Through the establishment of a clear structure, recommendation of the internal audit team will be implemented and hence the company will realize improved performance.
To ensure that the internal auditing standards and other auditing standards are upheld, the company must come up with a way of continuously ensuring their internal audit staff attend conferences where training on standards are done. Implementation is only possible if the employees understand what is required of them and are acquainted with necessary materials on auditing standards. Auditing experts will then be engaged to evaluate the work of the internal audit staff to ascertain whether all standards have been conformed with. In areas where there has been failure of implementation, the staff responsible will be made accountable.
Implementation of the policies can also be done by ensuring that the management is charged with the mandate of facilitating the work of internal auditors in realizing their duties.…...
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References
Corporate governance: the role of internal control. (2007). Hamilton, Ont: Society of Management Accountants of Canada.
Hightower, R. (2009). Internal controls policies and procedures. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
Pickett, K.H. (2005). The essential handbook of internal auditing (Condensed version of 2nd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley.
Reding, K.F. (2007). Internal auditing: assurance & consulting services. Altomonte Springs, Fla: Institute of Internal Auditors, Research Foundation.
The amount and complexity of information created and overseen by the auditors in terms of expenses, earnings, and taxes will also increase. The ongoing growth of global organizations is also demanding greater auditing expertise concerning international laws and trade in addition to international mergers and acquisitions.
Following Enron and the other financial scandals, Congress passed laws to curtail organizational accounting fraud. This legislation requires public companies to maintain established internal controls to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of financial reporting and analysis. Although not part of this legislation, private companies have to be just as concerned about financial crimes such as embezzlement, theft, and securities fraud. Computer and Internet technology is making such crimes easier to commit, and the number of them are rising.
FUTUE GOWTH
Over half of the 400 respondents of PricewaterhouseCoopers' second annual "State of the Internal Audit Profession" 2006 survey said Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) lead to an increase in…...
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Resources Cited
Dalton, Dan and Dalton, Catherine. "
Sarbanes-Oxley legislation and the private company: if not a marriage, then certainly an engagement" The Journal of Business Strategy. 2005. 26.2 (2005), 7-9.
Harrington, Cynthia. "Internal Audit's New Role." Journal of Accountancy. 198.3 (2004), 65-71
Institute of Internal Auditors. Internal Auditors Certification. 8/9/06. http://www.theiia.org/ .
Audit in isk Management
Agelova, B., Koleva, B. (2015). The role of internal audit in risk management system of the companies. Economic Development, 3: 1-10.
This study shows that the purpose of the internal audit is increasingly oriented towards mitigating risk so that the firm in question can reduce uncertainty and exercise adequate, effective and appropriate decision making processes. The focus of the study is, therefore, on the internal audit aspect of a company's risk management. The purpose of the study is situated in evaluation research -- here, that which is evaluated is the "contribution of the internal audit in the management of risks in the Macedonian enterprises" (Angelova, Koleva, 2015, p. 1).
The sample used for this included the managers of 30 Macedonian enterprises along with 48 internal auditors in the epublic of Macedonia. The survey method was used for gathering data and the finding of the study was that internal…...
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References
Agelova, B., Koleva, B. (2015). The role of internal audit in risk management system of the companies. Economic Development, 3: 1-10.
This implies a comparison of the results of the internal and external audits. Additionally, aside results and documents consulted, it is also necessary to assess the various variables used in the evaluations.
It is for instance possible for the company to alter the findings by focusing on more favorable variables. As a specific example, a financial audit could reveal increased organizational abilities to honor company debts, but this conclusion could solely be founded on the assessment of the company's short-term liquidity, in a context in which the assessment of the long-term liquidity would have revealed financial instabilities. In this order of ideas, the risks of altered results would decrease and the relevance of the findings would increase to better allow the auditor to assess the quality of the internal control systems.
At this stage, the auditors would make use of several technological applications through which to increase the efficiency of the…...
Internal Fraud Detection
Fraud can be detected by deliberate effort through internal control efforts or by coincidence or chance. When companies do not practice strong internal control, it leaves the door open for employees to misappropriate assets without being detected, except by chance. y the time fraud is detected by chance, it could have cost a company millions of dollars in misappropriated assets.
The first coincidence discovered by the magazine company was in the process of a new auditor in an effort to get to know his new company and their accounting codes taking invoices to a vice president responsible for approving payment on them. The very top invoice was a forged signature, and upon evaluation, more invoices were discovered to have contained forged signatures, which is what set up the investigation. According to (Global Economic Crime Survey), 13% of internal fraud is detected by accident, 27% reported fraud in the entertainment…...
32, and Pepsi's ratio is .29. These are close, but suggest that Pepsi is actually able to generate more revenue for every dollar of property and equipment it owns.
This makes sense given the operational differences at these companies; as noted above, Coca Cola does not actually own or operate all of the production elements for its products, thus it makes sense that is has much lower property values than its rival Pepsi, which is more fully integrated (Coca Cola, 2012; Pepsi, 2012). This also suggests, however, that Pepsi's revenue generation and overall value is more tied to its physical properties, plants, and equipment than is Coca Cola, meaning expansion could ne more costly for the company (Palepu, 2007). In this way, productivity might not transfer into long-term efficiency and profitability, which is something both investors and competitors should consider.
Marketing Productivity
If determining human resource and plant/equipment productivity was difficult, determining marketing…...
"
The determination for marketable security with respect to disproportionate distribution is accomplished by reducing the amount of marketable securities that is treated as money using the following steps:
1. The excess of the partner's share of net gain that would be recognized if all securities of the type distributed held by the partnership immediately before the transaction were sold at fair market value over
2. The partner's share of gain that would be taken into account if the securities held by the partnership immediately after the transaction were sold.
While the term "marketable securities" includes interests in actively traded precious metals and other financial instruments that are set forth in the applicable IRC code and regulations, there are some exceptions to this provision, though, and it does not apply in three specific situations as noted below:
1. Contributed by partner. If the security itself was contributed to the partnership by the distributee-partner, the provision…...
A major objective of the custodial Financial reporting system is to be continuously and accurately responsive to regular and ad hoc requests for custodial financial reports" (Website of the Internal evenue Service, 2008).
The new information system has not been entirely implemented in the meaning that it still in the stages of control and testing. Once its implementation has been completed, the FMIS is expected to perform the following tasks:
Support the financial audit conducted by the General Accountability Office
Prepare the financial statements of the Internal evenue Service
Prepare reports for trending on operational impact
Feed the BPMS (the Business Performance Management System), the CCW (Compliance Data Warehouse) and the CAP (Custodial Accounting Project)
etrieve the information necessary for the Federal Payment Levy Program (FPLP), and finally
Analyze and report on modules with credit balances belonging to frozen credit processes (Website of the Internal evenue Service, 2008)
The GAO is a powerful organization, with a high…...
The fifth principle of cash disbursement is that of independent internal verification. This occurs at Guard Dog because the reconciliation is conducted by the assistant chief accountant, not the treasury. There are other controls as well that are consistent with the principles of internal control of cash. The invoices are stamped "PAID" when the check has been issued, for example. Also, in each key department there are two individuals, which allows each individual to take vacations. The checks are compared to the invoices before they are issued. By doing all of these things, Guard Dog is following the principles of internal control of cash disbursements well.
4-2A. a) There are several weaknesses in the internal control. The head usher counts the money unsupervised; financial management and audit is conducted by the same group; regular audits are not conducted; only one employee keeps records; the financial secretary conducts reconciliation and audits;…...
S. through even 2009. The exponential growth of Indian outsourcing companies who have expertise in Business Process Management (BPM) have correspondingly seen an increase in their business, as many smaller American publicly-held companies do not have the people or the expertise to get their processes, systems, it plans and accounting and reporting functions in compliance to the SOX standard in any meaningful period of time (adtke, et.al.) as a result many accounting professionals also must manage outsourcing contracts with companies who specialize in BPM and SOX process-redefinition. Finally there is also more concentration on oversight at the corporate level, with companies including Boeing having a Chief Compliance Officer who reports directly to the CEO to ensure GC Initiatives gain the necessary resources to be effective. Accounting and auditing will continue to be significantly influenced by SOX for the foreseeable future as the need for compliance grows.
Conclusion
The accounting and auditing professions…...
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References
Ronald Jelinek, Kate Jelinek. "Auditors gone wild: The "other" problem in public accounting " Business Horizons 51.3 (2008): 223. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 14 Mar. 2009
Jeffrey E. Michelman, Bobby E. Waldrup. "Improving Internal Control Over Financial Reporting" the CPA Journal 78.4 (2008): 30-34. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 13 Mar. 2009
Robin R. Radtke.. "Role Morality in the Accounting Profession - How do we Compare to Physicians and Attorneys? " Journal of Business Ethics 79.3 (2008): 279-297. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 13 Mar. 2009
Sandra Waller Shelton, O. Ray Whittington. "The influence of the auditor's report on investors' evaluations after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. " Managerial Auditing Journal 23.2 (2008): 142-160. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest 13 Mar. 2009
Managing the Effectiveness of the Audit Process
Mission and Objectives of the International Audit Department
Stakeholders
The IAD stakeholder power-interest grid
The Audit Process
Objectives, Scope and Approach of the Research
Purpose and Mandate
Resourcing
Competency Development
Sustaining People Excellence
Tools and Technology
Knowledge Management
Operations
Quality
Governance
People
Infrastructure and Operations
Japan Tobacco International (JTI) is an international tobacco business that is operated by Japan Tobacco Inc. Japan Tobacco Inc. is the third largest player in the international tobacco industry with a market capitalization of 32 billion USD and a market share of 11%. JTI was established in the year 1999 when Japan Tobacco Inc. purchased the operations of United States multinational R.J. Reynolds, for 8 billion USD.
The Internal Audit Department (IAD) of the organization is accountable to the board of directors. The department is headed by the Global Internal Audit Vice President. He took his position in the year 2009.
The basic object of this research is to analyze the operational ability and effectiveness of the…...
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Works cited
Anupindi, Ravi. 2006. Managing Business Process Flows. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Leseure, Michel. 2010. Key Concepts in Operations Management. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Mahadevan, B. 2009. Operations Management. New Delhi: Published by Dorling Kindersley (India), licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia.
Slack, Nigel. 2009. Operations and Process Management. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall/Financial Times.
unning head: APPLYING THE AUDIT POCESS APPLYING THE AUDIT POCESS 2Part A: Identifying Internal Controls and Tests of Controls/Prepare an Audit Programa) List the internal controls for the six transaction-related audit objectivesThe six transaction-related audit objectives over sales are existence, completeness, accuracy, timing, classification, and posting and summarization. The corresponding internal controls in the client organization are:i) Existence pre-numbered sales invoices are made in duplicate and duplicate copies as well as the supporting customer orders and bills of lading are stored in an electronic file that is easily retrievable. Duties are segregated such that sales recording and authorization are done by different clerks in the order and credit departmentsii) Completeness pre-numbered documents including sales order forms, invoices, and bills of lading are available in sequenceiii) Accuracy there is an approved commodity price list for use by billing staff and invoice totals are calculated with the help of…...
hythm on the Vine is a concert series that is run on a charity basis by the Shriner's Hospitals for Children. hythm is a concert series and the size of the events is growing rapidly, so there is a need for the Shriners to implement proper procedures for financial management and cash handling at these events. Members of the public pay for their tickets with credit cards or online, but there are some ticket purchases at the events, and in some instances there are cash purchases of food and beverages available. There are several different ticketing tiers, with the highest level of sponsorship at $5,000 and lower levels down to $35 tickets at the picnic area. The picnic area generates cash sales of food and beverages in particular, as many picnic guests rely on ad hoc food purchases. In addition to ticket sales, there are silent auctions as well.
There are…...
Marketing Audit
A market research plan is the systematic study that deals with the gathering and analysis of the concerned data to assess the role of a certain company in the market and persuade the customers to by their products. Marketing research assist the companies to design better strategies for future with respect to customer behavior (Pickett, 2010).
Marketing audit: It is a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of a company's activities and the results achieved due to its capabilities .In order to carry out marketing research one must understand the role of marketing audit in research.
PUPOSE OF THE AUDIT (Wal-Mart)
Marketing audit is necessary because the Wal-Mart has to compare its performance with the constantly changing market environment. There are certain micro and macro environmental factors that affect the business and marketing operations of the retail business of Wal-Mart largely. A detailed description of them is as under:
Microenvironment: Micro environmental factors are the…...
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References
Cangemi, M.P., & Singleton, T.W. (2003). Managing the Audit Function. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
D'Souza, S. (2009). The Brain Audit. Chicago: Psychotactics.
Accounting and Audit Enforcement
1. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act applies to publicly-traded companies. Thus, it does not apply to non-profit entities. Nor does it apply to for-profit entities that are not publicly-traded. This is because SOX was passed specifically to address instances of accounting fraud in publicly traded companies that were undermining consumer trust in the capital markets (101.com, 2018). A publicly traded companies has a variety of different obligations under SOX that will help to reduce the opportunities and incentives for accounting fraud. Both opportunity and incentive are components of the fraud triangle – one needs to have a perceived need to commit the fraud and the circumstances with which to do so (ACFE, 2018).
Non-profit organizations have no obligations under SOX. However, there is a school of thought that holds that non-profit entities can benefit from some of the recommendations and mandates that SOX contains. Fritz (2016) writes that "non-profits are…...
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