Overview Human immunodeficiency virus - HIV continues to be a serious health concern across the world. In essence, HIV brings about harm to the body of an individual by destroying infection fighting white blood cells. Not all persons with HIV end up developing AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), which is the last HIV infection stage. In the United States, Centers for Disease and Control – CDC (2018) points out that HIV has been on the decline within the last decade as a result of targeted efforts to prevent the same. However, according to CDC, “progress has been uneven, and the annual infections and diagnoses have increased among some groups.” It is important to note that there are a wide range of HIV transmission modes, with some of the most prominent modes being unprotected sex, via blood-borne exposure, and from an infected mother to her child (Schulz, 2016). This text concerns itself with…...

In the UK for instance, there are no guidelines on the issue of nutritional labeling. In some cases nutritional information is ether missing totally or is present in a form which is too complex to be comprehended by the general public.
Therefore, the ongoing discussion between the industry players, health groups and regulators has a focus on making nutritional labeling compulsory as well as making the current system simpler to read and understand. This would the enable the consumers to make their own independent judgments on the type of food that they would like to purchase.

Several proposals have been advanced by the health regulators and watch groups. They include the placing of warning on food and beverages with high energy density as well as linking of the calorie consumption to the energy output by effectively stating how much exercise would be needed to burn off the 'extra' calories in a…...

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Works cited

Ethical Investment Research Services. Obesity concerns in the food and beverage industry (2006) <  http://www.eiris.org/files/research%20publications/seeriskobesityfeb06.pdf >

Greene, Michael ., Menu labeling laws: the right to nutritional information? Prepared as an academic requirement for the agricultural law course at the Pennsylvania state university's Dickinson school of Law Spring semester (2010)

Lackson, Lucas. Most obese countries. Reuters <  http://www.reuters.com/news/pictures/slideshow?articleId=USRTXT3DK#a=1 >

NIDDK. Overweight and Obesity Statistics (2010).  http://win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/PDFs/stat904z.pdf

Breast cancer forms the second largest cause of deaths from cancer in American women. In the year 2015, roughly 232,000 women, mostly between 55 and 64 years of age, showed positive cancer diagnoses, with 40,000 succumbing to the disease. The median breast cancer-linked mortality age is 68 years. The US PSTF (Preventive Services Task Force) advises all females aged between 50 and 74 years to undergo screening mammography once every two years. Women may individually even decide to commence screening mammography before turning fifty. Those who set greater store by the potential advantages as compared to disadvantages of screening can even opt for screening once in two years once they turn forty. For those displaying average breast cancer risk, much of the benefits linked to mammography will result from two-yearly screening between 50 and 74 years of age. Of all age groups, the 60-69-year-old group displays the greatest likelihood of…...

Ground Zero at Fukushima The meltdown of the Fukushima Nuclear Plant in 2011 in Japan resulted in concerns of the spread of thyroid cancer among the population. The epidemiology of radiation has long been studied and the consensus opinion is that the lower the exposure to radiation, the lower the risk (Boice, 2012). While an increase in thyroid cancer among the population in the vicinity of the Fukushima disaster has been identified, these findings have been questioned by many researchers like Takahashi et al. (2016) because of the limitations of the methodology flawed assessment techniques involved. To date, the research has shown that exposure to radiation is low in the area, and that in areas where groundshine radiation levels are higher, evacuation protocols have been followed to reduce the risk of exposure among the populace.
The epidemiological considerations that arise in the wake of a disaster are based on the what, where,…...

Chemical Exposure, Public Health Concerns, & Environmental Impact
Chemical Health Effects

A.) Mercury

Health isks

Neurological damage (adolescent)

Neurological damage and developmental disabilities (in utero, neonatal stage)

Low I.Q

B.) Asbestos

Health isks

lung cancer

breathing difficulty

death

C.) Lead

Health isks

Mental etardation

Stunted Growth

Visual/Hearing Impairment

D.) adon

Health isks

Lung Cancer

Mercury

Mercury has long been identified as an environmental hazard and of great concern to public health. Mercury is toxic to vital organs and is deadly when entered into the bloodstream in quantities greater than trace amounts. ecently, mercury has been observed in oceanic fish that are caught in the wild and sold at markets and in fish caught at reservoirs.

"Mercury has been found in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from five South Carolina reservoirs. According to investigators, "mercury concentrations in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) bass were compared among five reservoirs in South Carolina. Three of these reservoirs (Lake ussell, Lake Thurmond, and Lake Marion) are accessible to the public and two (L-Lake and Par Pond) are located…...

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References

Brittle, C., & Zint, M. (2003). Do newspapers lead with lead? A content analysis of how lead health risks to children are covered National Environmental Health Association. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/219711518?accountid=13044 

Environmental health; mercury is found in largemouth bass from five south carolina reservoirs (2006). NewsRx. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/211440363?accountid=13044 

Kovarik, W. (2007). Environmental public health policy for asbestos on schools: Unintended consequences Oxford University Press, UK. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/216116437?accountid=13044 

LaDou, J., Landrigan, P., Bailar, J., Foa, V., & al, e. (2001). A call for an international ban on asbestos: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/204818505?accountid=13044

3). Selenide ions are being increasingly being used in photoelectrochemical cell applications (Lewis, 1995). Selenium compounds are also found in internal combustion exhaust, and have been positively associated with increased mortality rates in five of six American cities surveyed by (Topeka, Kansas was the exception; the other cities surveyed were Boston, St. Louis, Knoxville, Madison, and Steubenville) (Dockery, Laden and Schwartz, 2000). The combustion of coal combustion is responsible for between 62% (Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants- Selenium, 1976) and 85% (Eimutis, Quill & inaldi, 1978) of harmful selenium emissions in the United States.
Furthermore, in combination with oxygen, selenium forms selenium dioxide, SeO2; the reaction of this oxide with water results in selenious acid, H2SeO3. Selenium also forms a variety of compounds in which the selenium atom bonds to both an oxygen and a halogen atom resulting in compounds such as selenium (VI) oxychloride, SeO2Cl2, which is…...

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References

Bradshaw, T.K., Davis, P.R., Gwebu, N. et al. (2003). Science First: Contributions of a University-Industry Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program to Economic Development. Journal of Higher Education, 74(3), 292.

Dunning, H.C. (1993). Confronting the Environmental Legacy of Irrigated Agriculture in the West: The Case of the Central Valley Project. Environmental Law, 23(3), 943-69.

Eimutis, E.C., Quill, R.P., & Rinaldi, G.M. (1978). Source assessment: noncriteria pollutant emissions. Research Triangle Park, NC: Monsanto Research Corp. For U.S.E.P.A. Industrial and Environmental Research Laboratory.

Grabowski, J. & Vandenbos, G.R. (Eds.). (1992). Psychopharmacology: Basic Mechanisms and Applied Interventions. Washington, DC: APA Books.

Sugar Substitutes
SWEET BUT DEADLY?

Health Concerns and isks of Using Sugar Substitutes

Sweets and sugar-sweetened pop or soft drinks have recently been blamed for an increasing number of negative health conditions, such as overweight and diabetes. This has led solid soft drink consumers to turn to artificially sweetened soft drinks as substitutes. The safety of artificial sweeteners or sugar substitutes has been questioned but the impact of high intakes of artificial sweeteners on pregnant women has hardly been addressed.

The association between intakes of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks and preterm delivery will be investigated.

Prospective cohort analyses of 20,000 women from the Buenos Aires national birth cohort (2012-2014) will be conducted. Their soft drink intake for more than 10 years will be assessed in mid-pregnancy through the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. The primary outcome measure will be preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks. Other information will be assessed through telephone…...

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Reference: National Center

for Biomedical Communication. Retrieved on September 29, 2012 from http://www.ghr.nol.nih.gov/condition/tetrahydrobiopterin-deficiency

- (2012). Phenylketonuria. Retrieved on September 29, 2012 from  http://www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition-phenylketonuria 

Islam, M.S. (2011). Effects of xylitol as a sugar substitute on diabetes-related parameters in non-diabetic rats. Vol 14 # 5 Journal of Medicinal Foods: S. Karger AG, Basel. Retrieved on September 29, 2012 from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21434778 

Islam, M.S. And Indrajit, M. (2012). Effects of xylitol on blood glocuse tolerance, serum insulin, and lipid profile in a type 2 diabetes model of rats. Vol 61 # 1 Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism: S. Karger AG, Basel. Retrieved on September 28, 2012

Healthcare
Why access to healthcare has become an issue in the U.S.

According to a 2010 Gallup Poll, Americans named access to services the "top issue" in health care ("Americans Name Healthcare Access Top U.S. Health Issue," 2010). Empirical research also reveals that access is the top problem in the American health care system at the moment, as "tens of millions of adults under age 65 -- both those with insurance and those without -- saw their access to health care worsen dramatically over the past decade," (Galewitz, 2012). The reasons for the problems related to access stem from social justice and cost barriers (Galewitz, 2012). Health care is simply too expensive for most Americans. As a result, many are delaying seeking treatment. The situation is as true for the insured as the uninsured, showing that health care access is a systemic problem (Young, 2012, p. 1). The 2010 Patient Protection and…...

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References

"Americans Name Healthcare Access Top U.S. Health Issue," (2010). Gallup. Retrieved online:  http://www.gallup.com/video/144902/americans-say-healthcare-access-costs-top-health-issues.aspx 

Galewitz, P. (2012). Access to health care in U.S. worsens, study finds. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. May 10, 2012. Retrieved online:  http://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/health-med-fit/fitness/access-to-health-care-in-u-s-worsens-study-finds/article_84fad081-8f9e-523a-a24f-0c19403430c0.html 

Young, J. (2012). Health care access worsens. Huffington Post. May 7, 2012. Retrieved online:  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/07/health-care-access-urban-institute_n_1497658.html

ALCOHOL ADDICTION AS A HEALTH ISSUEAlcohol Addiction as a Health IssueAlcohol addiction happens to be a major global issue. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); Office of the Surgeon General (2016), alcohol addiction led to the death of about 88,000 people in the United States in 2014. In addition the economic impact of alcohol addiction per year happens to be approximately $249 billion. Further, alcohol addiction is associated with a wide range of social concerns and health problems which are inclusive of, but they are not limited to; property crimes, injuries, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, sexual assault and rape, neonatal abstinence syndrome, mental disorders, breast cancer, high blood pressure, stroke, and heart disease (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration - US; Office of the Surgeon General, 2016). To reduce the burden that is associated with alcohol addiction, it would be prudent to prevent the…...

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ReferencesMcKenzie, J. F., Brad, L.N. & Rosemary, T. (2013). Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Health Promotion Programs: A Primer (5TH Edition). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company.Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); Office of the Surgeon General (US) (2016). Prevention Programs and Policies. Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health [Internet]. Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human ServicesVantamay, S. (2009). Alcohol Consumption among University Students: Applying a Social Ecological Approach for Multi-Level Interventions. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 40(2), 354-369.

Oily fish contains a particularly important EFA, which provides protection against heart disease. It can also help prevent osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, cyclic breast pain, skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis and help the development of the baby's brain during pregnancy. Another important EFA is found in oily nuts such as almonds, walnuts and razil nuts, which counteracts deposits of harmful cholesterol. Some recent research suggests that EFA's can improve your mood, prevent inflammation, water retention and can help weight loss. Monounsaturated fat remains liquid at room temperature, olive oil being the best known source. it's also found in grape seed oil, avocados and some spreads. Olive oil is rich in fat-soluble vitamin sAD. E and K, vital antioxidants that help to prevent cancer, arthritis and heart disease.
Different people require a different number of calories to lose weight and maintain health, which is dictated by their build, level…...

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Bibliography

Controlling the global obesity epidemic. Retrieved November 24, 2004 from WHO. Web site:  http://www.who.int/nut/obs.htm 

How to Pick a Nutritional Plan. Retrieved November 21, 2004 from PDR Health. Web site:  http://www.pdrhealth.com/content/nutrition_health/chapters/fgnt04.shtml 

Koop, C. (2000) Retrieved from American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 72, No. 2. Web site:  http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/72/2/503S 

Preventing Childhood Obesity. RWJF President and CEO Reflects on Institute of Medicine Action Plan. Retrieved November 22, 2004 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Web site:  http://www.rwjf.org/news/special/risaObesityInterview.jhtml

Health and Social Justice Issue in Saharan Country
Mali occupies the fourth position among the poorest nations of the world. Mali is still plagued by a multitude of financial tribulations with an economy in shambles, the country's liability approximately equivalent to its GDP, at the mercy of the international donor groups, insufficient revenues of the state exchequer and pressure from various coterie groups voicing their demands. (Mali Human ights Practices: U.S. Department of State, 1994) However, at the same time it a nation that boasts of a rich and hoary tradition. It is popular as a country marked by its multihued varied populace and harmonic tunes. Currently, it is confronted with a massive menace like AIDS, Noma and a host of tropical diseases. Mali has the world's lowest adult literacy rate of less than 25%. The country's education system is inadequately formed, especially at the primary stage. A United Nations report…...

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References

Condom Vending Machine. (March 01, 2004) "Mali, AIDS and Condoms" Initial Research Report. Retrieved at Accessed on 11 July, 2004http://dtm.media.mit.edu/dtm/dtm04/projects/condom/archives/000145.html.

Dao, S. (Jan 7-8, 2004) "HIV Treatment in Mali, PNLS/GAIA" AIDS Vaccine Conference, Bamako, Mali.

Johnston, Timothy; Faure, Sheila Dohoo; Raney, Laura. (June 1998) "The World Bank and the Health Sector in Mali" Report No. 18112.

Mahe A; Prual A; Konate M; Bobin P. (Sep-Oct, 1995) "Skin Diseases of Children in Mali: A Public Health Problem" Tropical Medical Hygiene. Volume: 89: No: 5; pp: 467-70

As a group, the 3 groups in this study showed significant increases on both the school-level accountability indicators like performance and progress and the core content indicators like reading, math, and writing for the 3-year period. This was expected and likely due to the importance placed on academic reform throughout the entire state educational system. Holding time constant, the level of implementation was an important factor, particularly on the reading and math indicators. Schools implementing CSHP at a low level had a considerably lower proportion of students meeting both the reading and the math standards than schools implementing CSHP at a high level.

Interestingly, schools implementing CSHP at a low level also had a considerably lower proportion of students meeting both the reading and the mathematics standards than those schools not implementing CSHP at all. This finding was not surprising given that for academically struggling schools, upholding fidelity across multiple programs…...

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References

Rosas, S., Case, J., & Tholstrup, L. (2009). A Retrospective Examination of the Relationship

Between Implementation Quality of the Coordinated School Health Program Model

and School-Level Academic Indicators Over Time. Journal of School Health, 79(3),

Health Promotion Plan Addressing Tobacco UseIntroductionThis health promotion plan for tobacco product users includes a range of activities and strategies aimed at reducing the harmful effects of tobacco use. First and foremost, we want to provide education about the risks associated with tobacco use, including the dangers of both active and passive smoking. Additionally, this health promotion plan aims to reduce the availability of tobacco products, and to discourage smoking in public places. We want to promote smoke-free policies that can be implemented in workplaces, schools, and other public areas. Finally, effective cessation programs need to be put in place to support smokers who are trying to quit. These programs should be affordable and accessible to all.EducationTobacco use is a major public health concern. It is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, responsible for more than 480,000 deaths each year (American Lung Association, 2016). Given the…...

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ReferencesCDC. (2019). Best practices. Retrieved from   (2020). Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States. Retrieved from  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm CDC. (2021). State and community work. Retrieved from  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/stateandcommunity/index.htm CDC. (2022). Health effects of cigarette smoking. Retrieved from  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/index.htmhttps://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/stateandcommunity/guides/index.htm CDC.

Preliminary Care Coordination PlanPatient-CenteredHealth interventions for homeless individuals must be patient-centered in order to be successful. This means that each individual must be treated as a unique case, with a personalized care plan that is based on their specific needs. Homeless patients often need specialized care plans that address multiple needs aside from the need for sheltersometimes these can include plans for services such as counseling services, mental health services, addiction services, and others (Walker et al., 2021).An effective health intervention will also take into account the individuals timeline for addressing the problem of homelessness. For some people, this may mean making a long-term commitment to housing and support services. For others, it may mean working towards more immediate goals, such as securing safe and stable housing. By understanding the individual\\\'s needs and timeline, health care providers can develop a plan that is more likely to lead to positive outcomes.Health…...

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ReferencesBiederman, D. J., Gamble, J., Wilson, S., Douglas, C., & Feigal, J. (2019). Health care utilization following a homeless medical respite pilot program. Public Health Nursing, 36(3), 296-302.da Silva, F. P., Paiva, F. D. A. S., Guedes, C. P., da Silva Frazão, I., Vasconcelos, S. C., & da Costa Lima, M. D. (2018). Nursing diagnoses of the homeless population in light of self-care theory. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 32(3), 425-431.Molina-Mula, J., & Gallo-Estrada, J. (2020). Impact of nurse-patient relationship on quality of care and patient autonomy in decision-making. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 835.Thurman, W., Moczygemba, L. R., & Baffoe, J. O. (2022). “Without my medication, I\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'m a wreck”: Photo-elicitation to explore medication use among people experiencing homelessness. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 18(7), 3149-3157.Walker, J. N., Vanderhoef, D., Adams, S. M., & Fleisch, S. B. (2021). The impact of an educational intervention on nursing staff attitudes toward patients experiencing homelessness and mental illness. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 10783903211011669.

Health of Indigenous Australian Using Ecological and Holistic Health Paradigm
Patterns of health and illness

Physical Health

Mental Health

Spiritual Health

Social Health

Impact of Broader Environments

Natural

Built

Social

Economic

Political

Critical eflection

Health is a basic component of human life that comprises of multiple facets. The description of health has witnessed dramatic change during past few years, as it has become a holistic phenomenon. Previously, it was considered that a healthy person is the one who does not suffer from any ailment or illness. However in recent times, the physical, psychological and communal aspects of human life have been amalgamated to give a broader perspective to human health which is identical to the concept of indigenous communities (Hjelm, 2010).

Numerous organizations are working extensively for providing adequate health care to the world population since many decades. However, it is appalling to notice that discrimination on social, economic and political grounds has coerced indigenous populations to languish in poor health conditions in regions…...

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References

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012, Australia's health 2012, AIHW, Australia.

Biddle, N & Yap, M 2010, Demographic and Socioeconomic Outcomes Across the Indigenous Australian Lifecourse: Evidence from the 2006 Census, ANU E. Press, Australia.

Caltabiano, ML & Ricciardelli, L 2012, Applied Topics in Health Psychology, John Wiley & Sons, Great Britain.

Carson, B, Dunbar, T & Chenhall, RD 2007, Social Determinants of Indigenous Health, Allen & Unwin, Singapore.

Essay Topics on the Recent Childhood Obesity Epidemic

Introduction:

In recent years, childhood obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern, affecting millions of children worldwide. The epidemic has far-reaching implications for both the physical and mental well-being of our children. This essay presents a comprehensive overview of the current childhood obesity epidemic, exploring its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.

Causes of Childhood Obesity:

Dietary Factors: The consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats contributes significantly to childhood obesity.
Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and increased screen time have led to decreased energy expenditure and increased calorie intake.
Genetic....

Crafting a Compelling Thesis Statement for an Anxiety and Depression Research Paper

Anxiety and depression are prevalent mental health concerns affecting a significant portion of the global population. Research in this area aims to explore the complexities of these conditions, understand their underlying mechanisms, and develop effective interventions for prevention, treatment, and management. Writing a compelling thesis statement for an anxiety and depression research paper is crucial for guiding your research and setting the stage for a successful project.

 1. Choose a Focused and Manageable Topic:

- Select a specific aspect of anxiety or depression that genuinely interests you and aligns with your....

The Stigma of Mental Illness: A Persistent Plague Haunting the Ill, Healed, and Healing

Thesis Statement: The stigma associated with mental illness casts a pervasive shadow over individuals, manifesting before, during, and long after their struggles with mental health.

Introduction

The stigma surrounding mental illness remains a formidable barrier, hindering individuals from seeking help, accessing treatment, and regaining their lives. This pervasive prejudice perpetuates misconceptions and discrimination, exacerbating the suffering of those afflicted with mental health conditions. Tracing the trajectory of stigma's impact, we observe its insidious presence at every stage of the mental health journey, from the onset of symptoms, through the....

1. Exploration of Loneliness and Its Impact on Mental and Physical Health

Loneliness, a pervasive human experience, has detrimental effects on both mental and physical well-being. This essay could delve into the psychological consequences of loneliness, such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. It could also examine the physiological impacts, including increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and impaired immune function. The essay could conclude by highlighting the importance of recognizing and addressing loneliness as a significant public health concern.

2. The Role of Technology in Loneliness: A Double-Edged Sword

Technology has become an integral part of modern life, but its impact on....