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What is Journal?

A journal, in academic contexts, refers to a peer-reviewed publication in which researchers present original studies, reviews, and analyses across virtually every field of inquiry. Students encounter journal articles in courses ranging from nursing and public health to ethics, education, history, and social sciences. Working with journals teaches critical reading skills, because published research demands that readers evaluate methodology, assess the credibility of findings, and understand how authors position their arguments within broader scholarly conversations. The ability to locate, interpret, and respond to journal sources is foundational to undergraduate and graduate academic work.

The papers collected here reflect a wide range of approaches to engaging with journal sources. Many take a review or synthesis format, summarizing findings and implications from multiple articles on topics such as bilingual education, high school dropout rates among Native Americans, father absence and adolescent drug use, and oral health. Others focus on a single article or study, analyzing how researchers frame their data and what their conclusions support. Some papers extend into annotated bibliography form, evaluating sources on subjects like race, class, gender, and ethical issues in business management, while others connect journal research to professional practice contexts such as nursing or school counseling.

A strong essay engaging with journal literature requires a focused thesis that moves beyond summary toward analysis or argument — explaining not just what researchers found, but why those findings matter or where they fall short. Evidence drawn directly from the article's data, methodology, and stated implications carries the most weight. The most common pitfall is treating a journal article as simply true rather than as a constructed argument subject to scrutiny.

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Essay Doctorate
David Ruffin's cocaine addiction and treatment options
Most people today probably recognize his signing voice from his hits such as "My Girl," but few may remember David Ruffin of The Temptations music group from the latter half of the 20th century. Like many of his contemporaries, Ruffin fell victim to the ravages of drug abuse during the height of his career, leaving his millions of fans with a musical void in their lives. To gain some further insights into his untimely death from an overdose of cocaine, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to develop a background and an overview of Ruffin, his use of drugs, and an appropriate screening instrument that could be used to evaluate a similar client's stage of dependence, change or recovery. An application of this diagnostic tool to Ruffin's unique circumstances is followed by a discussion concerning possible placement options and treatment modalities for clients with Ruffin's diagnosis, and the rationale in support of their choice based upon a personal conceptualization and etiology of addiction. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings are presented in the conclusion.
Essay Doctorate
How organizational structure shapes culture and transformational capacity
Introduction As with structure, culture is methodologically analyzable by virtue of its emergent status. Indeed, like structure, culture has relational, causal properties of its own, which confront actualizing agency in the form of situational logics (Archer 2006: ch. 7). Cultural analysis is also a multi-level affair, from the doctrinal level, where, for instance, religious doctrine may contradict welfare policy, down to the micro-level. Just as any role within an organization can have contradictory requirements, so can cultural values. However, the problem currently vitiating the literature on ‘organizational culture' is precisely how one can examine the relative interplay between society's ‘prepositional register' and agency when culture is reduced to, or defined solely in terms of, what goes on at the level of causality. The realist assertion that culture as an emergent product has properties of its own is thrown out of the analytical window; or, following Archer, the S-C level is conflated with the CS level.
Essay Doctorate
Biblical sign gifts: continuity and authenticity in contemporary Christianity
The most dramatic scenarios that make a difference between the biblical prophecy and today is the existence of prophecy in an official measures that are sanctioned not be means of divine communication. This implies that the prophecies in the modern world are meant disorient the religious views. According to biblical canon prophetic direct revelation were only credible to the end of Malachi. This is a demonstration that the to-day prophecies are not guided but misguide and great caution is required to access them.
Essay Doctorate
Nursing staff levels and teamwork's impact on patient safety
In this paper, we are seeking to understand the impact of the team based approach on a health care environment. This is accomplished by examining the article Nursing Staff Levels and Teamwork with a focus on a number of areas. To include: the purpose, the study framework, examining the sample methods, the statistics utilized and looking at the finding from the research. Once this occurs, is when we can offer specific insights that will show how this strategy can improve care and quality.
Paper Doctorate
Billboard advertising effectiveness and healthcare brand recall
Try to remember the billboards on your commute to work or school. How many do you think there are? Explain why you remembered any of them. Next time you are on that route, note how many billboards there actually are.
Essay Doctorate
Branded versus private label strategy for Xcentrick apparel company
This paper focuses on a new brand, and whether it should be a private label or branded manufacturer. The goal is to design a brand label and also determine how the new brand will be developed and manufactured. Additionally, two garments are to be chosen and described, along with all of the label information that they include.
Essay Doctorate
Stock valuation methods: dividend discount model and CAPM
There are a number of different factors that contribute to a stock's valuation in the market compared with the financial statements. One fundamental difference between the two is that the book value reflects past…
Essay Doctorate
Ethical and occupational challenges in high-security correctional environments
In this paper we present an in-depth analysis of the prison system. This discussion is carried out in line with the observed cases of ethical, legal, and standards of practice considerations.The other issues addressed are the social and cultural composition of the population served and culturally sensitive practices, a theoretical framework that reflects the professional ethical codes of your field. Issues of informed consent and acknowledgement of client and patient rights, strategies to ensure confidentiality and potential problems that result from dual relationship issues are also discussed.
Essay Doctorate
Alienation and racial identity in Smith and Walker's works
In this paper I compare and contrast the literary works of Alice Walker and Patricia Smith. In particular I look at the poetry of Smith and a Walker short story titled 'A welcome table'. I explore the manifestation of race, racism, and triumphant individualism. I do explore the preceding themes by situating the two works in the larger context of racialized fictional literature.
Essay Doctorate
Orange's value bundle strategy for European market growth
Based on the successful merger of Orange and T-Mobile, the company is one of the world's largest mobile operators and the second leading operator throughout Western Europe. The company has over 30M subscribers worldwide, with 10M on the more profitable and long-term post-paid plans and leads Europe with over 1.5M users subscribing to the GSM 3G speed class of performance (Orange Investor Relations, 2012). As of January, 2012 the company and its subsidiaries operate in 25 nations worldwide and has an aggregator market share of 40.4% and one of the highest consistent Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) levels of 31.6, netting an average minutes per user or subscriber of 190 minutes (Orange Investor Relations, 2012). Despite these impressive statistics however, Orange is suffering for a very high level of customer churn in its core markets, is challenged with how to ramp up into the smart phone market globally (which could revolutionize their business if they succeed at it), and continual lean process improvements over time (Andlauer, Pouillot, 2011) (Orange Investor Relations, 2012). The continual consolidation of the European and global telecommunications provider industry as evidenced by rapid price declines (Benzoni, Deffains, Nguyen, Saleese, 2011) and the nationalization of telecommunications services by governments is increasing the intensity of competition (Clifton, Comín, Díaz-Fuentes, 2011). Amidst all of these challenges the potential of 3G networks and their high ARPU levels offer considerable upside revenue potential for the company going forward (Orange Investor Relations, 2012). Smartphone integration will be integral to this effort however. The intent of this strategic marketing plan is to provide an audit of the company today, an assessment of their macroenvironment, market analysis, competitive overviews, market shares of competitors, profitability analysis and SWOT analysis of the company, The core strategy of the company will also be assessed. Marketing mix decisions and control points will also be provided as part of the analysis.