities and government departments, require some type of financial assessments take place in order to determine whether or not they are reaching the goals, and assess the way resources are utilized. The aim of this paper is to consider how and why organizational performance assessments are important, and consider how they may be utilized, focusing on financial assessments, but also…
References
Cook Sarah, (2008), The Essential Guide to Employee Engagement: Better Business Performance Through Staff Satisfaction, Kogan Page Publishers
Elliott B, Elliott J, (2011), Financial Accounting and Reporting, London, Prentice Hall.
Revsine, Lawrence; Collins, Daniel; Johnson, Bruce; Mittelstaedt, Fred, (2011), Financial Reporting and Analysis, McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Financial continuity Strategies for NGO Boards
Non-governmental organizations are often caught up in financial woes that make it difficult for their operation despite having a strong mission program. Discussed are professional financial continuity strategies for NGO boards to control the financial performance of their organizations in a timely manner. Firstly, ensuring an effective operation of the board. Their functions are executed through complementary and supervisory operations, and legal obligations on their performance in the organizations structure (Finkler et al., 2016). The board’s primary role is to represent the interests of the stakeholders and those of the organization. Their functions include administration of the organization, financial oversight, and making decisions on policy.
Their governance responsibilities includes approval of annual budgets, preparation of business plans, policy formulation and implementation, strategic planning, and other administrative controls. Internal controls should be exercised not give room for fraudulent activities. Boards should ensure the organization abides…
Financial esource Management
eaching a financial decision regarding heath care services
All forms of industries deemed financial management as expressive in origin till the 1960's. Its basic and sole role was to ensure financing for completing the business's operatives and functions. The department for business planning or marketing would project a net total for meeting the services and meeting daily demands; managers would calculate the assets required to complete a given project needed, equipment's, supplies and building. Financial management is a field which focuses on business securities as well as the markets in which they are in key demand. Also, more emphasis is made on how businesses can tap new markets and unlock their hidden potential. As a result, financial management books were pretty explanatory and predictable in origin during those times. (Sandrick, 2008).
These days, financial management plays a pivotal role in day-to-day operations of a business. The responsibility…
References
Allen, S., and M. Bombardieri. 2008. "A Healthcare System Badly Out of Balance." The Boston Globe, November 16.
Glaeser, E.L. 2004. "The Governance of Not-for-Profit Organizations." The International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law 6 (3).
Halvorson, G.C. 2005. "Healthcare Tipping Points." Healthcare Financial Management (March): 74 -- 80.
Helvin, L.K. 2008. "Caring for the Uninsured: Are Not-for-Profit Hospitals Doing Their Share?" Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics (summer): 421 -- 70.
Financial Analysis of Bestwish Limited
Company Overview
Bestwish Limited produces extensive range of quality products such as gift dressing, greetings cards, and plush merchandise of more than 50,000 stocks. The production of different categories of products involve between 2 and 15 processes. The company produces standardized products and custom designed products ordered from customers on contract basis. However, Bestwish Limited is facing challenges to control the costs because of varying production process, reliance on indirect costs and large number of stock keeping units.
Bestwish Limited has just closed the 2010 fiscal year account and the company is finalizing the 2011 budget. Bestwish intends to analyze the 2010 financial statement to present the accurate picture of the company financial performances.
Objective of this report is to analyze 2010 financial statements to assess the viability of Bestwish Limited.
Task
Attn:
Audit Committee of the Board
Finance Director
Subject: Financial statement Analysis
Date:…
References
Drury, C. (2009). Management Accounting for Business, 4th Edition (Cengage Learning EMEA, ) ISBN 1408017717.
Harris, R. And Sollis, R. (2003).Applied Time Series Modelling and Forecasting (John Wiley and Sons) ISBN 0470844434
Glynn, J. Perrin, J. Murphy, M. And Abraham, A. (2003).Accounting for Managers, 3rd Edition.(Thomson Learning) ISBN 186152904X
The Times 100, (2012). Financial statements and reporting A Cadbury Schweppes case study. The Times 100 Business Case Studies.
Financial Feasibility
Bull Run, Virginia
Pleasant Valley Estates is envisioned as an upwardly mobile community - located in Bull Run, Virginia - and targeted toward the young, single professional and young families.
Cash Flow Statement Overview
The cash flow statement constitutes a financial document, which details the exchange of cash between a business and the outside world while strategically demonstrating the in and outbound logistics. Flow is traditionally categorized as:
flow "in" from Operations - the cash the entity or company makes by selling goods and services, flow "in" from Financing - the cash the entity or company raises by selling stocks and bonds, and flow "out" to Investing - the cash the company spends toward investing in future growth
Each of these flows can move bi-directionally. Investors generally like to see that the company covers its spending with cash from operations rather than resort to financing. The cash flow…
Jordan, B. "Homeownership Alliance." Banc One Investments Advisor.
Freddie Mac Reports Strong Multifamily Lending Volume: New Product Lines Boost Production and Position Freddie Mac as Industry Leader." Freddie Mac News and Information Report. Nov. 2000.
Financial Statements: Accounting
Accounting: Financial Statements
Are the assets included under the company's assets listed in the proper order? Explain your answer.
When it comes to the listing of current assets in a balance sheet, it is their liquidity that is taken into consideration. In that regard therefore, the assets that would ordinarily be turned into cash quickly come first. Looking at the company's current assets, one would conclude that based on my explanation above, the order of listing is proper and correct. Cash (which is the most liquid current asset in this case) comes first. The other current assets follow -- in the order of their liquidity.
How are the company's assets classified?
With regard to the classification of the company's assets, we first have the current assets followed by the fixed assets. While current assets in this case include all those assets the company would ordinarily expect to…
References
Lasher, W.R. (2013). Practical Financial Management. 7th ed. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
These units tie up capital that could be better spent elsewhere. Below is the placement of Financial Times' business units (See Figure 1).
Figure 1. BCG Growth-Share Matrix - Financial Times
STAS: QUESTION MAKS:
None. The Asian Market
The Online Market
CASH COWS: DOGS:
The UK Market The American Market
The European Market
Ansoff Matrix:
Ansoff's matrix provides four different growth strategies: Market penetration, market development, product development, and diversification. With market penetration, the organization seeks to achieve growth with existing products in their current market segments, aiming to increase their market share. Market development involves growth by targeting its existing products to new market segments. Product development is the strategy whereby the organization develops new products targeted to its existing market segments. And, diversification, is where the organization grows by diversifying into new businesses, by developing new products for new markets.
Financial Times has implemented both a market penetration…
References
Robinson, J. 5 June 2005, "Out of the red and into the pink: Editor Andrew Gowers is restoring some colour to the FT's cheeks," The Observer, p. 9.
Griffiths, I. 20 May 2005, "Analysis: FT's first cuts were the cheapest," The Guardian, p. 24.
Miller, J. 16 May 2005, "Media: Webview: Why the press must wake up to the web," The Guardian, p. 13.
Another point of difficulty is that different firms may use different calendars when reporting. For example, the fiscal year at FedEx ends at the end of May, while at UPS the fiscal years ends at the end of December. This makes for a difficult comparison. For example, fuel prices escalated rapidly in early 2008. Comparing a FedEx FY09 and UPS FY08 would be very difficult, given that one of those statements would reflect the fuel price increase and the other would not.
There are also limitations to accounting analysis as a whole. At best, these forms of analysis are only as good as the financial statements from which they are produced. A large number of variables contribute to those statements, including accounting policy, accounting accuracy (or lack thereof), outdated information and changes in the accounting standards (NetTom, n.d.)
Changes in accounting policy or accounting standards can distort data year-over-year, which…
Works Cited:
MSN Moneycentral: FedEx Corporation. (2009). Retrieved November 3, 2009 from http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/hilite.asp?Symbol=FDX
MSN Moneycentral: Thomson Reuters. (2009). Retrieved November 3, 2009 from http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?Symbol=TRI
Loth, R. (n.d.). Financial ratio tutorial. Investopedia. Retrieved November 3, 2009 from http://www.investopedia.com/university/ratios/profitability-indicator/default.asp
No author. (2007). Common Size Financial Statements. NetMBA. Retrieved November 3, 2009 from http://www.netmba.com/finance/statements/common-size/
Financial Proposal: Dorchester, Ltd.
As discussed in earlier papers, for Dorchester, the final decision as to which particular nation to invest in is dependent on a range of distinct scenarios; these factors naturally impact the selected acquisition target. Before the acquisition target is selected, the nation which houses the potential acquisition target needs to be scrutinized closely. For instance, the trade environment of the nation where the prospective acquisition is located needs to be assessed, since this factor will impact the cost and ability to engage in trade. The political environment of the nation where the prospective target resides is also a crucial factor that needs to be examined closely. No potential targets exist in peaceful vacuums; rather all the prospective nations looked at during this course have some element of political risk attached to them. Furthermore, as discussed during earlier assignments, it's been found that political stability of a…
References
Brown, C. (2011, January 20). How to Finance an Acquisition. Retrieved from Inc.com:
http://www.inc.com/guides/201101/business-acquisition-financing.html
Ford, P. (2010, August 17). China's economic status is good news for the country ...
right? Retrieved from Csmonitor.com: China's economic status is good news for the country ... right?
III. RECOMMENDATION
The financial statements of IVK should be closely examined to determine how to increase revenues while decreasing expenses. Concerning the IT Department, the new manager needs to hire a good mix of people with various skills. There will, of course need to be staff members with exceptional technical skills that can develop new technologies to keep the firm growing at the steady rate that it did a few years ago. However, the department should not be saturated with technical staff. The new manager will need to hire individuals who have a strong business sense and are experienced in the fields of accounting, finance as well as other business areas. This is necessary because the technical staff person may favor a technology that seems to be best for the company because of its capabilities, but the person with a good sense of business can evaluate the technology to determine…
25 per share on the initial offering date in 1961 and held as a long-term investment. The original 100 shares has grown to 48,000 shares through stock splits and stock dividends. And this does not include the reinvestment of cash dividends.
Action
Shares
Shares After
Split
Closing Price
Before Split
Oct
1961
Bought 100 Shares
April
1966
100% stock dividend
2 for 1)
Nov
1969
Stock Split
2 for 1)
Nov
1971
50% Dividend
3 for 2)
July
1972
33 1/3% Dividend
4 for 3)
June
1976
50% Dividend
3 for 2)
Nov
1981
Stock Spilt
3 for 2)
April
1983
Stock Split
5 for 3)
June
1992
100% Dividend
2 for 1)
April
1994
Stock Split
2 for 1)
June
1998
Stock Split
2 for 1)
June
2001
Stock Split
2 for 1)
Lowe's has been a publicly owned company since October 10, 1961. Its stock has been listed…
(2 for 1)
Lowe's has been a publicly owned company since October 10, 1961. Its stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange since December 19, 1979. Shares are traded under the ticker symbol LOW. http://www.lowes.com/lkn?action=frameSet&url=www.shareholder.com/lowes/index2.cfm
Clearly Lowe's Home Improvement Warehouse is a strong investment yes, though care should be made, as with every market investment to demonstrate staying power in the progress of the stock and invest in the market as a long-term investor.
Accounting Framework
The reclassification of this expense from an aggregated category to a specific one, Fuel and oil expense, reflects a shift in how hedging will be done in the future within Southwest. Hedging was treated as a pre-emptive financial strategy within the air carrier, often managed completely off the Income Statement and included in accrued or long-term liabilities (Carter, ogers, Simkins, 54). Given the market-to-market impact of fuel contracts being negative ($73M in 2009 per the annual report) and the ineffectiveness of fuel hedges settling in future periods of -$97M the net effect on the company's profitability will be a -$54M reduction in asset valuation. This is compared to a $92M valuation in 2008. This significant shift in the valuation of hedging contracts led to the redefinition of the expense category as well.
Lessons Learned
Despite the losses incurred by Southwest with their hedging strategies in 2009, the results…
References
David A Carter, Daniel A Rogers, and Betty J. Simkins. "Does Hedging Affect Firm Value? Evidence from the U.S. Airline Industry. " Financial Management 35.1 (2006): 53-86.
Duncan Wood. "Cheaper Oil Isn't the Only Payback. " Treasury and Risk Management 16.1 (2005): 42.
The applicability of Activity-Based Costing for decision making is directly linked to the influences that ABC has over process control. In this order of ideas, by better identifying the incurred costs or the overhead, managers can better monitor and control the evolution of products, prices, costs and consequently, profits. ABC identifies the costs incurred by each item in terms of resources consumed. Therefore, with the aid of ABC, organizational managements have the ability to control resource allocation.
Activity-Based Costing reveals yet another significant feature: it has the ability to evaluate the costs of not producing an item. This basically means that with the aid of the ABC, managers are able to know how much they have lost due to machine malfunctioning, product damaging, increased inventory costs or time spent waiting for a machine component to be replaced. "Activity-Based Costing therefore gives not only much better cost control, but increasingly, it…
Works Cited
Barnat, R., 2005, Strategic Control: A New Perspective, Strategic Control, http://www.strategic-control.24xls.com/en139last accessed on October 21, 2008
Chellasamy, P., Ligy, V.K., 2008, Activity-Based Costing - a Tool for Decision Making, Fibre 2 Fashion, http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/7/670/activity-based-costing-a-tool-for-decision-making1.asplast accessed on October 21, 2008
Cooper, R., Kaplan, R.S., 1998, Design of Cost Management Systems, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall
Drucker, P.F., 2006, Classic Drucker, Harvard Business School Press
3.2.3 Portfolio Diversification of Investment in Global Property Markets
ecause the global property markets are affected by globalization and specific country / regional factors, means that the overall amounts of risks will vary, the most notable include: transparency and efficiency. Where, each country / region has different on laws and regulations pertaining to the real estate markets. This means that the risks in a number of different markets will depend upon specific market conditions themselves, reflecting these two factors. To protect themselves against these kinds of risks, many investors will often seek to diversify their portfolio. Diversification is: when you are investing a number of different asset classes in real estate, across a variety of countries / regions. The idea is that if a risk occurs in a specific country or region, the other areas that you are diversified in will protect you against the severity of the declines. For…
Bibliography
2009 A Year of Revival for Property Sector, 2010, Visit Kuwait. Available from: . [30 March 2010].
Barwa Real Estate, 2010, Arabian Business. Available from: . [30 March 2010].
Business Risk, 2010, Invest Words. Available from: [29 March 2010].
Dubai Property Companies Called Merger Off, 2009, Property Wire. Available from: [30 March 2010].
For a corporation, this increased their bottom line results and the total amounts of income they are generating. When this happens, investors are pleased with the direction of the firm and will reward the managers with lucrative pay packages and other benefits. ("omney Forgoes Full Charity," 2012)
The reason why this is important is because corporations' can avoid having to pay the same taxes twice under the progressive system. The way that this occurs is the company can take a write off for operations they have overseas. This is because they can argue that the income was not generated within the United States. When this happens, they will be taxed at a lower rate for any kind of profits from these locations. ("omney Forgoes Full Charity," 2012)
If a firm is generating a certain percentage of their earnings using this strategy, they can reduce their tax liabilities dramatically. This is…
References
Progressive Taxes. (2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/progressivetax.asp#axzz2K9truLTQ
Romney Forgoes Full Charity. (2012). Bloomberg. Retrieved from: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-21/mitt-romney-paid-14-1-federal-tax-rate-in-2011-campaign-says.html
Financial Management - Personal Investment Decision for a Public Company
Financial Statistics
ationale for Toyota
atio analysis
Stock price analysis
Foreign Interests
Toyota Motor Corporation, which is recognized as is one of the most exhilarating productions in the automobile business these days. The company is one of the most economical corporations all over the world and has appreciated a record setting achievement for a very long time. In the previous years, the worldwide automobile industry has been overwhelmed by soaring gas prices, and hard-hitting environmental protection laws. With that even being said, it has not been a walk in the park for Toyota, but to no gain the company has been one of the most effective establishments so far. Toyota Motor Corporation has also been one of the manufacturing leaders in creating new and innovative technologies that take advantage of the productions existing barriers. There are a lot of things…
References
Bryce, H.J. (2007). "Financial and Strategic Management for Nonprofit Organizations." Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall,.
Campos, F. (2010). "As funding dries up, nonprofits must work harder.." Pacific Business News,, 34(8), 34-56.
Elliot, S. (2014). Toyota Motor Corporation. The New York Times, 34(9).
Herrold, C.Y. (2012). "How to Carve a Pie." Foundation News and Commentary,. Foundation News and Commentary, 41(4), 45-67.
It is, in this sense, a question of security and risk avoidance. In a financially insecure environment, an environment where state budgeting and financing for hospitals may be influenced by issues such as a change in the governing party, a change in the state priorities or anything like this, it is important to know that, while on one hand your sources of financing are variable, including here the possibility that sponsorship contacts may be less important in some years, your financial obligations remain stable and are not subject to modifications.
A second important advantage for the two types of conventional mortgage schemes I have mentioned is the fact that they seem to be more addressed to long-term activities than the adjustable rate conventional mortgage. Indeed, the adjustable rate advantages people who will prefer to change their asset after the first years and will benefit form the lower interest rate and…
Bibliography
1. Understanding Mortgage Options. Alpha Mortgage Services Inc. On the Internet at http://www.loanbright.com/alphatoledo/options.htm
2. Conventional Mortgage Program Overview. 2005. FreddieMac. On the Internet at http://www.freddiemac.com/multifamily/conventional.htm
Understanding Mortgage Options. Alpha Mortgage Services Inc. On the Internet at
Financial Environment
A non-for-profit entity has a financial structure based on assets and liabilities solely. Such an entity does not have equity. The main source of financing for a non-profit entity is donations. A non-profit entity is, other than a few fixed assets, a flow-through entity. This means that donations come into the organization, and are then rendered out in the form of services. There is a high emphasis on expenses. Most charities will have some current assets, but usually these are things likely to be converted to cash. Otherwise, the assets tend to be equipment or buildings, likely depreciable. The balance sheet is known as the statement of financial position, outlining the assets and liabilities. These are not necessarily balanced, which is why the term balance sheet is not used (Foley, 2015). Spending in a non-profit is almost entirely discretionary in nature, technically, though there may be ongoing programs.…
References
CharityWatch.org (2015). Overhead ratios are essential for informed giving. CharityWatch.org. Retrieved April 13, 2015 from https://www.charitywatch.org/charitywatch-articles/overhead-ratios-are-essential-for-informed-giving/133
Foley, E. (2015). Reporting and operations. Non-Profit Accounting Basics. Retrieved April 13, 2015 from http://www.nonprofitaccountingbasics.org/reporting-operations/statement-financial-position
Friedman, M. (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved April 13, 2015 from http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html
Also, on April 1, 2004, Sony recognized a charge of 4,713 million yen (net of income taxes of 2,675 million yen) as a cumulative effect of an accounting change. (Form 20F Year Ended Mar. 31, 2008)
2.1.2.4 During the quarter ended December 31, 2004 Sony adopted EITF Issue No. 04-8 which requires that the maximum number of common stock that could be issued upon the conversion of contingently convertible debt instruments be included in diluted EPS computations from the date of issuance regardless of whether the conditions to exercise the stock acquisition rights have been met. As a result of the adoption of EITF Issue No. 04-8, Sony's diluted, Sony's diluted EPS of income before cumulative effect of an accounting change and net income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 decreased by 7.26 yen and 7.06 yen, respectively, as a result of adopting EITF Issue No. 04-8. (Form…
Bibliography
Documents submitted to the SEC (EDGAR) Form 20F and others. http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/IR/library/sec.html
Business Plan
Business Financial Plan for Sweet Tooth Treats
Baking has always been a major part of my family life, and for generations there has been infamous cookie recipes past down from one cook to the next. Every holiday season, my cookies are notorious for being the best any gift receivers have ever had. Finally, I believe it is time to make my baking hobby and actual money making enterprise. I know I have the recipe, the potential customers, and options for both retail space and an online presence. The only thing missing is the initial push to make this hobby an actual business -- Sweet Tooth Treats.
Business Start Up Plan
Product
The essentially product here is the various cookies, of different flavors and ingredients. I have several recipes for cookies, both permanent and seasonal variations. These products will be sold in both individual sales at a retail location,…
References
Colorado Small Business Association. (2012). The beginning balance sheet. Documents. Web. https://www.coloradosbdc.org/DocumentMaster.aspx?doc=4
Damrauer, Virginia Hire. (2010). One Good Cookie. National University. Web. http://www.academia.edu/346438/One_Good_Cookie_A_Business_Plan
Hub Pages. (2012). How to start your own cookie business from home. Small Business and Entrepreneurs. Web. http://kathrynvercillo.hubpages.com/hub/Start_Your_Own_Cookie_Business
Office of Financial Management. (2012). Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Accounting Principles. Web. http://www.ofm.wa.gov/policy/80.20.htm
This can for example relate to customer relations and service. When a company is well-known for its excellence of customer service, customers tend to return. This is also a very good vehicle of word-of-mouth advertising. Satisfied customers tend to return and to advertise to their friends.
4) Tangible resources are vital to recognize within accounting reports, as this is the indicator of a companies earnings and expenditures. If a company is not well informed of both, it is in danger of making unsound financial decisions.
Intangible resources are important for utilization in paradigms such as advertising and ensuring customer returns and also the cumulative effect of word-of-mouth advertising. While not measurable in terms of income, elements such as customer service are also vital to a company's well-being. Complaints about a company could do much more harm than the best reports on its tangible resources. Reputation is therefore also of vital…
Accounting
The role of financial statements in investing is that they provide a consistent format that can be used by potential investors and other stakeholders to evaluate a company. There are several components that facilitate this happening. For publicly-traded firms, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) play a key role in the creation of financial statements. GAAP is a common set of accounting principles and procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements (Investopedia, 2012). ith companies having to produce their statements according to a common set of criteria, the information is easier to compare not only between different years at the same company, but also against other firms in the industry and all other publicly-traded firms.
The IFRS is essentially the international version of GAAP. Financial statements in many countries, especially those in Europe, are produced according to IFRS. There are a many areas where GAAP and IFRS diverge,…
Works Cited:
AICPA. (2011). International financial reporting standards (IFRS): An AICPA backgrounder. AICPA. Retrieved March 22, 2012 from http://www.ifrs.com/pdf/IFRSUpdate_V8.pdf
Beiersdorf 2011 Annual Report. Retrieved March 22, 2012 from http://www.beiersdorf.com/GetFile.ashx?id=3243
Investopedia (2012). Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Investopedia. Retrieved March 22, 2012 from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gaap.asp#axzz1pmKm2c8C
Revlon Fiscal Year 2011 Form 10-K. Retrieved March 22, 2012 from http://services.corporate-ir.net/SEC/Document.Service?id=P3VybD1odHRwOi8vaXIuaW50Lndlc3RsYXdidXNpbmVzcy5jb20vZG9jdW1lbnQvdjEvMDAwMTE5MzEyNS0xMi0wNjUzMTAvZG9jL1JldmxvbkluYy5wZGYmdHlwZT0yJmZuPVJldmxvbkluYy5wZGY=
elevance
Materiality
Quantitative
The Financial Year/Accounting Period Concept
Application of Literature eview into practice for IKEA's 3-year (2009-2010-2011) financial reports
What is missing and ok in the reports? The good and bad points of eports based on Literature eview.
103-year comparative ratio analysis and their interpretations
Literature eview of "Strategic Management Accounting Concept" and its application to facilitate the IKEA's ambitions for the future.
The concept of financial reporting is important to each and every organization. The information contained in financial reports is important since it helps in the reduction of financial risks while also acting as a tool for corporate governance (Kothari,2000; Berndt,2007).Financial report must have a series of desirable characteristics. In this paper, we use IKEA's financial reports in evaluating the desirable characteristics of financial reports. Also discussed is the possible effects of using the concepts of strategic management accounting and its methods in the promotion and facilitation…
References
Beuselinck, C. & Manigart, S. (2007). Financial Reporting Quality in Private Equity Backed Companies: The Impact of Ownership Concentration. Small Business Economics, 29, 261-274.
Dabor, EL., Adeyemi, SB (2009).Corporate Governance and the credibility of financial statements in Nigeria. Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics. Vol 4, (1)
Datamonitor (2012). Ikea Group. http://www.datamonitor.com/store/Product/ikea_group?productid=6878C795-4BCB-4C85-A319-6F33C508FD80
Dechow, P.M., Sloan, R.G. & Sweeney, A.P. (1996). Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary Accounting Research, 13(1), 1-36.
Using these different techniques reveals different information about the company. So for example we know that Tesco earned £67.6 billion in revenue last year, and that this is an increase of 8.1% over the previous year. This is the top line number; we can see that the bottom line number is £3.8 billion, an increase of 11.7% from the year before. This basic analysis reveals that the company has increased its revenues faster than it costs. This is valuable information for all types of stakeholders. Investors find such facts reassuring. Unionized workers may see an opportunity to take their share of the increased profits, and customers may be upset that the company is earning higher margins from them, although it is hard to see where margins might come from on a 19p can of tomatoes.
The balance sheet is used to understand Tesco's financial condition. The assets, liabilities and equity…
Works Cited:
Grant Thornton. (2011). The future of UK GAAP. Grant Thornton. Retrieved November 22, 2011 from http://www.grant-thornton.co.uk/services_/audit_and_assurance_x/the_future_of_uk_gaap-1.aspx
Investopedia. (2011). Efficient market hypothesis. Investopedia. Retrieved November 22, 2011 from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/efficientmarkethypothesis.asp
SEC. (2007). Beginner's guide to financial statements. Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved November 22, 2011 from http://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/begfinstmtguide.htm
Tesco 2011 Annual Report. Retrieved November 22, 2011 from http://ar2011.tescoplc.com/
New PCAOB
eporting equirements
A PACTICAL GUIDE TO THE NEW PCAOB EPOTING
A Practical Guide to the New PCAOB eporting equirements
PCAOB is a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board established by Sarbanes-Oxley Act to oversee the auditing procedures of public companies in order to protect the interest of investors and enhance public confidence towards preparation of accurate audit information. The PCAOB attempts to protect the interests of investors as well as enhancing fair and accurate audit reporting.
The objective of this study is to justify whether the reporting requirements of the PCAOB reduce the chance of financial fraud.
Justification how the reporting requirements of the PCAOB reduce the chance of financial fraud
Fundamental objective leading to the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 was in response of corporate financial scandals that rocked business circle in the late 1990s and early 2000s in the United States. To restore investors'…
References
Berger, S.R. (2010). A practical Guide to the New PCAOB Reporting Requirements. Accounting and Auditing Financial Reporting. CPA Journal.
Center for Audit Quality (2010). Deterring and Detecting Financial Reporting Fraud. A Platform for Action. American Institute of CPA.
Coates, J.C. (2007). The Goals and Promise of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21 (1): 91-116.
Jonas, G.J. (2007).Re: Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 021 -- An Audit of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
Translation, eporting, And Prices
Briefly describe the corporation you researched.
The organization researched is a multinational called Walmart. The chain store is a retailer organization whose home office is located in America. The company operates by providing products to its customer through a chain of retail outlets. The public owned organization is the largest in the global market. The company has grown over the years through implementing policies that allow it to sell at a lower price that its competition. The company is the largest retailer is the globe with majority of its shares held by the public. The founding family still has a controlling share of the business with the family controlling over 48% of the shares. The company founded in 1962 and incorporated in 1969 is among the most successful companies in the globe. Its headquarters is located in Arkansas and is currently the largest grocery retailer in…
References
Akta?, R., & Kar?
n, M. (2011). Timeliness of Reporting and the Quality of Financial Information. International Research Journal Of Finance & Economics, (63), 71-77.
Albuquerque, R., De Francisco, E., & Marques, L.B. (2008). Marketwide Private Information in Stocks: Forecasting Currency Returns. Journal Of Finance, 63(5), 2297-2343.
Bartov, E. (1997). Foreign Currency Exposure of Multinational Firms: Accounting Measures and Market Valuation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 14(4), 623-652.
" The code also states when communicating investment information care must be taken to ensure that it is fair, accurate and complete as well as make full and fair disclosure of all matters that could reasonably be expected to impair their independence and objectivity or interfere with respective duties to their clients, prospective clients, and employer.
Evidence indicates Lehman's senior financial executives knew of the Repo 105 transactions and certified the accuracy of Lehman's financial statements and disclosures despite having full knowledge that the company had engaged in the use of these transactions to hide their toxic assets and make their financial statements appear to be in good health when, in reality, they were not. These executives were fully aware that the financial statements were misleading and did not fairly present the true position of the company.
Hiding toxic assets and releasing favorable financial statements to investors each quarter clearly…
Works Cited
Ahrens, Frank. "Lehmann Brothers, the Evil Repo 105s and the Danger of Off-
Balance-Sheet Deals." Washingtonpost.com, 20 April 2010. Web. 18 March 2013.
"Code of Ethics and Professional Standards" CFA Institute, Vol. 2010, No. 14, June 2010. Web. 18 March 2013.
Jeffers, Agatha E. "Lehman Brother -- the Thin Line between Aggressive Accounting and Unethical Behavior." European Journal of Management, Vol. 11, Issue 4, Winter 2011. Web. 18 March 2013.
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