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What is Journal?

A journal, in academic contexts, refers to a peer-reviewed publication in which researchers present original studies, reviews, and analyses across virtually every field of inquiry. Students encounter journal articles in courses ranging from nursing and public health to ethics, education, history, and social sciences. Working with journals teaches critical reading skills, because published research demands that readers evaluate methodology, assess the credibility of findings, and understand how authors position their arguments within broader scholarly conversations. The ability to locate, interpret, and respond to journal sources is foundational to undergraduate and graduate academic work.

The papers collected here reflect a wide range of approaches to engaging with journal sources. Many take a review or synthesis format, summarizing findings and implications from multiple articles on topics such as bilingual education, high school dropout rates among Native Americans, father absence and adolescent drug use, and oral health. Others focus on a single article or study, analyzing how researchers frame their data and what their conclusions support. Some papers extend into annotated bibliography form, evaluating sources on subjects like race, class, gender, and ethical issues in business management, while others connect journal research to professional practice contexts such as nursing or school counseling.

A strong essay engaging with journal literature requires a focused thesis that moves beyond summary toward analysis or argument — explaining not just what researchers found, but why those findings matter or where they fall short. Evidence drawn directly from the article's data, methodology, and stated implications carries the most weight. The most common pitfall is treating a journal article as simply true rather than as a constructed argument subject to scrutiny.

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Walmart's organizational culture and employee relations practices
Since the year of 2008, Wal-Mart has been branded that name but before then, it was an American international trader company that runs chains of big discount department stores and warehouse supplies. Wal- Mart has turned into the world's third biggest public corporation, dependable with the Fortune Global 500 list in the year of 2012.This business has also turned out to be a private employer in the world with over two million workers, and is the largest retailer in the entire world.
Essay Doctorate
CFO-to-CEO transitions: Indra Nooyi and Sallie Krawcheck
¶ … finance departments are the best place to train future CEOs?
Paper Doctorate
Depression as a public health concern following mild traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs as a result of force to the skull or brain. The probability of receiving a TBI is increased if one is participates in a number of sports such as professional football in the National Football League (NFL) and in a number of vocations such being in the military. The results of a TBI include a number of cognitive and emotional symptoms (McCrea, 2008). One of the most common emotional sequale of TBI is depression. This paper argues that depression associated with mild TBI (mTBI) is a public, not personal concern.
Essay Doctorate
Enterprise and departmental CRM systems at Cincom Systems
It is paradoxical that the majority of enterprise software companies today have highly fragmented Information Systems (IS) departments with one entire series of departments dedicated to enterprise computing and a second, to specific departments or divisions. As enterprise software systems, specifically in the areas of enterprise CRM are organized to ensure a very high level of data fidelity across departments, there is a conflicting set of priorities for ensuring real-time response to prospective customer requests (Power, 2009). Not only are the differences in enterprise-wide information systems significant in terms of the real-time versus batch-oriented nature of their information needs, they also vary significantly in terms of the analytics used to evaluate their performance (Power, 2009). At Cincom Systems, these conflicts are accentuated by the speed of new product introductions in their five core enterprise divisions versus the real-time data and information needs of each department in terms of sales leads or opportunities and market information. This conflict is most often seen when Cincom attempts to launch a strategic services initiative meant to span across the entire company, only to find the vast differences in information needs by business unit slow down or nearly stop the progress of these company-wide initiatives. The strategic implications of service initiatives often must be tailored to the specific requirements of each business unit or division to attain the greatest potential benefit to the organization (Saini, Khatri, Thareja, 2012). This is certainly the case with Cincom, who has attempted to create an enterprise-wide cloud computing initiative to interlink enterprise software products in addition to internal CRM systems to ensure a higher level of data, knowledge and process integration. To date the project has only been somewhat successful due to the vast differences in hwo the enterprise versus departmental CRM systems are designed and implemented. The intent of this analysis is to examine the policy, team and information technology differences between the enterprise and departmental systems throughout Cincom. Recommendations are also provided for resolving the inherent conflicts in these specific system architectures and the underlying business objectives that drive their development and continued investment.
Essay Doctorate
Watson's nursing theory and patient perceptions of caring in multicultural settings
The article "Applying Watson's Nursing Theory to Assess Patient Perceptions of Being Cared for in a Multicultural Environment" describes the validness and authentication of the nursing theory of care by Jean Watson. She was of the view that the best which a nurse can give to the patient is care as humans are naturally gifted with it and it is irrespective of ethnical, racial, cultural or social basis. The article describes the implications of this theory in such environment where the nurses and their patients have ethnical and cultural difference and they do not even understand each other's language.
Paper Doctorate
The Hippocratic oath and the evolution of medical ethics
Ethics is a topic that is nearly as old as the human race. Ethics is sometimes referred to a branch of philosophy called moral philosophy. Ethics is often conceptualized as a code or a system meant to categorize or otherwise classify as well as recommend behavior that is right and behavior that is wrong. Ethical codes often describe what right and wrong is in general as well. The practice or application of ethical codes in medicine is additionally an old concept. Some of the oldest and greatest civilizations called for the practice of ethics in medicine. The paper will explore and demonstrate the necessity of ethics in medicine.
Essay Doctorate
Global market research strategies for U.S. retail franchise expansion into Brazil
The multifaceted nature of global market research makes the diverse nature of business strategies' analytics, intelligence and market data needs accomplishable with significant accuracy and insight.
Essay Doctorate
Total rewards programs and employee engagement strategies
This paper talks about the total rewards programs that many companies have for their employees and what can be done to make them better. Some businesses have started to think about more creative solutions to compensation than the staid monetary or benefits package. By giving employees more enjoyment at work, companies are making their people more productive.
Paper Doctorate
United Healthcare's strategic growth and network expansion during economic downturn
n spite of the struggling economy throughout the country, United Healthcare industries ascended in development and improved their year over year incomes by 9% in 2010. They had found a way to widen their customer foundation by 1.5 million people. The economy disorder was an important motive for the development in Medicaid program contribution increasing nearly 16% from year to year.
Essay Doctorate
Amazon's enterprise infrastructure and analytics as competitive advantage
Amazon's remarkable ascent as one of the top online global retailers can be attributed to the foresight they had in creating a comprehensive distributed order management, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and e-commerce series of systems. The many other e-commerce sites that rose quickly with massive infusions of venture capital just as quick exited the market, flaming out due to a lack of system and process scalability, lack of understanding of customer dynamics, and a complete loss of focus on scalable business models. All of these factors are what caused competitors to Amazon to exit the e-commerce market either through acquisition, merger or complete exist from the market. When starting Amazon, Jeff Bezos invested heavily in the distributed order management, ERP, SCM and e-commerce integration points to book distributors initially, and then expanded into a broader product mix. This allowed the enterprise to quickly scale as volumes increased during the first five years of the company's existence. Having creating this reliable, scalable and secure platform, Mr. Bezos and the Amazon founders concentrated on creating an analytics layer throughout their architecture that could quantify customer, distributor, dealer and even competitor activity on the site (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012). This reliance on analytics also gave Amazon executives and technical staff the insight they needed to launch quickly into entirely new product categories, get the complex and often confusing task of localization right, and also create a highly popular and profitable Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud computing platform and hosting platform for Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) applications (Mitchell, 2012). From a technology standpoint the performance of Amazon today can be directly attributed to the insightful decisions made in 1994 and 1995 when the company founders prioritized the development of enterprise-wide platforms and a strong focus on analytics over spending all their time on the front-end website and its façade (Lindic, Bavdaz, Kovacic, 2012). As Jeff Bezos would later remark in interviews, by investing to create a truly world-class enterprise back-end system first, his company was freed up to fast track the actual user interface of the e-commerce sites globally at a pace that left comp[editors far behind in terms of functionality and product breadth (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012). Mr. Bezos chose in 2007 to also institute a culture of metrics that also capitalized on the nearly two decades of investment in their infrastructure (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012). Combining the global e-commerce, enterprise-tested infrastructure and the most robust set of analytics that any e-commerce provider had, Amazon was ready to begin expanding their product strategies, start offering greater options in their Amazon Web Services initiative which today is expected to be a $1B by 2015, even by conservative forecasts (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012) and also invest heavily in their state-of-the-art recommendation engine technology that seeks out products and services customers may be interested in and present them during shop[ping sessions in real-time (Sun, 2012). It's important to appreciate just how vast of an e-commerce infrastructure Amazon has in completing this analysis of their e-strategy. They have greater agility, flexibility and capability to execute than any other online retailer globally today. How they choose to use these technologies to attract new customers and keep existing ones loyal, a point the case study makes in greater detail, is predicated on the ability to get the most value from this infrastructure while still staying focused on delivering a world-class customer experience in each transaction. Based on the analysis undertaken for this case analysis, it is abundantly clear that Jeff Bezos and the executive management team are passionate about keeping the company as customer-focused as possible, including the continual selective use of technology to accentuate and strengthen the user experience online and off (Murphy, Narkiewicz, 2010). With these foundational aspects of Amazon defined, the seven areas of focus in this analysis are next presented. The overarching objective of this analysis is to understand the value of e-strategies in organizations, with Amazon being the organization of interest in the analysis. Specifically concentrating on the benefits of having an e-strategy at Amazon, defining how e-strategies contribute to Amazon's broader accomplishments, and an analysis of how Amazon aligns their e-strategy to the overarching organizational strategy as well., The analysis continues with an analysis of the key business factors that are the catalysts of the e-strategy at Amazon, followed by a suggested strategic plan for ensuring e-strategy initiatives at the company continue to lead to profitable growth. The final section of this analysis provides an assessment of the technical infrastructure needed to accomplish the proposed strategic plan. As Amazon has continually evolved its position as a global force in online retailing, its command of supply chains globally has also evolved very quickly. In the latest rankings of the highest-performing supply chains completed by Gartner, a leading research consultancy, Amazon has ranking within the top twenty five for five years running (Amazon Investor Relations, 2012). What this signals is that Amazon has progressed from relying on enterprise-wide infrastructure to compete and is now on the growth trajectory of making supply chain processes their competitive advantage.