High Blood Pressure Essays (Examples)

However, bowel movements were more frequent during the high-fiber than during the control diet." (Nutrition Research Newsletter, 2002)

The work of Ruixing, et al. (2007) entitled: "Comparison of Demography, Diet, Lifestyle, and Serum Lipid Levels between the Guangxi ai Ku Yao and Han Populations" states that dyslipidemia is a condition "...in which there is an abnormal lipid or lipoprotein concentration. It is well-known that dyslipidemia is determined by genetic, demographic, and lifestyle factors." (Ruixing, et al., 2007)

It is reported that "...High levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein (apo) and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are correlated with the progression of atherosclerosis and a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CHD). To prevent the development of these diseases, a great deal of research has been focused on determining the relationship between these lipid phenotypes and dietary intake and…

Bibliography

Ballesteros, Martha N. (2001) Dietary Fiber and Lifestyle Influence Serum Lipids in Free Living Adult Men. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Vol. 20, No. 6. 2001. Online available at:  http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/20/6/649 

Cater, Nilo B. And Garg, Abhimanyu (2007) The effect of dietary intervention on serum lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Current Diabetes Reports. Vol. 2 No. 3 May 2002.

Dietary Fiber Health Claims and Serum Lipids -- Cardiovascular Disease (2002) Nutrition Research Newsletter, June 2002. Online available at:  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0887/is_6_21/ai_87852135/ 

Gangi, Vijay and Kuo, Jennifer (2008) Serum Lipid Responses to Psyllium Fiber: Differences Between Pre and Post-Menopausal, Hypercholesterolemic Women. Nutrition Journal 2008. Vol. 7, Issue 22. 26 Aug 2008.

Bonds than his fellow African-Americans."

Recently, it has come to the attention of the media and others that the drug called, "human growth hormone" (HGH) is being used by some major league baseball players. An article in USA Today (Nightengale, 2007) points out through secondary reporting of data that Rick Ankiel (St. Louis Cardinals), Jay Gibbons (Baltimore Orioles) and Troy Glaus (Blue Jays) have been implicated in the use of HGH. This information was made available because an investigation of a Florida pharmacy by the federal government (reported by Sports Illustrated and the New York Daily News) turned up receipts detailing transactions between those players and the pharmacy.

According to the article, a quantitative piece, by taking HGH (another performance-enhancing substance) players may be able to "avert positive steroid tests." How can they do that? "Taking HGH enables you to take lower doses of anabolic steroids," journalist Bob Nightengale quotes…

Works Cited

Dowshen, Steven. (2007). Steroids. KidsHealth. Retrieved September 14, 2007, at  http://kidshealth.org .

Economist. (2007). Curb your enthusiasm. 384(8541), p. 28.

Kopkowski, Cynthia. (2007). Home Field Disadvantages. NEA Today, 25(6), p. 23.

National Institute of Drug Addiction. (2007). NIDA InfoFacts: Steroids (Anabolic-Androgenic)

Psychology -- the Effects of Population Density and Noise

Population density affects territoriality, privacy, personal space and noise levels. These four psychological elements involve perception and high population density affects all of them in ways that are physiologically and psychologically harmful to humans. Through decades of experience and study, experts have learned to use perception to reduce the harmful effects of high population density. The introduction of nature and the use of design to create the perception of ample space can dramatically reduce the harmful effects of high population density on territoriality, privacy and personal space. In addition, the uses of noise masking and noise-absorbing materials have reduced the harmful effects of noise. Just as perception can increase harm, perception can also decrease harm.

ody

a. Population Density

"Population density" is the number of people residing in an area divided by the size of that area (National Geographic Society). Population…

Bibliography

Lebednik, Christine. "Types of Noise-Absorbing Materials." n.d. www.ehow.com Web site. Web. 6 July 2014.

Merriam-Webster, Inc. "Proxemics." 2014. www.merriam-webster.com Web site. Web. 6 July 2014.

National Geographic Society. "A Look at the Population Density of the United States." 2008.  http://education.nationalgeographic.com  Web site. Web. 6 Hykt 2014.

ProAudioSupport. "What is auditory masking?" 2014. www.proaudiosupport.com Web site. Web. 6 July 2014.

Airway Pressure on Cardiovascular Performance

HEART-LUNG CONNECTION

The Influence of Mean Airway Pressure on Cardiovascular Performance

reathing, also known as pulmonary ventilation, is the basic connection between the heart and lungs (Williams & Whitney, 2006). The connection allows air between the lungs and the atmosphere and the exchange of gases between the air and the alveoli in the lungs. ody receptors can detect changes involved in the movement of air and the pressure that accompanies it. These receptors can either increase or decrease breathing rate. They encourage slower breathing when blood pressure rises and faster breathing rate if the blood pressure goes down. Meanwhile, an exchange of gases between body tissues and capillaries is needed to maintain life. It brings in the gases living tissues need for survival. lood carries oxygen molecules when leaving the heart and distributes it throughout the body. Very small capillaries coordinate in the flow and…

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Byrd, R.P. And Mosenifar, Z. (2010). Mechanical ventilation. Medscape: WebLLC.

Retrieved on August 18, 2011 from  http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/304068-overview 

Daoud, E.G. (2007). Airway pressure release ventilation. Vol 2 (4) Annals of Thoracic

Medicine: Pub Med Central. Retrieved on August 12, 2011 from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732103

Airway Pressure

THE EFFECTS OF AIRWAY PRESSURE RELEASE VENTILATION AND HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATION VENTILATION ON THE HEART - SPECIFICALLY WHEN THE PATIENT HAS CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.

MECHANICAL VENTILATION

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

AIRWAY PRESSURE RELEASE VENTILATION (APRV)

APRV & CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATION VENTILATION (HFOV)

HFOV & CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

MECHANICAL VENTILATION

Mechanical Ventilation refers to the process of helping the normal breathing process of an individual when his breathing patterns are compromised due to either a pathology within the lung or due to a collective collapse of the related organs. Mechanical ventilation can be of two types: negative pressure ventilation where the air is made to suck into the lungs or positive ventilation where air is forced into the lungs through the airway. During the process of providing ventilation to the lungs it becomes important to "secure the airway" which means that the air should go through the…

Bibliography

Calzia E, R.P. (1997). Airway pressure release ventilation and biphasic positive airway pressure:a 10-year literature review. Clinical Intensive Care, 8:296-301.

Cartotto R, E.S. (2004). High frequency oscillatory ventilation in burn patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Burns, 30(5):453-463.

Dickstein K, C.-S. A. (2008). "ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Hear. Eur. Heart J., 29(19):2388-442.

dorland's medical dictionary . (2009).

The picture to the left depicts the various elements that are responsible for thermoregulation in human skin. The illustrations shows the various layers of skin along with the veins, arteries and capillaries of the circulatory system that assist in insuring that the thermoregulatory system works properly. The sweat glands are responsible for selectively removing materials from the blood the sweat glands then concentrates or alters these toxins, and secretes them for elimination from the body. The perspiration or sweat is then removed through the sweat pore. This has a twofold purpose: to remove toxins and thermoregulation (in this case cooling the body).

Thermoregulation involving perspiration is brought about by both internal and environmental heat and exercise. As it relates to the latter, there have been many studies related to exercise and thermoregulation. According to Marino (2004)

"thermoregulatory effector responses of humans and concluded that temperature regulation during exercise is dissimilar…

Works Cited

Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, Julius D. The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature. 1997;389:816-824.

Dugan SA, Powell LH, Kravitz HM, Everson Rose SA, Karavolos K, Luborsky J (2006)

Musculoskeletal pain and menopausal tatus. Clin J. Pain 22: 325 -- 331

Deecher, D.C.K. Dorries (2007)Understanding the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms

Meat has been considered to be a risk factor for the development of heart conditions due to its large concentration of saturated fats. This study also found there to be a significant relationship between the consumption of meats and the development of heart issues with the risk increasing as the amount of meat consumed increased. These findings did vary across types of meat with red meat being twice as likely to lead to an acute coronary syndrome as white meat.

eferences

Blisson, .M. (2010). Eat smart for a healthy heart. Agricultural esearch, 58(6), 12-14.

Bowden, J. (2010). Cholesterol: The real heart of the matter. Better Nutrition, 72(8), 36.

Eshak, E., Iso, H., Date, C., Kikuchi, S., Watanabe, Y., Wada, Y., Wakai, K., & Tamakoshi, A. (2010). Dietary Fiber Intake Is Associated with educed isk of Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease among Japanese Men and Women. The Journal of Nutrition, 140(8), 1445-1453.…

References

Blisson, R.M. (2010). Eat smart for a healthy heart. Agricultural Research, 58(6), 12-14.

Bowden, J. (2010). Cholesterol: The real heart of the matter. Better Nutrition, 72(8), 36.

Eshak, E., Iso, H., Date, C., Kikuchi, S., Watanabe, Y., Wada, Y., Wakai, K., & Tamakoshi, A. (2010). Dietary Fiber Intake Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease among Japanese Men and Women. The Journal of Nutrition, 140(8), 1445-1453.

Jenkins, D.A., Srichaikul, K., Wong, J.M., Kendell, C.W., Bashyam, B., Vidgen, E., Lamarche, B., Roa, A.V., Jones, P.J. Josse, R.G., Jackson, C.C., Ng, V., Leong, T., & Leiter, L.A. (2010). Supplemental barley protein and casein similarily affect serum lipids in hypercholesterolemia women and men. The Journal of Nutrition, 140(9), 1633-1637.

pressure? How respo

There was a time when I was under extreme duress to get to work on time. Although I can look back on the situation fondly now and apply the lessons learned, back then it could have had serious negative ramifications for my career. I had recently moved and was beginning a new nursing position. I was supposed to fly in on the Friday before I started the following Monday, but I missed the flight and had to catch the next one. By the time I arrived, I barely had a chance to get a full night's rest in my own bed, let alone plot the route from my new residence to my job. I remember feeling so pressured as I drove around the downtown streets which all looked alike since I had just moved. At the time, the last thing I wanted to do was start a…

Diagnose Patient

The author of this report has been asked to look at the vitals and other information for a patient. First off, the patient will enumerate all of the patient's medical issues, a man by the name of Mr. Go. Second, the issues that are identified will be mentioned including the medications that will be prescribed as well as the health teachings that would be prudent. Finally, there will be a listing of standards when it comes to managing care for this patient. While Mr. Go is not near death or anything, there are certainly some issues that need to be addressed.

Go is nearly six feet and is over 209 pounds. Any BMI that is over 18.5 is not normal. The man in question is nearly a BMI of 30. As such, the man is clearly overweight ... borderline obese. The question is just how many consequences have…

References

Mayo. (2016). Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 18 June 2016, from  http://www.mayoclinic.org/ 

WebMD. (2016). WebMD - Better information. Better health. WebMD. Retrieved 18 June 2016, from  http://webmd.com

Supplements for Athletes

ipped Fuel © is a weight loss supplement used widely by individuals who are trying to improve their physical and athletic performance (Brown). These capsules are utilized as a method of rapidly burning fat, while quickly gaining muscle; they are popular among athletes because of this. The supplements work in a way that allows the burning of fat -- which is the most difficult part of body shaping -- to occur in a rapid fashion. Desired results are achieved in a limited amount of time, therefore adding to the appeal of this supplement to young athletes who are just beginning their journey through sports and are essentially attempting to make themselves stand out from the hundreds of other athletes. However, the components of these supplements have been of great concern due to their potential undesired effects (Brown). Despite the glorious results that the particular coach at hand…

References:

Brown, E. (2011). What do ripped fuel capsules do? LIVESTRONG. Retrieved 22 April 2013 from  http://www.livestrong.com/article/401862-what-do-r  ipped-fuel-capsules-do/

OneResult. (2012). NCAA Legal and Illegal Supplements. ONERESULT: Look Like an Athlete. Retrieved 22 April 2013 from  http://www.oneresult.com/articles/supplements/ncaa  -legal-and-illegal-supplements

Nursing Case Study

The first concern is that Mrs. Baker is taking a new drug that has side effects such as she is experiencing. Although the other high blood pressure medication has similar side effects (Drugs.com, 2012), she has been taking it for a long period of time and should not be experiencing as much difficulty. It seems germane to ask her how long she has been taking the hydrochlorothiazide though. One of the first thoughts is how well do the two medications work together, which is something her doctor understands, and if she can have an increase in side effects because of the increase in medication. The second question the symptoms, especially the fact that she seemed "confused and beside herself" on the phone, is to determine if there are other symptoms of stroke. Her breathing difficulties could be a symptom of the medication, and so could the confusion,…

References

Drugs.Com. (2012). The side effect of Lisinopril. Retrieved from  http://www.drugs.com/sfx/lisinopril-side-effects.html

Organic sugar is also brown in color, as some of the molasses properties remain. Thus, organic sugar is healthier for a person, yet just as inorganic sugars, the risks may outweigh the benefits if one eats too much sugar.

Information taken from: "What Is Organic Sugar Cane?" WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .

5. Corn Syrup Solids and High Fructose Corn Syrup:

The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) puts both corn syrup solids and high fructose corn syrup on its cut back list, which means that this agency believes that these elements are not very healthy for the public, if consumed in large quantities. Though extracted from corn, the risks associated with these two food additives outweigh the benefits, and the greatest risk is weight gain and the problems that come with it or its extremes, such as obesity. Thus, though corn…

CT scan or MA may result in the clinician oversight of some of the more subtle findings. It is expensive and the availability is limited.

It is possible to evaluate AS via angiogram, bet evaluation of the size of the stenosis tends to be imprecise. Additionally, angiography does not allow a cross-sectional assessment of the stenosis, and in the case of FMD, it is not possible to distinguish the different histological types, although intervention at the time of assessment is a possibility. Doppler sonography is able to measure the amount of blood flow, and is non-invasive. It tends to be highly invasive and is able to demonstrate problems with slow patterns and other issues which are highly suggestive of significant stenosis. Doppler ultrasound tends to be very operator dependent and the exam takes a significant amount of time. Additionally, the exam may be limited by abdominal girth, patient movement and…

Reference:

1. Paven G; Waugh R; Nicholson J; Gillin a; Hennessy a Nephrology (Carlton). 2006; 11(1):68-72

2. Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research (AHRQ)

Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Renal Artery Stenosis: AHRQ Executive Summary,), Rockville, Maryland;  http://hcup.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.asp 

3. Dejani H, Eisen TD, Finkelstein FO: Revascularization of renal artery stenosis in patients with renal insufficiency. Am J. Kidney Dis 2000 Oct; 36(4): 752

The authors recommend that the patient, a women of 35 years, should drink no more than 14 units (where one unite is half a pint of beer or two thirds of a small glass of wine) of alcohol per week or three units in a given day. Ideally, 1-2 units per day are recommended. While the patient does not drink during the week, she does tend to drink somewhat excessively over weekends. Her goal is to reduce her alcohol intake gradually towards only one or two units per day on weekends, while maintaining her non-drinking habit during the week. To reach this goal, the patient has enlisted the help of her friends. pecifically, she will reduce her exposure to alcohol by at first reducing her times at pubs and parties. he has asked her friends to help her by holding parties at their homes or in restaurants rather than in…

Sources

Connection-Fitness (2007). Benefits of Exercise.  http://www.connection-fitness.co.uk/health-fitness/health/benefits-exercise.aspx 

Delahanty, Linda M. & McCulloch, David K. (2008, June 13). Patient Information: Type 1 diabetes and diet. Up to Date.  http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~P8PrVHkHijO4w 

Henderson, Roger. (2008). Exercise, heart disease and high blood pressure. NetDoctor.  http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/heartdisease/exercise.htm 

Kenny, Tim & Kenny, Beverley. (2008). High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). EMIS&PIP.  http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/23068761

Treatments

EST TREATMENTS

Constipation, Hypertension, Seizure

Constipation

This is the infrequent or difficult bowel evacuation (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012). While there are no strict standard for bowel elimination, it is generally believed that fewer than thrice a week constitutes constipation. Stools are usually hard and dry. Other common symptoms associated constipation include excessive straining during bowel evacuation, a sense of rectal blockage, a sense of incomplete evacuation and the need to perform manual measures to evacuate the bowels. Constipation may be the consequence of insufficient fluid intake or dehydration, inadequate fiber in the diet, foregoing elimination, irritable bowel syndrome, lack of physical activity, illness, abuse of laxatives and certain medical conditions. Those more likely to develop constipation are older adults, those who are sedentary, confined in bed, dehydrated, on low-fiber diet, on certain medications and undergoing chemotherapy. It is more common in women and children. Causes for alarm include fewer…

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Makoff, D. (2012). High blood pressure. MedicineNet: MedicineNet.com. Retrieved on March 7, 2012 from  http://www.medicinenet.com/high_blood_pressure/page 

Mayo Clinic Staff (2012). Constipation. Mayo Clinic: Mayo Foundation for Medical

Education and Research. Retrieved on March 7, 2012 from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/constipation.DS0063/METHOD=print&DSECTION=all 

PubMed Health (2011). Seizures. ADAM Medical Encyclopedia: ADAM, Inc. Retrieved

Pharmaceutical industries have to operate in an environment that is highly competitive and subject to a wide variety of internal and external constraints. In recent times, there has been an increasing trend to reduce the cost of operation while competing with other companies that manufacture products that treat similar afflictions and ailments. The complexities in drug research and development and regulations have created an industry that is subject to intense pressure to perform. The amount of capital investment investments required to get a drug from conception, through clinical trials and into the market is enormous. The already high-strung pharmaceutical industry is increasingly investing greater amounts of resources in search of the next "blockbuster" drug that can help them gain market position and profits. Laws, regulations and patents are important to the industry while spending billions of dollars in ensuring the copyright of their products.

It is the intention of this…

Bibliography

Ansoff, H.I. (1957). Strategies for diversification. Harvard Business Review, 35(5), 113-124.

Ansoff, H.I. (1965). Corporate Strategy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Ashour, M.F., Obeidat, O., Barakat, H., & Tamimi, A. (2004). UAE Begins Examination of Patent Applications. Tamino.com. Retrieved January 18, 2004, from the World Wide Web:  http://www.tamimi.com/lawupdate/2001-01/intprop.htm 

Bain, J.S. (1954). Economies of scale, concentration, and the condition of entry in twenty manufacturing industries. American Economic Review, 44, 15-36.

Jerry McCall Dr. Williams Office Assistant

Licensed Practical Nurses and Medical Assistants: Legal and Ethical Implications

According to recent reports from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, medical assistants and licensed practical nurses (LPN) are two of the fastest growing jobs in the country (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). In an effort to save costs, the demand for these professionals is increasing in both in-hospital and outpatient settings. The licenses and registrations, however, remain unstandardized; while LPNs are required to receive a license, some medical assistants receive a one or two-year degree and still others are only trained on the job. The responsibilities and restrictions of the profession are likewise only loosely regulated and vary between states. This has both ethical and legal implications for patient care. The following case scenario illustrates these ramifications and discusses the appropriate course of action for medical assistants working in a clinical setting.

The…

References:

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Medical Assistants, on the Internet at  http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos164.htm  (visited October 17, 2011).

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses, on the Internet at  http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos102.htm  (visited October 17, 2011).

Couch, C., Minchella, K., Walker, R., Watson N. Occupational Analysis of the CMA (AAMA). (2008). American Association of Medical Assistants, 2007-2008. Available from  http://www.aama-ntl.org/resources/library/OA.pdf .

Ferrell, C.W., Aspy, C.B., Mold, J.W. (2006). Management of Prescription Refills in Primary Care: An Oklahoma Physicians Resource/Research Network (OKPRN) Study. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 19, 1, 31-38.

Sample Questionnaire:

The Topic Company: DN.

Interviewed:

Questionnaire:

1) Does the organization treat management and leadership as one in the same? YES or NO

2) Does the organization rely heavily on employee training and development? YES or NO

3) Does the program use employee feedback at the lowest levels in its overall decision making process? YES or NO

4) Do you believe all stakeholders are aware of the organizations goals and objectives and are willing to work towards the achievement of those goals? YES or NO

5) in your opinion is the organization structured in a way that inhibits innovation? YES or NO

6) Are there any other aspects that you believe should be improved within the organization? If so, how?

eferences:

1) Bulmer, M. And Warwick, D. (1993). Social research in developing countries: surveys and censuses in the Third World. London: outledge.

2) Ebbutt, D. (1998). Evaluation of projects…

References:

1) Bulmer, M. And Warwick, D. (1993). Social research in developing countries: surveys and censuses in the Third World. London: Routledge.

2) Ebbutt, D. (1998). Evaluation of projects in the developing world: some cultural and methodological issues. International Journal of Educational Development, 18, pp. 415-424.

3) Potter, C. (2006). Program Evaluation. In M. Terre Blanche, K. Durrheim & D. Painter (Eds.), Research in practice: Applied methods for the social sciences (2nd ed.) (pp. 410-428). Cape Town: UCT Press.

4) Potter, C. (2006). "Psychology and the art of program evaluation." South African journal of psychology 36 (1):

Australian Tax on Wine

usiness Submission - Australian Tax on Wine

With the Australian government seeking to impose additional taxation upon the use and sale of wine, there have been many outcries of indignation arguing how this would affect the Australian wine industry, and eventually the Australian economy. However, what needs to be considered are the consequences and the public cost of continuing with the discounted taxation to which wine makers in Australia are currently subjected to. The effect on the Australian GDP needs to be taken in to account with the harms that alcoholism in the increasingly youth population is set to unleash, if made available readily and at subsidized prices.

The risks and problems that have arose from the increased alcohol consumption by the Australian public in recent years, especially the young generation, point towards a possible increase in the health deterioration of most Australians while also impacting…

Bibliography

ABS. (2013, February 22). Australian Wine and Grape Industry, 2011-12. Retrieved from Australian Bureau of Statistics:  http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/1329.0 

Anderson, K. (2010, May). Reforming taxes on wine and other alcoholic beverage consumption. Wine Economics Research Centre Working Paper No. 0810 . Australia: University of Adelaide.

Andrews, T. (2013). Stop the wine Supertax! Retrieved from Australian Taxpayers' Alliance: https://www.taxpayers.org.au/nowinesupertax/

Government, A. (2011). Australian National Preventive Health Agency. Retrieved from australia.gov.au:  http://australia.gov.au/directories/australia/anpha

Doctors use a fasting plasma glucose test to confirm a diagnosis of type-two diabetes. A patient must fast for 8 hours prior to giving a blood sample (http://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/diagnosing-type-2-diabetes). If it is determine that the patient has diabetes, the doctor will prescribe diet management and exercise. In some cases, insulin shots or pills may also be prescribed.

Unlike type-one diabetes, type-two develops because of lifestyle choices. If you are overweight and get little or no exercise, you have a greater chance of developing type-two diabetes. Other un-controllable factors known to contribute to type-two diabetes include: family history, age, race, ethnicity and a low body weight at birth (https://members.kaiserpermanente.org/kpweb/healthency.do?hwid=hw135189&sectionId=ur1000&contextId=hw135189).

COMPLICATIONS AND EFFECTS OF DIABETES

There are many long-term health issues are associated with diabetes. If a patient fails to be diagnosis or a patient does not maintain their insulin schedule, complications may occur. Diabetics have a higher likelihood of developing eye problems…

References

Websites:

www.webmd.com www.diabetes.org www.kaiserpermanente.org

Articles:

Bakalar, N. "Diabetes: A state-by-State Breakdown," New York Times, October 12, 2009.

Biology -- Patient Scenario

What are the components of physical examination? Describe each component.

Physical examination consists of 5 basic components after obtaining a patient's description of the history of his/her systems. First, the provider observes the patient for physical signs of disease and evaluates such factors as mobility, posture, facial expression, alertness, responsiveness to stimuli and changes in skin color (Jarvis, 2011, pp. 33, 127-9). Secondly, one must take a patient's vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature, and compare the patient's results with the reference ranges (Jarvis, 2011, pp. 136-150). Third, one must perform auscultation, using a stethoscope to listen to the patient's lungs, heart and bowel (Jarvis, 2011, p. 118). Fourth, one performs percussion by tapping on the patient's chest and abdomen to listen for sounds indicating normal conditions, fluid, excess air, size of the lungs and size of the affected area (Jarvis,…

Reference values) for each laboratory tests in the table above from the second set of tests.

The second round of Mr. Smith's tests, when compared with the normal ranges, indicate that: his blood potassium level is below the normal range; his

Health Promotion Lesson Plan

The concept of health promotion is thought of as "the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health" (Dunphy et al., 2011, p 25). Serious heart conditions can be prevented, which is why it is so important to utilize community education techniques in order to help try to warn community members of the complications before they occur. This current lesson plan works to create three separate community lesson plans, based on specific age ranges. The age 18-29 focuses primarily on the use of social media and health advocacy efforts in association with the American Heart Association. For ages 30-49, there is also a focus on these two, combined with more community oriented issues, and for 50-60, there is much more of a focus on financial training along with community organized workshops.

Prevention has become a major issue…

References McLeod, Saul. (2010). Erik Erikson. Developmental Psychology. Simply Psychology. Web.  http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html

"Participants were instructed to drink no more than 3 caffeinated beverages and no more than 2 alcoholic beverages per day" (pg. 2457).

Two features from this study that stand out when compared to the previous study (as read about earlier) was that this study sought to keep the participants weight relatively stable and that the participants were not obese and old, but were young and healthy. The goal of this study was measurably the same as the pervious study, but was set in entirely different circumstances. This is important to individuals seeking entry to the nursing field because it provides ammunition for lifestyle interventions even before the patient may think it is necessary.

The study's primary interest was to ascertain "the contrasts between the carbohydrate and protein diets and between the carbohydrate and unsaturated fat diets" (pg. 2459). What the study found was that for each diet (when compared to…

References

Appel, L.J.; Sacks, F.M.; Carey, V.J.; Obrazanek, E.; Swain, J.F.; Miller III, E.R.; Conlin, P.R.; Erlinger, T.P., Rosner, B.A., Laranjo, N.M.; Charleston, J.; McCarron, P.; Bishop, L.M.; (2005) Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: Results of the OmniHeart randomized trial, Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 294, No. 19, pp. 2455-2464

Trichopoulou, A.; Bamia, C.; Trichopoulos, D.; (2005) Mediterranean diet and survival among patients with coronary heart disease in Greece, Architecture of Internal Medicine, Vol. 165, pp. 929-935

Villareal, D.T.; Miller III, B.V.; Banks, M.; Fontana, L.; Sinacore, D.R.; Klein, S.; (2006) Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolic coronary heart disease risk factors in obese older adults, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 84, pp. 1317-1323

Expressive functioning is related to communication such as emotional, verbal, and nonverbal communication, problem solving and roles within the family. Beliefs within the family are also a part of expressive functioning.

For the purpose of the Calgary Family Assessment Model, a family is defined as who they say they are. It is very important that the clinician performing the assessment not assign their own beliefs upon what he or she believes a family is, and take into account what the patient feels about family as to the patient is may mean not only the people who actually live within the household but can also address past, present and future emotional attachments.

Calgary Family Intervention Model:

The immediate family is composed of Mr. Herbert Schelley (the patient), Mrs. Annette Schelley (his wife), and their son Thomas Schelley. The extended family consists of the Schelley's two married daughters, their husbands and their…

Reference:

Brownwald H. ed. (2003) Harrison's Textbook of Internal Medicine, 15th edition,

McGraw-Hill, New York

Clement S. (2004) Guidelines for glycemic control. Clin Cornerstone. 6(2):31-9

Echeverry D.M., Dike M.R., Washington C., Davidson M.B.. (1995). The impact of using a low-literacy patient education tool on process measures of diabetes care in a minority population J. Natl Med Assoc. (11):1074-81

Multisystem Failure in a Geriatric Patient

Multisystem Failure in a Geriatric

eflect on your analysis of the geriatric patient in multisystem failure by doing the following:

Explain key immediate assessments you should make that would help assess the patient's homeostasis, oxygenation, and level of pain.

There are various diagnoses undertaken in assessing the patient's homeostasis, oxygenation, and level of pain. The immediate objective that nurses prioritize on is checking the patient's vital symptoms. Vital symptoms form the baseline of the assessment by providing significant information that illustrates whether the most essential organs function as required.

The assessment may involve checking the health status of the patient in the laboratory (Kane, 2004). In the laboratory, there is an assessment of the patient's capillary tube, urine test and blood pressure. When there is simultaneous malfunctioning of the body organs, nurses refer to this condition as multiple organ dysfunction (MODs).

Multiple organ dysfunction…

References

Esteban, A., Anzueto, A., Frutos-Vivar, F., Alia, I., Ely, E.W., Brochard, L., et al. (2004).

Outcome of older patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care

Medicine, 30(4), 639 -- 646. Evidence Level IV: Nonexperimental Study.

Happ, M.B., Baumann, B.M., Sawicki, J., Tate, J.A., George, E.L., & Barnato, A.E. (2010).

controversy and disagreement have plagued the world of medical ethics, especially in terms of "dying with dignity." However, as physicians, we need to recognize that a patient needs dignity not only at the end of his or her life, but also during life, when being examined by a physician for particular complaints (Dresser, 2008). So, in the case of Mr. Hodor, I will have to take into account several aspects of his experience of dignity. First, he is very concerned about his health risks as a result of his family history. According to Dresser (2008), this fear needs to be addressed with as much understanding as possible. I will therefore begin the session by communicating with him about his fears and his reasons for these, as well as his concerns about his symptoms.

Patient privacy is part and parcel of ensuring dignity for the patient. Again, by communicating with Mr.…

References

AMA. (2013). Code of Medical Ethics. Retrieved from:  http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/ 

Baba, R., Koketsu, M., Nagashima, M., Inasaka, H., Yoshinaga, M., and Yokota, M. (2007, May). Adolescent obesity adversely affects blood pressure and resting heart rate. Circulation Journal, 71(5). Retrieved from:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17456998 

Dresser, R. (2008, March). Human Dignity and the Practice of Medicine. From: Human Dignity and Bioethics: Essays Commissioned by the President's Council on Bioethics. Retrieved from:  http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/pcbe/reports/human_dignity/chapter19.html 

Thompson, E.G., and Kloner, R.A. (2011, Apr. 5). Physical exam for High Blood Pressure. Web MD. Retrieved from:  http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/physical-exam-for-high-blood-pressure

Carl must be psychologically prepared to make such changes, however. Thus, as well as taking Carl's blood pressure and submitting a blood sample to have his cholesterol screened (getting his blood glucose level assessed, even though there were no problems in the past with this reading might also be wise), the nurse should try to obtain a full assessment of Carl's lifestyle. When and what does he eat? What are his work habits? His sleep habits? Has anything changed recently in his life? All of these factors could make a potentially meaningful impact upon both the test results and the eventual prescription for Carl to improve his health.

Carl is still very young to run the risk of having a heart attack: the risk of having a heart attack increases dramatically after age 65) so engaging in positive changes now is wise and prudent (Heart health screening, 2013, AHA). It…

References

Drug therapy for cholesterol. (2013). AHA. Retrieved:

 http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/PreventionTreatmentofHighCholesterol/Drug-Therapy-for-Cholesterol_UCM_305632_Article.jsp 

Heart health screening. (2013). AHA. Retrieved:

 http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Heart-Health-Screenings_UCM_428687_Article.jsp

IV. TESTING ON HUMANS

The only thing that is lacking at this point according to all reports is for testing on humans to be completed. The Time Asia articles states: "The last step for the ace-2 inhibitor, as for any drug, is human clinical trials. ecause the U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires such rigorous testing, this is by far the most expensive part of drug development. So for human trials in some cases, Millennium has formed partnerships with large pharmaceutical companies that have the necessary resources and will share in any eventual profits." (2001)

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

According to the work entitled: "rave New Pharmacy" published in Time Asia (2001) "When the human genome was sequenced...scientists finally gained access to the full text of God's reference manual; the 3 billion biochemical 'letters' that spell out our tens of thousands of genes. These genes, strung out along the 46 chromosomes…

Bibliography

Drug Design in the Fast Lane: Speeding Drug Design (nd)

 http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=zh-CN&u=http://www.roboo.com/anna/zyhy9.htm&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=2&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DACE-2%2Binhibitor%2Band%2Bgenetic%2Bcompatibility%2Bwith%2Bdrugs%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D .

Elmer-Dewitt, Phillip (2001) The Future of Drugs. Time Asia 22 January 2001 Vol. 57, No. 3 Online available at  http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2001/0122/cover1.html .

Lemonick, Michael, D. (2001) Brave New Pharmacy - Time Asia 22 Jan 2001 Vol. 157. No. 3 Online available at  http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2001/0122/drug.impact.html

Diabetes and Obesity: What Are the Choices?

Diabetes is becoming an increasingly serious health problem across the United States, and indeed across the world. The majority of cases of diabetes, both in terms of new diagnoses and of current cases, are those of Type II diabetes, which is a condition generally brought on by overweight or obesity and lack of exercise, that prevents an individual's body from being able to metabolize the glucose in food in an efficient and healthy way. Individuals with Type II diabetes (as opposed to individuals with Type I diabetes) can generally be quite successfully treated by losing weight and increasing exercise. Individuals with Type II diabetes can often bring their symptoms and risks under control and even potentially eliminate them through good diet and weight loss.

Given that Type II diabetes can have very serious long-term consequences (including early death due to stroke or heart…

References

Early Release / Vol. 59 August 3, 2010. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm59e0803.pdf.

Laska, M.N. et al. (2009). Latent class analysis of lifestyle characteristics and health risk behaviors among college youth. Prevention Science 10: 376 -- 386.

Laska, M.N. et al. (2011). The Differential Prevalence of Obesity and Related Behaviors in Two- vs. Four-Year Colleges Obesity 19: 453 -- 456.

Nelson, M.C. et al. (2008). Emerging adulthood and college-aged youth: an overlooked age for weight-related behavior change. Obesity 16: 2205 -- 2211.

Risk Factors for Mr. Jablonski

CHD: Mr. J is a classic case for a potential Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) patient. His history shows several risk factors, which can be divided into uncontrollable and controllable risk factors. The uncontrollable factors are his age (48 years old) -- older people are more susceptible to CHD, his sex (male) -- men are more likely to get CHD, and his family history. The controllable risk factors are his obesity, his smoking habit, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, and his high LDL cholesterol.

Hypertension: The risk factors for Mr. J are his age, gender, obesity, excessive salt intake, and his inactive lifestyle.

The risk factors described as 'controllable' can be mitigated by dietary control and medication. If his condition remains untreated Mr. J is a potential candidate for a severe heart disease and possible stroke.

Dietary Plan

In order to lower his high…

Chi-Square, T-Test and Correlation

esearch Methods in Psychology a (HPS201/HPS771)

Crosstabs and Chi-Square

Scenario

Some researchers have suggested that there are two main types of personality: Type A and Type B. Individuals with Type A personality are characterized as being conscientious and competitive. They strongly desire success and typically present with higher levels of stress. Conversely, individuals with Type B personality are typically less stressed and tend to be more laconic, relaxed and less concerned with competition.

Due to the higher levels of stress experienced by those with Type A personality, health insurance risk evaluators are interested in knowing whether individuals with Type A personality are at greater risk of having a heart attack.

You are hired as a researcher to investigate this research question. You take a random sample of 40 individuals aged between 40 and 60 years and assess their personality to determine whether they possess a Type…

References

Emory.edu. (n.d.). One-Sample t-Test. Retrieved from emory.edu:  http://psychology.emory.edu/clinical/bliwise/Tutorials/TOM/meanstests/tone.htm 

MacLeod, S. (2011). Type A Personality. Retrieved from Simplypsychology.org:  http://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-a.html

Currid, T. (2008).Experience of stress in acute mental health nurses.Nursing Times, 104 (2), pp.39-40.

The author talks about how the stress in acute mental health nursing needs instant attention and further elaborates that with statistics. As per the results of a recent survey conducted by Nursing Times, 70% of nurses are suffering from work related stress which has affected their physical or mental health problems. From acute mental health units in London, eight individuals belonging to grading levels were interviewed. The results showed that the management didn't pay attention to them and their professional opinions were being ignored. Along with ignorance, they were not allowed to use the skills they had. Thus, here Currid basically uses a real world example in which a nurse is subjected to mental stress. Their tasks included more of filling out the paper work and performing administrative duties. In the entire paper, the identified causes…

References

Currid, T. (2008).Experience of stress in acute mental health nurses. Nursing Times, 104 (2), pp.39-40.

Finn, P. (1981). The effects of shift work on the lives of Employees. Monthly Labor Review, pp.31-35.

Hypertension.(2002). In Natural Medicine Instructions for Patients. Retrieved from  http://www.credoreference.com/entry/nmifp/hypertension 

Managing Stress. (2009). In Business: The Ultimate Resource. Retrieved from  http://www.credoreference.com/entry/ultimatebusiness/managing_stress

Stroke is widely regarded one of the leading causes of deaths in the U.S. Indeed, recent statistical figures paint a grim picture with regard to the number of people who suffer a stroke in the U.S. each year. In basic terms, strokes are triggered by an interruption of blood flow into the brain. In this text, I concern myself with the physiological processes associated with stroke. In so doing, I will amongst other things define the disease and the body systems it affects, its causes, manifestation, and complications. Further, I will also discuss the hereditary or familial factors commonly associated with stroke.

Stroke: An Overview

In basic terms, stroke is said to be "an abrupt onset of neurological functions caused by a sudden reduction of cerebral blood flow, which is due in turn to either an ischemic occlusion or a hemorrhagic episode" (Gulini, Gianelli, Quaglia, and Marrucci, 2000, p. 239).…

References

Eisenberg, M.G., Glueckauf, R.L. & Zaretsky, H.H. (Eds.). (1999). Medical Aspects of Disability: A Handbook for the Rehabilitation Professional (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

Gulini, M., Gianelli, M., Quaglia, W. & Marrucci, G. (Eds.). (2000). Receptor Chemistry Towards the Third Millennium. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

Huether, S.E. & Mccance, K. (2012). Understanding Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Science.

Mohr, J.P., Grotta, J.C., Wolf, P.A., Maskowitz, M.A., Mayberg, M.R. And Kummer, R.V. (2011). Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Mrs. X.

elationship of high cholesterol levels to the development of cardiovascular disease

Diabetes, heart disease, and high cholesterol are all strongly correlated. Even when diabetes is being well-managed, the patient's risks factors increase for comorbidity with these disorders. "High blood pressure has long been recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies report a positive association between hypertension and insulin resistance. When patients have both hypertension and diabetes, which is a common combination, their risk for cardiovascular disease doubles" (Cardiovascular disease and diabetes, 2014, AHA). Also, in the case of Ms. X, because of her uncontrolled diabetes, her risk for high cholesterol is higher than average even in the absence of obesity and inactivity. "This triad of poor lipid counts often occurs in patients with premature coronary heart disease. It is also characteristic of a lipid disorder associated with insulin resistance called atherogenic dyslipidemia, or diabetic dyslipidemia…

References

Burden, M. (2003). Diabetes: Treatment and complications. Nursing Times, 99(2) 30/

Retrieved from:

 http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/diabetes/diabetes-treatment-and-complications-the-nurses-role/205780.article 

Cardiovascular disease and diabetes. (2012). American Heart Association. Retrieved from:

Aortic dissection is a disease of the wall of the aorta in which the aortic blood bursts into the muscular layer of the great artery, thus forming a blood filled channel along the planes of the muscularis layer. This false lumen can re-rupture back into the true lumen, through a second distal intimal tear, creating a biluminal or double barrelled aorta. Due to weakened walls, there is threat of rupture into the surrounding tissue with fatal consequences. (Boon, , Colledge, Walker, & Hunter, 2010)

The pathophysiology behind the condition is often a spontaneous or iatrogenic tear in the intima. However, in about five to ten percent of patients, these tears are absent. An intimal tear can occur anywhere along the aorta, although a vast majority of tears are found within ten centimeters of the aortic valve. The dissection may extend towards the heart, affecting the coronary arteries, or it may…

REFERENCES:

Duranki. (n.d.). Type an aortic dissection - the silent killer. Retrieved from  http://duranki.hubpages.com/hub/Beware-High-Blood-Pressure-It-will-Kill-You  -- You-Wont-See-It-Coming

Erbel, R., Alfonso, F., Boileau, C., & Dirsch, O. (2001). Diagnosis and management of aortic dissection*.European Heart Journal, 22(18), 1642-1681. Retrieved from  http://www.escardio.org/guidelines-surveys/esc-guidelines/GuidelinesDocuments/guidelines-aortic-dissection-FT.pdf 

Multum, C. (2012, Feburary 12). Morphine injection. Retrieved from  http://www.drugs.com/pro/morphine-injection.html 

Nicholas A. Boon, Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, John A.A. Hunter.(2010). Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine . India, Elsevier.

Direct to Consumer Advertising

HISTRY F DRUG ADVERTISING

THE DTC ADVERTISING PHENMENN

CREATING DEMAND

DECEPTIVE ADVERTISING - A WLF IN SHEEP'S CLTHING

CAUSE F DEATH

PRFIT

UTILIZATIN, PRICING, AND DEMGRAPHICS

LEGISLATIN, PLITICS AND PATENTS

LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES REGARDING DTC

RECALLED and/or DEADLY DRUGS

In order to provide the most efficient method of evaluation, the study will utilize existing stores of qualitative and quantitative data from reliable sources, such as U.S. Government statistical references, University studies, and the studies and publications of non-profit and consumer oriented organizations. Every attempt will be made to avoid sources of information sponsored by or directly influenced by the pharmaceutical industry.

Existing data regarding the history, levels, content and growth of direct-to-consumer advertising will be examined. In addition, the industry's composition prior to and after the proliferation of direct-to-consumer advertising will be examined, with regard to market share, type of substances sold, benefits of substances sold, and…

On January 9, 2002, Dr. Darlene Jody, Vice President of Medical Marketing for Bristol-Myers Squibb, issued a manufacturer's "Important Drug Warning Including Black Box Information." The Important Drug Warning advises healthcare practitioners that "cases of life-threatening hepatic failure have been reported in patients treated with SERZONE." The manufacturer's Warning indicates that numerous persons have or will suffer liver failure, death or transplantation. The manufacturer's Warning also indicates that the current estimate of the rate of liver failure associated with Serzone use is "about 3-4 times the estimated background rate of liver failure." A new Warning is being added to the Serzone prescribing information, advising that "patients should be advised to be alert for signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction (jaundice, anorexia, gastrointestinal complaints, malaise, etc.) and to report them to their doctor immediately if they occur." According to Warnings, Serzone should be promptly discontinued if signs or symptoms suggest liver failure.

Vioxx belongs to a class of drugs known as COX-2 inhibitors. When the drugs were introduced a few years ago, COX-2 inhibitors were thought to be safer and more effective than other drugs such as Aspirin and Ibuprofen. However, several studies have questioned the cardiovascular safety of Vioxx. Studies indicate that people taking Vioxx have four times the risk of a heart attack.

In May 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a Talk Paper about new label warnings for the popular arthritis and pain drug know as Vioxx (rofecoxib). The new label warnings are based on the results of the Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research (VIGOR). According to the FDA, recent studies demonstrate that Vioxx is associated with a higher rate of serious cardiovascular thromboembolic adverse events (such as heart attacks, angina pectoris, and peripheral vascular events). Based on the recent study, the FDA agreed with the Arthritis Advisory Committee recommendations February 8, 2001 that the label for Vioxx include gastrointestinal and cardiovascular warning information. Serious side effects attributed to Vioxx are heart attacks, seizures, strokes, or liver/kidney problems.  http://www.recalleddrugs.com

Health Letter to Friend

Hormone problems. Who can't relate to those these days? People talk a lot about symptoms like high blood pressure, emotional ups and down, obesity, all of which might well be related to serious medical concerns that come with our age, or that might be caused by stress or junk food!

Which means you are right to have questions and a bit of anxiety. Some hormone conditions (minor or severe) need attention because they tell us how well the endocrine system is in balance -- and it's the endocrine system that influences how the body works and how different parts of our system function together. So the balance is important.

But hormone imbalances can vary a lot, and it takes information to figure out what's wrong. Diabetes (or being overweight), reproduction problems, infertility, thyroid conditions, high blood pressure, poor cholesterol levels and even lipids (not putting on…

REFERENCES:

Kemp, S., Chausmer, A.B., and Talavera, F., (2011) emedicineHealth, Anatomy of the Endocrine System. Retrieved on October 15, 2011 from  http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of_the_endocrine_system/article_em.htm .

Creative Exercise

have to go soon to the nutritionist. feel really sick and tired. know it sounds cliche but really don't feel good anymore. used to just get such a high feeling when binged and purged you know? But also know need help. Do you know embarrassing it is to have to go up to one of the receptionists, tell them my name, and the reason for my visit? especially hate when they have to take my blood pressure and weigh me.

My blood pressure is always high because take stimulants. 'll go crazy if see the scale go past 105 lbs. My goal is to be under 103 lbs. 'm so close. Maybe shouldn't tell them about the jars. Those jars are the only thing that keep me sane. They hide my secret. Should even let them know? They'll just look at me like 'm a burning ant under…

I'll put hospitalization, 12/23/2013, one week, at Sinai Hospital; reason, depression. Father and mother medical history…well my mom has high blood pressure and suffer from anxiety. My dad had diabetes type 1 and died from a heart attack. He always ate a ton of junk food. My aunt has arthritis in her left knee.

I guess that should be enough. I put the address of the pharmacy I collect my medication. I even the emergency contacts and read all the privacy and patient rights forms. I signed everything. Now I just have to go back to the front desk and hand it all in. Great…now I have to wait 30 minutes for the doctor to come. Is she even a doctor? I'm not sure if nutritionists are practicing doctors. Oh well, the nurse just called for my vitals.

Not bad suppose, 120/80. That's a surprise to me. I never have normal blood pressure. I did wait two days to take any caffeine pills. That's odd, they're asking me if I had any sex lately. No…I never had sex with anyone, I'm a virgin. That's private anyway. It doesn't matter, a bunch of yes and no's and I'm done.

3. Growth factors can induce apoptosis by binding to their respective receptors (TKs). When activated, TKs in turn activate the as, af, MEK, MAPK, MKK, EK, Fos, JNKs, and Jun pathway, which can lead to the induction of AF via gene upregulation. AF in turn suppresses mdm2, a suppressor of p53 activity. The resulting increase in p53 activity can induce Bax, Mt, and thus apoptosis.

4. Adenomatous familial polyposis is caused by a truncated APC protein, which results from inherited mutations in the APC gene (Segditsas and Tomlinson, 2006). However, the activity of the wild-type or normal APC allele is usually sufficient to maintain tumor suppressor activity. For this reason, and because the wild-type allele is often found to have acquired somatic mutations, it is assumed that both alleles must be mutated before tumors can form. The vast majority of mutations found in colorectal tumors have retained 0 to 3…

References

Libby, Peter, Ridker, Paul M., and Hansson, Goran K. (2011). Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis. Nature, 473, 317-325.

Segditsas, S. And Tomlinson, I. (2006). Colorectal cancer and genetic alterations in the Wnt pathway. Oncogene, 25, 7531-7537.

Minde, David P., Anvarian, Zeinab, Rudiger, Stefan G.D., and Maurice, Madelon M. (2011). Messing up disorder: How do missense mutations in the tumor suppressor protein APC lead to cancer? Molecular Cancer, 10, 1-9.

This is achieved through the increase of metabolic rates and lean body mass while eliminating excess fat and burning calories. hile the required amount of physical activity differs based on the caloric intake and body type, sports can assist an individual to maintain a healthy weight. For people who want to maintain a huge amount of weight loss, high-intensity sports can be the best option while reasonably-intensive physical activity helps in realizing weight stability.

ell-being of Muscles and Bones:

As previously mentioned, bone and muscle injuries are some of the most common health-related risks in sports participation. However, as an individual grows older, there is need for maintenance of the well-being of muscles and bones for proper body functioning. hen an individual takes into consideration the necessary precaution measures, sports and physical activity becomes increasingly for muscles, bones, and joints health. Participation in sports provides people with the required elements…

Works Cited:

Bahr, Roald, and Lars Engebretsen. Sports Injury Prevention. Vol. 17. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Print.

Chambers, Abigail E.L., and Grant Cooper. "The Role of Sports and Activity in Osteoarthritis." Arthritis MD - Trusted Arthritis MD - Arthritis Information from Doctors Who Care. Arthritis MD. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. .

Cohen, Bradley. "How Does Playing Sports Affect Your Health?" LIVESTRONG.COM - The Limitless Potential of You. Demand Media, Inc., 30 Mar. 2011. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. .

Gotlin, Robert S. Sports Injuries Guidebook. Illustrated ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Print.

Chronic Liver Disease

With a number of functions -- including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of chemicals that are necessary for digestion -- the human liver is vital.

It is reddish brown and has four unequal sized lobes; usually weighs about 3.5 pounds and is the largest gland in the human body. It is located just below the diaphragm in the body's right upper abdominal quadrant.

The liver plays a major role in the body's metabolic processes as well -- glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, some hormone production.

The liver produces bile -- which is an alkaline compound that helps in digestion by changing fat (lipid) molecules to a more digestible format.

The liver's detoxification and synthesis of micronutrients are vital -- short-term liver dialysis is possible, but a person cannot exist without a functioning liver (Virtual Liver, 2008).

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Cirrhosis is the result…

REFERENCES

Nutrition and Cirrhosis. (2010). HepCNet. Retrieved from:

Greenlee, H., et.al. (2007). "Clinical Applications of Silybum Marianum." Integrative

Cancer Therapies. 6(1): 158-65.

Huseini, H., et.al. (2006). "The Effects of Sulybum Marianum in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes." Phytotherapeutic Research. 20(1): 1036-39.

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Issues

Reproductive Tract Diseases for human females are typically focused in the upper reproductive tract or the lower reproductive tract. The upper tract includes the fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus, while the lower reproductive tract focuses on the vagina, cervix and vulva. There are three major types of infections: endogenous, iatrogenic and sexually transmitted diseases. Endogenous diseases arise from internal cellular structures and may be bacterial, viral or genetic, usually the most common and arise from an overgrowth of organisms that are already present in the vagina; iatrogenic diseases are the result of medical or surgical treatment, and sexually transmitted diseases occur between humans as a result of sexual behavior. In addition to infections, there are congenital abnormalities, cancers and functional problems. Each infection has its own specific cause and symptoms; caused by bacteria, virus, fungi or other organisms. Indeed, some are easily treatable and cured,…

Works Cited

Azim, P., et al. (2011). Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. Isra Medical Journal, 3(3). Retrieved November 2013, from http://121.52.154.227/Isra%20Medical%20Journal%20Volume-III%20Issue-III.pdf#page=6

Davidson, B., et al. (2012). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding During the Reproductive Years. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health, 57(3), 248-54.

Fraser, I., et al. (2011). The FIGO Recommendations on Terminologies and Definitions for Normal and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 29(5), 383-90.

Gray, S. (2013). Menstural Disorders. Pediatrics in Review, 34(1), 6-18.

Indigenous Australians and Diabetes

In Adelaide the first case of diabetes in Indigenous people was noted in 1923. The records clearly show that Indigenous people didn't diagnose diabetes at the time as they were fit, lean and in good shape. Apart from that, they didn't have any metabolic ailment at the time. Till the 1960's, the estimates of diabetes in Indigenous people weren't taken and no investigation done until then. Then a connection was found between indigenous population and westernized living in the population as type-2 diabetes was slowly starting to materialize. Since then, type 2 diabetes has been deemed as the most worrying health problems in Australia as the probability of it being in the population is four times (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, 2007a).

Diabetes and the afflicted person

Diabetes can affect a person in many ways as shown below:

Family

Work

Daily life

Emotionally

Monetarily

Physically (Shaw, 2012)

Physical…

References

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2006) The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2006. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet (2007a) Review of diabetes among Indigenous peoples. Retrieved June 7, 2014 from  http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/chronic-conditions/diabetes/reviews/our-review 

Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet (2007b) Background information on Diabetes. Retrieved June 7, 2014 from  http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/chronic-conditions/diabetes/reviews/background-information 

Bhattacharyya et al. (2002). Inpatient management of diabetes mellitus and patient satisfaction. Diabetic medicine: A journal of the British Diabetic Association, 19 (5), 412-416.

The success of PPACA, and its provisions for people who are currently or chronically uninsured, will depend on reform of public programs as well as private insurance practices to create "new pathways to coverage (Gulley) and address the problematic link between employment and insurance coverage. In other words, employment should not be the only viable option for securing affordable insurance, nor should there be "significant work disincentives for people with disabilities" (Gulley). The law should help "reduce disparities in [healthcare] access (Gorin, 2010).

A number of provisions of PPACA have already taken effect. Beginning January 1, the law provided for a 50% discount on covered brand-name drugs. This provision was designed to close the coverage gap in Medicare Part D coverage, the so-called "Donut Hole." There is a 7% discount on generic drugs. The coverage gap will be completely eradicated by 2020, according to PPACA, making it even easier for…

References

Cobb, K., & Davis, C. (2007). The faces of the uninsured: One in four Texans has no medical coverage, posing dire physical risks for them and consequences for the state. Houston Chronicle 4/15/07.

Doheny, K. (1999). Filling a Health-Coverage Gap. WebMD. Retrieved from  http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/features/filling-health-coverage-gap 

Gorin, S.H., Gehlert, S.J., & Washington, T.A. (2010). Health care reform and health disparities: Implications for social workers. Health & Social Work 35(4), pp. 243-247.

Gulley, S.P., Rasch, E.K., Chan, L. (2011). Ongoing coverage for ongoing care: Access,

Congestive Cardiac Failure: Nursing Perspective

Congestive heart failure is a congenital condition that affects millions of American's every year. Heart failure often manifests in a chronic condition for victims of the disease.

There are several nursing interventions important for control and maintenance of the condition. Congestive heart failure can result in serious complications including edema, respiratory disorders and can lead to premature death. Treating congestive heart failure appropriately is critical to a patient's outcome. Perhaps even more critical to a patient's outcome is patient education targeted at prevention and healthy living. Nursing management of the condition depends upon appropriate medical evaluation, medication administration, monitoring and patient education. These ideas are explored in greater detail below.

Congestive heart failure is often congenital in nature. Congestive heart failure usually manifests when the cardiac muscle is old and tired and stops circulating properly. This may result from damage to the heart; alternatively myocarditis…

References

AMA. (2004). "Congestive Heart Failure." American Heart Association, Inc. {Online} Available:  http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4585 

Adomeit, A; Baur, A; Salfeld, R. (2001). "A New Model for Disease Management." The McKinsey Quarterly.

Antoni, M; Ironson, G; Saab, P; Schneiderman, N. (2001). "HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: Psychosocial and Biobehavioral Aspects of Chronic Disease Management." Annual Review of Psychology

Arocha, J; Patel, V. (1995). "Novice Diagnostic Reasoning in Medicine: Accounting for Evidence." Journal of the Learning Sciences, Vol. 4

Accessed 08 Feb, 2012 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0U/is_12_27/ai_n17165803/pg_4/?tag=content;col1

Part 2

Quality improvement research enables hospitals and doctors a means of maximize their services and ensuring that the patients receive the utmost care. A difficult area for doctors to find a solution was the area of compliance. Many patients fail to accept a physician's advice and their illness continues resulting in repeat hospitalizations and further injury to the patient.

In a study conducted in 1976, concerned physicians wanted to find a means of getting patients to better cooperate with their recommended treatment options. Prior to the study, less than half of the hospital's patients followed their doctor's advice and took their medication as prescribed. The one group that was most notorious for this was high blood pressure patients. So, this was the group that the study targeted and tried to improve the outcome of.

uring the study, doctors were trained on a new…

During the study, doctors were trained on a new communication technique known as patient centered communication. This technique required the doctors to fully listen to the patient's description of symptoms, probe deeper with followup questions, educate the patient on their condition and explain the purpose of the recommended treatment in improving the condition. Half of the patients were treated using this technique while the other half were treated using the standard technique. The result was that the technique doubled the amount of patients who took their medication.

This study followed a Stetler model where the problem of non-compliance was identified and reasons for the problem theorized. A solution was then constructed and attempted alongside a control group and the results were tracked. In this case, the intervention proved successful and the results revealed the improved success rate.

Inui TS, Yourtee EL, Williamson JW (1976). Improved outcomes in hypertension after physician tutorials. A controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 84(6), 646 -- 651.

Healthy Food Prevent Obesity?

Now more than ever obesity has become an immense issue in the United States. What used to be a growing concern has now become a topic of constant discussion and debate. It has received great media attention, with as far as getting celebrities and athletes to sponsor healthier food and more exercise. The President and First Lady of the United States have even made it a personal concern of theirs to get America healthier. Children are at an all time high for getting Diabetes from the unhealthy food that they are eating and that are being marketed to them. Adults are getting high cholesterol levels, Diabetes, and high blood pressure, from all the unhealthy fat and high amounts of salt and sugar in the foods that they are eating. In today's society, being healthy has become not only a way of living, but also a trend.…

" There is a more calm feeling to his description. This is not to say that the author was portraying war as being a patriotic act, but the author was not as graphical in his describing what the soldiers were seeing and going through. The reader is more connected to the actions of the poem and not the fact that someone is dying. He ends his poem by referencing "hell" and the reader is left wondering whether the hell that he is referring to the war that is being left behind, or to dying itself.

3) Rites of Passage Activity

In speaking to my grandmother, I was able to find out what it was that she took when she first left her home. At the age of sixteen, she was married to my grandfather and was getting ready to start her knew life as a wife and very soon, as…

Healthypeople

The goal of Healthy People is to provide evidence-based health objectives and strategies to help empower Americans to make informed decisions. Healthy People is a program that emphasizes prevention, including lifestyle choices. The program also endeavors to eliminate disparities in health behavior and health outcomes, because risk factors are linked to issues like socio-economic class ("About Healthy People," 2012). Objectives are linked to public policy, too, as many of the health objectives pertain to improving community resources related to health such as improving public parks, boosting physical education in schools, and adding bicycle lanes in cities. Included in the Healthy People program are specific ten-year objectives to improve public and personal health in America.

The "Data" section of Healthy People 2020 is called Data2020. Data 2020 is an interactive tool designed to help people and health care professionals. The "Leading" section is for community leaders who wish to use…

References

"About Healthy People," (2012). Healthy People.gov. Retrieved online:  http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/default.aspx 

"Nutrition and Weight Status," (2012). HealthyPeople.gov. Retrieved online:  http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=29 

"Physical Activity," (2012). Healthy People.gov. Retrieved online:  http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=33

People can exercise their free choice at the grocery store by choosing organic foods, although because of generally higher costs of organic products, this will not be a solution for everyone. People in lower socioeconomic groups often get food at discount chains or even food pantries where organics are not even a choice at all.

There is no incentive for makers of agricultural chemicals to modify their products in response to charges about obesogens. As the documentary films the Future of Food and King Corn pointed out, the use of pesticides is very big business. Though detrimental effects of pesticides and genetically-modified seeds and food have been shown, further research is needed to prove the link between pesticides and genetic modifications that lead to obesity in infants and children. When and if that link is proven, the public will have to demand that the government take action. Consumer advocate organizations…

References

Adler, N.E., & Stewart, J. (2009). Reducing obesity: motivating action while not blaming the victim. Milbank Quarterly 87 (1), pp. 49-70. Retrieved from Academic Search

Premier database December 29, 2010.

Baillie-Hamilton, P.F. (2002). Chemical toxins: a hypothesis to explain the global obesity epidemic. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 8 (2), pp. 185-192.

DOI: 10.1089/107555302317371479. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database December 29, 2010.

It should not be taken with aspirin or other aspirin-like compounds. It should not be taken with, "benzodiazepines, flecainide (Tambocor), iron, ketoconazole (Nizoral), lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid), methenamine (Hiprex, Urex), methotrexate, quinidine, sulfa-containing antibiotics, tetracycline (Sumycin), or vitamins" (4). It can exacerbate certain conditions such as high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, kidney disease, or ulcers (4). It should be consumed while pregnant or breastfeeding, only under the direction of a physician (4). Sodium is used to increase the effectiveness of sulfanomides (5).

Sodium bicarbonate increases the sodium level in the body (4). A physician might prescribe a low or reduced sodium diet while on Sodium bicarbonate. The individual needs of each patient must be addressed by their own personal physician. Sodium carbonate can produce certain side effects in some people. These side effects include increased thirst, stomach cramps, and extra gas (4). Several symptoms may indicate serious conditions for which…

Works Cited

1. JTBaker. "Sodium Bicarbonate: Material Safety Data Sheet."  http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/s2954.htm  (accessed 25Mar07).

2. Solvay Chemicals. "Sodium Bicarbonate: Material Safety Data Sheet." http://www.solvaychemicals.us/static/wma/pdf/6/7/5/9/SODBICARB.pdf (accessed 25Mar07).

3. Holleman, a. And Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001.

4. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., "Sodium Bicarbonate"  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682001.html  (accessed 25Mar07).

Obese Interview

Interview with an Obese Individual

For this assignment I interviewed an obese individual from the South Florida area. I found it difficult to select an individual based on their physical condition. It was definitely a challenge to, not only identify such an individual, but also find a way to approach them without being insulting or making the person feel uncomfortable about their condition obesity in any way. Although I am familiar with some obese people through my network of friends and family, I chose to select an individual that I was not acquainted with so that there was slightly less pressure to not be offensive in anyway. For example, I obviously know that this is a sensitive subject for many obese people, and I was personally worried that if I somehow offended someone that was within my network that it would cause some kind of issue for my…

The genetic factors were also excluded as having a major influence in the medical condition according to studies that showed that genetic factors that may influence the illness are overcome in proportion of 3:1 by environmental factors (uaranaccia, 1981, 11).

In her study, Laura onzales points out that Puerto Rican migrants are keeping in close contact with their relatives, friends and acquaintances from the islands, traveling back and forth, being engaged in what Christenson had defined as a "circulatory migration"(onzales, 2008, 2). The fact that the first language on the Puerto Rican Island is Spanish, English being widely taught in schools, but as a second language, made things harder for the older generations who migrated to the mainland. On the other hand, in a city like New York, one of the most targeted cities for the Puerto Rican migrators, Spanish is one of the languages "most commonly heard" after English,…

Guarnaccia, P. 1981. Puerto Ricans, Asthma, and the Health-Care System. Medical Anthropology Newsletter, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Feb., 1981), pp. 9-17

Landale et al. Migration and Infant Death: Assimilation or Selective Migration among Puerto Ricans? American Sociological Review, Vol. 65, No. 6 (Dec., 2000), pp. 888-909

Zayas, L.H. Palleja, J. 1988. Puerto Rican Familism: Considerations for Family Therapy. Family Relations, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Jul., 1988), pp. 260-264

This is because the current system, is not addressing the underlying challenges of: increasing demand and rising prices. To corroborate the different findings from the literature review a survey will be conducted. This will accurately determine the underlying trends and possible challenges that could be facing the sector in the future (from the increasing number of aging aby oomers).

Summary of the Findings and their Implications

Clearly, the aby oomers are creating a seismic shift in the way various health care services will be delivered in the future. This is because they account for such a large segment of the population. At the same time, the services that they demand and the number of health conditions that are affecting this group (i.e. diabetes / heart disease) underscores how they will require more health care services. This is problematic, because it means that the current health care system will more than…

Bibliography

Green, B. (2006). Of Statistics, Demographics and History. Marketing to the Leading Edge Baby Boomers. (pg. 8). Ithaca, NY: Paramount Marketing.

Ezzy, D. (2002). Introduction. Qualitative Analysis. (pp. xi - xvi). London: Routledge.

Kandal, J. (2009). Baby Boomers. Encyclopedia of Elder Care. (pg. 44). New York, NY: Facts on File

Mellor, J. (2005). Future of Medicare. Baby Boomers. (pp. 49 -- 54). New York, NY: Springer.

Vision 2030

Issue of Child Obesity in Saudi Arabia

Obesity is one of the most pressing and serious public health problems of the 21st century. Although the patterns of obesity differ between developing and developed countries, obesity rates are increasing worldwide. According to Speiser, Rudolf, Anhalt, Camacho-Hubner, Chiarelli, Eliakim et al. (2005), as many as 250 million people, or about 7% of the world's current population, are obese

According to the ministry of health, SA more than 3 million individuals are suffering from obesity which means 1 in every 5 persons is obese. The statistics also show that obesity rate is higher among women as compared to men in SA. Saudi Ministry of Health indicated that more than half of the Saudi adults are considered overweight while 66% women in Saudi Arabia are overweight. (Ministry of Health, 2005).

The improvement of the economic status in the Saudi government helped each…