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What is Journal?

A journal, in academic contexts, refers to a peer-reviewed publication in which researchers present original studies, reviews, and analyses across virtually every field of inquiry. Students encounter journal articles in courses ranging from nursing and public health to ethics, education, history, and social sciences. Working with journals teaches critical reading skills, because published research demands that readers evaluate methodology, assess the credibility of findings, and understand how authors position their arguments within broader scholarly conversations. The ability to locate, interpret, and respond to journal sources is foundational to undergraduate and graduate academic work.

The papers collected here reflect a wide range of approaches to engaging with journal sources. Many take a review or synthesis format, summarizing findings and implications from multiple articles on topics such as bilingual education, high school dropout rates among Native Americans, father absence and adolescent drug use, and oral health. Others focus on a single article or study, analyzing how researchers frame their data and what their conclusions support. Some papers extend into annotated bibliography form, evaluating sources on subjects like race, class, gender, and ethical issues in business management, while others connect journal research to professional practice contexts such as nursing or school counseling.

A strong essay engaging with journal literature requires a focused thesis that moves beyond summary toward analysis or argument — explaining not just what researchers found, but why those findings matter or where they fall short. Evidence drawn directly from the article's data, methodology, and stated implications carries the most weight. The most common pitfall is treating a journal article as simply true rather than as a constructed argument subject to scrutiny.

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Research Paper Doctorate
United States Faces a Dilemma.
United States faces a dilemma. It needs to decide how to handle juvenile offenders. Currently, with some exceptions, each state and municipality sets its own rules, and the rules vary tremendously.
Paper Undergraduate
Members of Apple's supply chain violate environmental labor and safety practices
In this paper, we are going to be studying the impact of Apple's supply chain on various stakeholders. This will be accomplished by conducting an annotated bibliography and determining if the firm is engaging in practices that will negatively impact different parties. Once this takes place, is when we can provide specific insights that will support or refute the hypothesis that was presented.
Paper Doctorate
Hospitality CRM Systems Customer Relationship
In the hospitality industry, one of the most critical success factors for greater profitability is to increase customer loyalty and increased share of spending on entertainment, lodging and travel. Customer relationships are crucial for this to occur. The rapid advances in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software and systems have made it possible to electronically capture, analyze, extrapolate and create highly effective services strategies aimed at gaining greater customer loyalty and sales in the hospitality industry (Singh, Kasavana, 2005). The greater the level of customization a customer expects, the more critical the CRM system is for tracking, reporting and providing insights into how best to tailor hospitality products and services to their needs (Phillips, Louvieris, 2005). The intent of this analysis is to define how CRM is used in the hospitality industry, defining it pervasive effect on all facets of marketing, sales, service, pricing and planning. The ethical implications of CRM in the hospitality industry are also discussed.
Paper Doctorate
Socio-technical systems theory contributions to work environments and contemporary relevance
The role of Socio-Technical Systems Theory (STS) continues to be a galvanizing factor in the planning, development, implementation and continual fine-tuning of enterprise systems worldwide. Pursuing cost reductions through the use of manufacturing economies of scale and advanced lean process management techniques within organizations is paradoxically leading them into even greater conflicts internally how to attain balance of their STS-based initiatives (Kim, Kaplan, 2006). STS-based initiatives based on transformational leadership within the best-performing companies have shown potential to overcome the over-reliance on technical subsystems that by using technologies to make social systems more accurate, accelerated and trust-based (Amrit, Van Hillegersberg, 2010). The intent of this analysis is to evaluate how enterprise software platforms including Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) over time dictate the culture of an organization based on the information flows supported or not (Das, Jayaram, 2007). This is why many manufacturing companies fail to stay in step with the needs of their customers, as they continually are struggling to make their own internal systems reflect external reality. For the manufacturers who can manage this transition, they are able to survive in turbulent industries. STS-based frameworks are invaluable in defining why certain companies in general and manufacturers specifically are able to regain agility and stay focused on market dynamics while others wither and eventually exist markets and eventually go out of business. The premise of companies who are able to manage uncertainty and turbulence is that they have used STS-based concepts to balance their social and technical subsystems without overcompensating on either. An ancillary finding from completing this analysis is that the cultural integrity and resiliency of any organization can over time be predicted by the balance of social and technical subsystem balance or equilibrium (Manz, Stewart, 1997). A proposed Socio-Technical Equilibrium Model For Enterprise Systems has been created based on insights from this analysis and is shown in Figure 1. One of the most significant findings is that while data and system integration is often consider essential for enabling greater transaction accuracy, efficiency and process performance it also has a strong cultural effect on social subsystems throughout organizations (Carlsson, Henningsson, Hrastinski, Keller, 2011). The proposed Socio-Technical Equilibrium Model For Enterprise Systems seeks to illustrate graphically how organizations can be more agile and responsive to market requirements by aligning their social and technical subsystems for greater information and knowledge transfer across broad functional and strategic boundaries. The consensus of the research completed for this analysis illustrates how divided and conflicting social and technical subsystems are throughout organizations however (Carlsson, Henningsson, Hrastinski, Keller, 2011). The literature review also highlighted that across all enterprise systems, the ERP platforms had the most divisive effect on corporate cultures, fragmenting them across functional and strategy areas, creating information siloes in the process (Carlsson, Henningsson, Hrastinski, Keller, 2011). Ironically ERP systems have a balkanization effect on companies instead of a unifying one. Using a more equilibrium-based approach to balancing technical and social subsystems throughout an organization by using role-based ERP systems that have systems of record defined by strategy and not by functional areas shows significant potential to avert organizational and cultural clashes that occur when a siloed approach to defining how a given technical subsystem supports socially-based processes. The capability of any organization to overcome the limitations of its IT structure and still attain a congruency across technical and social subsystems is critical for STS-based frameworks to deliver value throughout an enterprise (Appelbaum, 1997).
Essay Doctorate
Canned Food Fournier Describes Consumers as Having
Fournier describes consumers as having relationships with different brands. What Fournier means by this is that for any given brand, consumers ascribe to that brand a distinct set of attributes.
Essay Doctorate
Sports and Education While Research Has Shown
While research has shown that participating in high school sports has a positive correlation with academic performance, these studies have missed key details regarding high school sports programs, thus skewing the…
Paper Doctorate
Gun Control Has Been a Controversial Subject
Gun control has been a controversial subject for the public and the government. Obama administration has come under attack for its silence on the issue. In September 2008, the president promised people that he wouldn't…
Paper Undergraduate
Dentistry What Factors Would You
Periodontal disease is very prevalent in today's society. There are some factors like age and gender than cannot be modified in relation to the disease. But there are others like smoking that can be. A person should get regular dental check ups in order to prevent and or treat gum disease.
Paper Undergraduate
Case Study Solution for Twin Oaks Hospital
I'm writing as a reply to the Board of Overseers on the issues raised in the last Board Meeting: unionization of personnel, increase of salaries and shortage of janitors. After a complete analysis, the results show that…
Paper Doctorate
Long-term memory research proposal in non-primate animals
The most fascinating of all abilities of life on Earth is the utilization of memory to survive. Memory can be utilized by animals, insects, reptiles, and even fish to find food and shelter.