Immanuel Kant
Essays

Although it is not perfect, the presidential system of government, as typified by the United States (U.S.) is the best system of government ever conceived. By creating a system where the public can remove…

¶ … Philosophy of Descartes and its rational transition through the stages of senses, self (Cogito) and God (Innate Idea). Find two criticisms on Descartes approach to philosophy.

This paper examines Alan Dershowitz's essay on the advocacy of torture and analyzes torture from a Utilitarian view point and a Kantian perspective. John Stuart Mill's view point is used to define Utilitarian, and supplies the argument for torture. Kantianism allows an argument to be made that opposes torture.

Kant described a clear difference between phenomena (objects as interpreted by human understanding) and noumena (objects as things-in-themselves, those in which humans cannot directly experience). Modern phenomenology was dissatisfied with this limited approach to all things knowable, and attempts to create the conditions for the objective study of topics that are typically found to be subjective – judgments, emotions, perceptions. It focuses on a scientific method, but is not clinical or biological; but rather it seeks to use a more systematic reflection of ideas to determine a more structured approach to experience

This paper analyzes whether the moral law can be established using a purely a priori foundation. It also addresses the impact of a posteriori reasoning and asserts that there is an objective moral law which is knowable, despite what Kantian philosophy states regarding the issue. If one does not concede this point, then all points may be contradicted.

Columnist William Wineke points out that the real problem with relativism is that it gives no place to stop the slippery slide, no place to stand and say "no" (Wineke pp). In other words, each step taken simply makes it…

Rene Descartes: Historical and Philosophical Context

Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is the great thinker's most critically acclaimed work but the reason for that lies not with the metaphysical content of the book but the critique of metaphysics that it generated.

These four dialogues describe the discussion of Socrates during times of trial, imprisonment, and execution of Socrates. Socrates presents his defense in the second dialogue the Apology. Should society charge individuals who challenge impunity or reward them. Socrates however fails to defend himself and receives a death sentence. Crito, Socrates friend tries to persuade him to flee the sentence, but in the course of their discussion, a question about civil foundation and moral law including treatment similar to the present emerges.

¶ … geniuses, history will never even be aware that most people even lived at all, much less that their lives had any real purpose, meaning or worth. All ideas of human equality and natural rights are just pious little…