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2007). Bladder management issues were also described as under-discussed and under-treated during the pregnancy, despite the observed commonality of these occurrences among pregnant women (Butterfield et al. 2007). This indicates a definite lack of discussion regarding the issue between midwives and their patients, which is a situation that itself must be resolved in order to address the problem of bladder incontinence in pregnant and post-natal women. Without developing a greater awareness of the issue in the midwife community, the seeking out of best practices and interventions for addressing the issue cannot be accomplished; greater assessment for bladder incontinence is definitely needed in order for successful and widespread applications of these strategies in both midwife and nursing practice to be accomplished (Butterfield et al. 2007).
At the same time, research itself must become better defined and more unified in regards to this issue, with clear ethical and empirical guidelines established that…
References
Birch, L.; Doyle, P.; Ellis, R. & Hogard, E. (2009). Failure to void in labour: postnatal urinary and anal incontinence." British Journal of Midwifery 17(9), pp. 562-6.
Butterfield, Y.; O'Connel, B. & Phillips, D. (2007). "Peripartum urinary incontinence: A study of midwives' knowledge and practices." Women and birth 20, pp. 65-9.
Dahlen, H.; Homer, C.; Cooke, M.; Upton, A.; Nunn, R. & Brodick, B. (2007). "Perineal Outcomes and Maternal Comfort Related to the Application of Perineal Warm Packs in the Second Stage of Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Birth 3(4), pp. 282-90
Dannecker, C; Wolf, V.; Raab, R.; Hepp, H. & Anthuber, C. (2005). "EMG-biofeedback assisted pelvic floor muscle training is an effective therapy of stress urinary or mixed incontinence: a 7-year experience with 390 patients." Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 273(2), pp. 93-7.
Midwife's Tale by Laurel Ulrich. The author of this paper explores the book, the film and a web site about the story to compare and contrast the three. Using information from each source we are given the opportunity to evaluate the importance each site places on certain events and beliefs.
A MIDWIE'S TALE
Throughout history, we have used archived and discovered journals to help us piece together what happened before us. Many slavery accounts came from former slaves, while many accounts of politics came from the journals of politicians. Rarely, however, do we get a look at the pure way of life for the average poor American. A Midwife's Tale, is a recreation of the actual diary pages of Martha Ballard. Ballard lived in the 18th century and recorded many of the every day ways of life that she witnessed. Years later we are fascinated to learn what her life…
For someone interested in studying the life of Martha Ballard, utilizing all three venues would give the most thorough answers. However, if one has to choose a single method, the book would probably allow for the best understanding. It gives the reader a chance to see all the details, without having to decipher spelling and without having to miss out on crucial events because of time constraints. Whether seeing the movie or reading the book or visiting the web site one will get a sense of what a strong and intelligent woman Martha Ballard was. She was a feminist without a cause. She was someone who led her life as she saw fit with little regard for public opinion on independent women. She gave 27 years to helping others and because she recorded her daily life she will spend the future continuing to educate.
Midwife's Tale accessed 2-11-2002) http://www.dohistory.org/diary/themes/purrinton/index.html )
Ulrich, Thatcher, Laurel. A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812 (Vintage Books 1991).
Midwife's Tale," by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich and "Narrative in the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave," by Frederick Douglass. Specifically, it will show how these individuals lived in very different social and cultural worlds, including Ballad's private world and Douglass' very public world, but it will also show they had more in common than it might seem.
TO DIFFERENT ORLDS
It goes without saying these two people lived entirely different lives. Martha Ballard grew up in New England, surrounded by her family. She was born in 1735, and died in 1812. She witnessed the American Revolution, and helped at the birth of over 800 children. She knew her mother and father, and was surrounded by relatives who lived in the Kennebec area. Frederick Douglass on the other hand, only saw his mother five or six times before she died when he was seven. He was separated from her when…
Works Cited
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. New York: Dover Publications, 1995.
Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.
life story of the author's grandmother and her experience bearing children. The writer of this paper presents a look at the facilities and the methods that were used with the grandmother and compares and contrasts them to the methods described in the Midwife's Tale.
NOT SO LONG AGO
The woman who was chosen for this interview is named Mildred Potase. She is the biological grandmother to the author of the paper, and she agreed to be interviewed for this project. Medical science has advanced so quickly in the last century, that the way women used to give birth, compared to the way they do so in more recent years is vastly different. However, the prenatal care was not always different, as many women preferred the care of a midwife over the care of a licensed medical doctor. This is a fad that seem to come in and out of popularity,…
WORK CITED
Midwife's Tale
Interview With Mildred Potase.
Community Midwife Situation
This is a personal account based on my experience during a postnatal visit to a home where a new mother had given birth, in the town where I live. My own visit was because I was accompanying a midwife and observing the steps that the midwife takes. But while I was in the house I witnessed a situation with a young mother and a midwife that caused me considerable concern. This is a reflective account of that situation, and what should have been done, what could have been done, what are the correct steps a midwife should take to care for a primagravidae mother who is having problems getting her newborn girl to breastfeed -- all of those issues will be discussed and critiqued in this paper.
Home Births, Breastfeeding, Paperwork, and Priorities
Home Births: It is not a unique idea to give birth at home. I…
Works Cited
MacDorman, M.F., Matthews, T.J., and Declercq, E. (2012). Home Births in the United States,
1990 -- 2009. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Munroe, S. (2011). Midwife Duties & Responsibilities. The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 3, 2013, from http://work.chron.com/midwife-duties-responsibilities-21928.html .
Community Midwife
It occurs every day and everywhere. It happens whether accidentally or intentionally, meticulously planned or not at all, and to those of an elder age or younger demographic. The birth of a new life requires aid during the process, along with receiving assistance before and post pregnancy. Individuals offering such service are known as a midwife. The World Health Organization or WHO recognizes midwifery as a role that "encompasses care of women during pregnancy, labour, and the postpartum period, as well as care of the newborn."
Community midwives vary from those that work in hospitals. The former are involved from the beginning by scheduling the initial appointments, and manage and administer the workings of the clinic. As well, community midwives are present during the postnatal care at the mother's home, and are there for home births. Community midwives are to see women who are newly pregnant and take…
References
BBC - Health: Antenatal care . (n.d.). BBC - Homepage. Retrieved January 2, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/pregnancy/pregnancy_antenatalcare.shtml
Barger, M. (2005). Midwifery Practice: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?: Future Challenges. J Midwifery Womens Health, 50, 87-90.
Buhler, L., Glick, N., & Sheps, S. (1988). Prenatal care: a comparative evaluation of nurse-midwives and family physicians.. CMAJ, 139, 397-403.
Community Midwives, LLC - safety of homebirth. (n.d.). www.smallcomputerprojects.com. Retrieved January 2, 2012, from http://www.smallcomputerprojects.com/cnm/safety.html
Cushman, Karen. The Midwife's Apprentice. New York: Clarion ooks, 1995.
Plot Summary: A young girl who knows herself only as rat is all alone in the world. About twelve years old, she keeps herself alive by stealing and begging food. She buries herself in dung piles to keep warm while she sleeps. In the small village in England during the Middle Ages where the story takes place, local boys tease her and call her "dung beetle."
One morning Jane Sharp, the midwife, finds her and takes rat on as helper in exchange for a little food and shelter. The midwife is tough, mean, greedy, and stingy. She works the girl hard and gives her no more than she has to keep her alive. The girl makes friends with a cat who she names Purr, and feeds and protects from the village boys. One day the girl begins to value herself…
Bibliography
http://www.soemadison.wisc.edu/ccbc/midwife.htm (April1, 2002).
Sense of Her Own Worth. http://www.sct.org/stage/p_midwife5.html (March31, 2002).
To Be Someone: Words of Wisdom from Women Writers. http://www.sct.org/stage/p_midwife4.html
Expression of Interest: Community Midwifery Program
As a midwife, I am well aware of the fact that for every family that brings a new child into the world, that child is a miracle. No matter how often I assist with a birth, I feel grateful for my choice of career. Being a part of the Community Midwifery Program would enable me to help women who might not otherwise be able to afford or have access to a midwife take control over the birthing process. Being able to exercise autonomy over how they give birth is a tremendously empowering experience for pregnant women and their families. This would enable me to assume a role in Malta's first community-based programs for midwives.
At present, I am currently completing my degree in Community Midwifery. I chose to pursue further education in this specialization despite the fact that I already practice as a midwife…
The only real issue facing the practice and acceptance of midwifery in the United States is the lack of standardization. Widely varying conceptions of proper midwife practices and expectations exist in the literature and among practitioners and institutions, making licensing and the validation of midwives and bodies of midwifery knowledge very difficult (Kennedy et al. 2003). Without this standardization and the validation capabilities that it leads to, it will be highly difficult for the midwifery professionals to be accepted by the medical community as the truly valuable resources they are. Many other countries have already adopted standardizations for midwifery practice, and if the United States were to follow suit it would be a giant bon to the practice of midwifery both domestically and internationally, raising awareness of midwifery practices and benefits in the general public and establishing higher quality and more stringent standards for midwife professionals.
This will also greatly…
References
Kennedy, a., Rousseau, a. & Low, L. (2003). "An exploratory metasynthesis of midwifery practice in the United States." Midwifery 19(3), pp. 203-14.
1996, p. 165). A study which questions the formal medical model of birth and suggests the important and often neglected role of the midwife is, Complicated pregnancy? find a midwife ( 2005). The study refers to a recent Swedish study published in the Journal of Perinatal Education which deals with the theory of midwifery care. Key aspects of this model include "…protection of a woman's individuality, promotion of a deep-rooted knowledge of childbirth, and support for a balance of the natural and medical perspectives" ( Star, 2005, p.23), the researchers determined that "…both normal and high-risk pregnancies benefit from midwifery care" ( Star, 2005, p.23)
If we take the theoretical trajectory suggested by the above articles and relate it studies of requests for cesarean section, we find some interesting results. In a study entitled Elective Cesarean Section and Decision Making: A Critical eview of the Literature (2007) it was found…
References
Castlenovo G. Mary Breckinridge (1881-1965). Retrieved from http://www.nursingadvocacy.org/press/pioneers/breckinridge.html
Lee a. And Kirkman M. ( 2008) Disciplinary Discourses: Rates of Cesarean
Section Explained by Medicine, Midwifery, and Feminism. Melbourne Health Care for Women International, 29, pp.448 -- 467.
Harvey S. et al. ( 1966) Randomized, Controlled Trial of Nurse-Midwifery Care
NICE Guidelines -- Midwives during postpartum
The ole of Midwife per NICE Guidelines
Pregnancy and childbirth is, in the majority of cases, a normal life event that proceeds to an uncomplicated outcome and can be effectively managed by a skilled midwife attendant. This also extends to assisting new mothers with postpartum care. The midwife is recognized as a responsible and accountable professional who can give the necessary support, care and advice during the postpartum period and provide the necessary care for the infant.
NICE guidelines recommend that new mothers and infants not be separated within the first hour. The midwife should encourage skin-to-skin contact -- before asking about feeding methods. If breastfeeding is the mother's preference, it should be encouraged within the first hour. During the first 24 hours after childbirth, midwives should ensure the woman's well-being and care by documenting blood pressure results and first urine voids within the…
Reference
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2012) Postnatal Care Pathway [Online]. Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/10988/30144/30144.pdf . [Accessed: 19 September 2012].
Nursing Organizations
The purpose, mission, activities, benefits, and target audience of two professional nursing organizations: The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners and the American College of Nurse Midwives
A nurse beginning her medical career will likely want to join an organization that can support her throughout her tenure in the profession. On a personal level, professional organizations provide a source of continuing education and networking. On a professional level, organizations such as the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) and the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) act as advocates for the interests of professionals. They demand that nurses' unique areas of expertise are honored and treated with respect, and that the interests of children and their parents are honored. hen selecting which organization to join, however, a nurse must ask herself this critical, soul-searching question: what area is her primary field of practice? Does the nurse seek…
Works Cited
"About ACNM." American College of Nurse Midwives. [23 May 2012]
http://www.midwife.org/index.asp?sid=19
"About us." National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. [23 May 2012]
http://www.napnap.org/aboutUs.aspx
Home/ater Birth
An Analysis of the Benefits of Home/ater Birth
Like all decisions to be made regarding the birth of a child, there are pros and cons that go along with them. This paper will look at the pros and cons of home/water birth, from a legal, moral, social and ethical perspective, and show why home/water birth with a midwife is a positive, low risk alternative.
There are many points to consider when contemplating home/water birth. The first is that water birth takes place in a spot where many women find the most relaxation, a tub of warm water. "Some moms go through the labor in the water, but get out when it's time for the delivery," according to Pregnancy RX. Other moms deliver right in the water. Either option is available for women choosing water birth. Some other pros worth mentioning are:
First, the baby before it is delivered…
Works Cited
Citizens for Midwifery. 2008. Web. 4 May 2011.
"Maternity Care: A Priority for Health Care Reform." Citizens for Midwifery. Jan 2009. Web. 4 May 2011.
"Midwives." American Pregnancy Association. 2011. Web. 4 May 2011.
"The Pros and Cons of Water Birth." Pregnancy RX. 2010. Web. 4 May 2011.
Martha Ballard and Harriet Jacobs
When we talk about Martha Ballard and Harriet Jacobs, we have to remember that both were the pathfinders for women in the occupation that they had undertaken. As a nurse, it may be true that Martha Ballard cannot be compared with Florence Nightingale, but at the same time, one has to remember that the social background of Florence Nightingale was totally different from Harriet Bleacher. The nursing jobs that were done by them were also in totally different spheres and were it not for the famous diaries of Martha Ballard; she may have remained unknown and unsung. To a certain extent, the story of Martha Ballard and Harriet Jacobs are the same as both of them came up from the lower strata of society and probably Harriet Jacobs was worse positioned having been a slave. Again her story has collected from her own efforts --…
References
A Midwife's Tale by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich. Retrieved from http://dohistory.org/book/100_introduction_txt.html Accessed 15 September, 2005
Harriet Jacobs. Retrieved from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Sjacobs.htm Accessed 16 September, 2005
Leinhard, John. H. Martha Ballard, Mid-Wife. Retrieved from http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1035.htm Accessed 15 September, 2005
John. H. Leinhard. Martha Ballard, Mid-Wife. Retrieved from
The National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists - The NACNS was founded in 1995, specifically to enhance and promote the unique and high-value contributions that clinical nurses make to the health and well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities in their particular branch of healthcare. They also have a foundation, scholarship programs, a journal and discussion portal, various levels of conferences, scholarship programs, honors and awards, and the ability for advanced certification. A Clinical Nurse Specialist is a licensed N who has graduate preparation (MA or PhD) in nursing specifically as a Clinical Nurse Specialist. This field of healthcare goes beyond the duties of an LPN or N, or even charge nurse, and deals with either advanced levels of clinical specialization, or broader, community and national health concerns. The field requires a rather significant academic bent, and the association is designed to support and enhance that paradigm focus (CNS -…
REFERENCES
About ENA. (2010, January). Retrieved October 2010, from Emergency Nurses Association: http://www.ena.org/about/Pages/Default.aspx
About the ACNM. (2010, February). Retrieved from American College of Nurse-Midwives: http://www.midwife.org/members.cfm
CNS - Who We Are and What We Do. (2010, January). Retrieved October 2010, from National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists: http://www.nacns.org/AboutNACNS/MissionStatement/tabid/57/Default.aspx
Kozier, B., Erb, G. & Blais, K. (1997), Professional nursing practice (3rd edition),
A work of non-fiction does not have to be about a person, however. Non-fiction work can include theories of social studies, presented in interesting and new ways. Non-fiction is tremendously helpful in lesson planning because the prose elucidates issues in subjects like science and social studies.
Question 6: Although she is not remembered as a major figure in the Civil Rights Movement, Marian Anderson's life contributed to some of the reforms that African-American citizens demanded. Discuss how her voice "challenged" a nation.
Marian Anderson was an accomplished African-American singer. Anderson broke the color barrier in the arts, just as Jackie Robinson did in sports. Anderson's success challenged prevailing social norms, as she became a visible figure in America's most elite concert halls. Anderson began indirectly using her voice as a political tool, channeling her success into achieving broader civil rights goals.
Question 7: Describe how the city of Philadelphia, its…
Works Cited
American Library Association. "Terms and Criteria." Retrieved Dec 8, 2009 from http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/newberymedal/newberyterms/newberyterms.cfm
"Yellow Fever Attacks, 1793" Eye Witness to History. Retrieved Dec 8, 2009 from http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/yellowfever.htm
Her role can be compared easily to that of a modern nurse vs. The paternalistic doctor.
Studying Martha Ballard and women like her round out the historical canon by offering insight into what the other fifty percent of the population experienced. Too often, women's stories are untold because illiteracy, social stigma, or sheer work burdens prevented them from being able to write down what they saw, and how they perceived the world. omen rarely served in any position of appreciable social or political power except for their being valued as procreators. Incorporating female voices into historiography is incredibly important for historical accuracy. History has been a male narrative and females are secondary: they are sidebars or trite tales that soften the bellicose sting of human progress. Female narratives also encourage critical thought, helping students of history to question the roles of women and the social norms and institutions that create…
Works Cited
Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. "A Midwife's Tale." New York: Alfred a. Knopf, 1990.
Sensitive Issues in Nursing -- Loss of Pregnancy
Nursing
At least 2.5 single spaced pages. Do not double space. Put answers in boxes. Each answer at least one solid paragraph, make boxes longer if necessary.
Format for Research Article Critique Name:
Directions: The purpose of this assignment is to review a research article and determine how it impacts nursing practice. Use this form to analyze the relevance of the research to nursing practice. APA format for the research critiques are required only for the citation for the article. The answers to the questions do not have to be written in APA format, but do need to be in complete sentences.
Caelli, PhD, K., Downie, PhD, J., & Letendre, A. (2002). Parent's experiences of midwife-managed care following the loss of a baby in a previous pregnancy. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39(2), 127 -- 136.
Read the article. Write a one paragraph…
Euthyphro, Socrates questions Euthyphro about his proposed course of action concerning his father. Explain in detail the reason given by Euthyphro.
"In the Euthyphro, where Socrates and Euthyphro wrestle with the concept of holiness, the substantive part of the conversation begins with the typical Socratic question: 'Tell me then, what do you say that holiness is, and what, unholiness?'" (5c)" (Navia 102). In the dialogue, the self-proclaimed pious Euthyphro is made to stand in for unquestioned religious orthodoxy, an orthodoxy which is interrogated over the course of the dialogue in Euthyphro's guise (Navia 115). The young man Euthyphro states that he is bringing forth a case against his father for the death of a slave. The slave died of exposure after the father bound the man and threw him in a ditch after the slave himself was accused of murder. Euthyphro first defines his action of prosecution as piety itself.…
Work Cited
Navia, Louis E. Socrates: A Life Examined. Prometheus Books, 2007.
Health Care Professions: Issues and Questions
I believe that health care is indeed a right for all people. Just as personal and public safety is a right that we all believe in, ascribe to, and pay to uphold, so we should also protect the right to be healthy. It is the nation's job to help create an existence for its citizens that is free from disease and other forms of harm. The government does this in other concrete ways for its people, such as by providing definitive means of protection through a police force and through legislation to protect public and personal safety. Thus the health and wellness safety of its people needs to be treated as equally important. Those who oppose a pervasive and comprehensive healthcare system for all (and with it, the taxes that come to all in order to afford such a system) often argue that sick…
References
Boseley, S. (2005, December 19). UK agencies still hiring poorest nations' nurses. Retrieved from theguardian.com: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/dec/20/health.politics
Roy, A. (2013, March 28). Yes, Health Care is a Right -- An Individual Right. Retrieved from Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/theapothecary/2013/03/28/yes-health-care-is-a-right-an-individual-right/
Nurse practitioners receive employment within the context of IP or interprofessional teams worldwide (Hurlock-Chorostecki, Forchuk, Orchard, van Soeren, & eeves, 2013). The 2013 article seeks to describe the role of the nurse practitioner within the IP team and how the NP augments care processes. The authors attempt to examine the NP role via utilization of a constructivist grounded theory approach. The authors created a two-part study with the larger phase of the study comparing and integrating collected data.
They examined seventeen HB NPs all over Ontario, Canada using individual interviews as a main source of qualitative data collection. The role of the NP has a strong emphasis on team working and patient care. In essence, NPs promote IP work and enable collaboration as well as teamwork levels. Furthermore, they promote cohesion within the IP team. This is the first study of its kind to use the IP framework to examine…
References
Board, T. (2014). Are Midwives Safer Than Doctors?. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 29 July 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/15/opinion/are-midwives-safer-than-doctors.html
Cook, E., Avery, M., & Frisvold, M. (2014). Formulating Evidence-Based Guidelines for Certified Nurse-Midwives and Certified Midwives Attending Home Births. Journal Of Midwifery & Women's Health, 59(2), 153-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12142
Hurlock-Chorostecki, C., Forchuk, C., Orchard, C., van Soeren, M., & Reeves, S. (2013). Labour saver or building a cohesive interprofessional team? The role of the nurse practitioner within hospitals.Journal Of Interprofessional Care, 28(3), 260-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2013.867838
Jauhar, S. (2014). Nurses Are Not Doctors. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/30/opinion/nurses-are-not-doctors.html
Mary Breckinridge
The history of maternity nursing in many ways echoes that of other types of nursing, although it is arguable that improvements in the quality of nursing care have had an even greater impact that improvements in other arenas of health-care. This paper examines one of the nurses who was instrumental in improving maternal health care through changes and improvements in maternity nursing, Mary Breckenridge, a nurse-midwife who helped to established a neonatal health-care that dramatically reduced the mortality rates of both mothers and infants.
Humans have nursed each other since the beginning of the species - indeed attempts to care for other individuals to help reduce their pain and increase their overall health are seen in a wide range of primates: Nursing is arguably something that is encoded in our very genes. However, modern nursing can realistically trace its roots only to the 19th century, which is where…
References
Encyclopedia Britannica
http://www.efn.org/~djz/birth/add695/birthassis.html
http://dialogues.rutgers.edu/pdf_files/j_laor.pdf .
A www.birthsource.com www.frontiernursing.org/history
'? 17 but the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men-children alive? 18 and the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them: 'Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men-children alive?'? 19 and the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.'? 20 and God dealt well with the midwives; and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty? 21 and it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that He made them houses. (Exodus 1: 15-21)
The lord does not speak here of the Hebrew male children as being alive before their birth, instead he speaks of the favor he gives to the midwives who save the Hebrew male children at their birth,…
References
A Hebrew - English Bible According to the Masoretic Text and the JPS 1917 Edition (2005) retrieved December 10, 2010 from: http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0.htm
Maternal Risk Entity
Is there anything more important to a family -- and to the community of interest around that family -- than the safe and healthy delivery of the brand new baby and its mother? Modern medicine has provided technologies and training to alleviate many of the risks vis-a-vis mother and infant, however there is never going to be a situation absolutely free of potential risks surrounding pregnancy, childbirth, and the post-pregnancy period. Hence, nurses and physicians and other healthcare professionals must stay informed and be fully prepared to come up with solutions when risky situations occur. This paper presents the peer-reviewed literature on several maternal risks and there possible remedies.
Infants' Risks in Late Preterm Births
In the peer-reviewed journal Birth, the authors point out that the preterm birth rate has risen from 10.6 births in 1990 to 12.8% in 2006 -- a twenty percent increase (Kirby, et…
Works Cited
Hooker, L., Ward, B., and Verrinder, G. (2012). Domestic violence screening in maternal and child health nursing practice: A scoping review. Contemporary Nurse, 42(3), 198-215.
Kirby, R.S., and Wingate, M.S. (2010). Late Preterm Birth and Neonatal Outcome: Is 37 Weeks'
Gestation a Threshold Level or a Road Market on the Highway of Perinatal Risk? Birth, 37(2)
169-171.
Nursing Theories Practices
Nursing Theories
Sister Callista oy initiated the Adaptation Model of Nursing in 1976. The theory has since then evolved to be one of the prominent nursing theories. The nursing theory defines and explains the nursing care provisions. The model by oy sees an individual as a composite of systems with an interrelationship (including biological, social, and psychological). According to Haaf (2008), a person strives towards retaining a balance across the systems and the outside world, although absolute balance levels do not exist. Individuals work towards living in unique bands that they can adequately cope. The model has four major concepts of environment, person, nursing, and health and its application has six steps.
According to Kraszeski & McEwen (2010), a person is a representation of societal standards, principles, or focus. oy's model positions the individual as the bio-psychosocial being throughout a continually changing environment. The person allows for…
References
Butts, J.B., & Rich, K., (2012). Nursing Ethics: Across the Curriculum and Into Practice. New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Clark, C., (2008). Creative Nursing Leadership and Management. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Clarke, V., & Walsh, A., (eds) (2009). Fundamentals of mental health nursing. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Cowen, M. Maier, P. Price, G. (2009). Study skills for nursing and healthcare students. Harlow: Pearson Longman.
The heat is oppressive and because of that heat Holloway had to endure "an overpowering stench" in the birthing room. alking into that room on a day that was probably over 100 degrees Holloway (p. 6) said the building "was like an oven, baking all the secretions [from pregnant and post-partum women] into a rank casserole" (p. 6). Holloway said she felt like she was "drowning in the smell of flesh, body fluids, and leftover food" -- all made more aromatically spicy by the torrid head in the dry season.
The fierce storms that arrive in rainy season have a huge impact on the village and on the story that Holloway is telling. In many countries, the rainy season would be a blessing after a long, hot dry spell. But the rains that arrive in Mali as the rainy season started are terrifying. "I was startled out of my thoughts…
Works Cited
Holloway, Kris. (2007). Monique and the Mango Rains: Two Years with a midwife
In Mali. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
Business of Being Born
The movie The Business of Being Born delves into the industry of birth in the United States. The movie seeks to tackle two basic angles regarding the nature of birth and whether it should be treated as a natural and normal process or as a medical emergency requiring intense intervention.
The documentary, produced by famous TV talk show host Ricki Lake and Abby Epstein, investigates how the landscape of birth is changing as the social climate has evolved; the view of birth has become clouded by forces of fear, money, overreliance on doctors and an eagerness to treat the birthing process as a medical condition.
The film offers sobering statistics on how the U.S. has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the developed world along with second-worst newborn death rate of any industrialized nation. While midwives are commonplace in Japan and Europe, only 8%…
Ancient Egyptian Gynecology
In ancient Egypt, sex was open and untainted by guilt. It was considered an important part of life and both single and married couples had sex. Ancient Egyptian religious shows signs of adultery, incest, homosexuality, masturbation and necrophilia. Masculinity and femininity were strongly linked with the ability to conceive and bear children.
Ancient Egyptians saw fertile women as the most attractive ones. A woman who had children was believed to be more fortunate than a woman without children. Similarly, men who bore children were seen as more masculine than those who did not.
The Egyptians enjoyed close family relationships in Egyptian mythology. The fact that they had no taboo against incest leads to the conclusion that incest may have been normal in ancient Egypt.
Egyptian men had false penises attached to their mummies while Egyptian women had artificial nipples attached. oth would become fully functional in the…
Bibliography
Antelme, Ruth...(et al.). Sacred Sexuality in Ancient Egypt: The Erotic Secrets of the Forbidden Papyrus. Inner Traditions 1997.
Women In History. Encyclopedia Britannica 2001. http://www.britannica.com/women/articles/contraception.html
Tour Egypt Website 1996. http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag05012001/magf4.htm
Lesko, Barbara. The Remarkable Women of Ancient Egypt. Scribe 1987.
Merrill, in the UK. Following his experience with heart surgery using innovating surgical techniques, the physician noted the problems he experienced in understanding all of his alternatives compared to a simpler earlier procedure, and finally trusted to the advice of his cardiologist to surgically intervene. In response to the experience, Dr. Merrill emphasized that, "As a physician talking to colleagues, I had the best information possible under the circumstances. But it wasn't the same as my hernia repair. The experience brought home to me the realization that the progress of medicine has made informed consent impossible -- even for me" (Merrill 1999: 190).
ationale of Study
Taken together, the foregoing issues indicate that there is an ongoing need for an assessment of knowledge levels of informed consent among perioperative nurses and operating department practitioners. Perioperative nurses and operating department practitioners, though, are frequently subjected to an enormous amount of stress…
References
Calloway, S.J. (2009) 'The Effect of Culture on Beliefs Related to Autonomy and Informed
Consent.' Journal of Cultural Diversity 16(2): 68-69.
Cobb, W.G. (2005) 'Defending the Informed Consent Case.' Defense Counsel Journal 72(4):
330-331.
However, women also receive labor support even when its starts at a later stage in labor, in settings with companions of their choice, and settings with routine epidural. The supportive care provided to women during labor and birth through the one-to-one nursing includes various processes like provision of physical comfort and information and emotional support. The other processes include assisting women to communicate to caregivers and engaging members of their family as desired by the woman.
As an important part of one-to-one nursing during stages of labor and delivery, continuous support during childbirth enhances the normal labor processes while lessening the use of obstetric interventions. Therefore, this kind of support is an exceptional element of maternity care that provides well-established incentives and has no identified disadvantages.
Enhancement of Spontaneous Vaginal Birth:
Since continuous one-to-one nursing support during childbirth enables women to avoid analgesia or anesthesia and cesarean surgery, it's vital…
References:
Barrett, S.J. & Stark, M.A. (2010). Factors Associated With Labor Support Behaviors of Nurses.
Journal of Perinatal Education, 19(1), 12-18. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820357/
"Chapter 5 -- Care During Labour and Birth." (n.d.). Family-Centered Maternity and Newborn
Care: National Guidelines. Retrieved from Public Health Agency of Canada website: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-ps/dca-dea/publications/fcm-smp/fcmc-smpf-05-eng.php#careduring
Moreover, according to neonatal physicians, at least one out of every three- hundred uncomplicated deliveries become complicated when a prolapsed umbilical cord precedes the infant through the birth canal. In such situations, midwives are trained to push the infant's head back into the birth canal to avoid cutting off oxygen to the infant, but in many cases, an emergency Cesarean section is required and the risks associated with the (now complicated) delivery increase substantially because the hand pressure on the infant's head must be maintained until arrival at the delivery room to prevent serious complications and lifelong consequences if the umbilical cord is not kept clear of the pressure being exerted by the contractions forcing the infant out. Physicians specializing in obstetrics relate that they have had to scramble to save the lives of both mother and child after home birthing attempts became complicated, unnecessarily risking the life and welfare…
Works Cited
Calhoun, a. (2008). Giving Birth at Home: Amid high-tech interventions, old- fashioned labor is gaining appeal. Time Magazine; August 18, 2008 (pp. 54-55).
Dr. Semmelweis understood that the hands of physicians and students carried "cadavers' poisons" and infected the genital organs of women in childbirth (Costa, 2002, p. 669). To address the problem, Dr. Semmelweis made a cleansing agent of chlorinated lime solution and ordered all doctors and students wash their hands prior to delivery and vaginal examination. The results were remarkable, and the mortality rate of post-delivery mothers dropped from 18% to less than 3% in the First Division (Costa, 2002). Although Dr. Semmelweis's findings were not widely accepted into medical practice until the turn of the century, his understanding of skin-to-skin germ transmission and hygiene promotion allowed for countless lives to be saved, and delivering in sanitary environments remains the greatest practice to prevent puerperal fever.
eferences
Best, M., & Neuhauser, D. (2004). Ignaz Semmelweis and the birth of infection control. Quality and Safety in Healthcare, 13, 233-234. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2004.010918
Carter,…
References
Best, M., & Neuhauser, D. (2004). Ignaz Semmelweis and the birth of infection control. Quality and Safety in Healthcare, 13, 233-234. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2004.010918
Carter, K., & Carter, B. (2005). Childbed fever: A scientific biography of ignaz semmelweis. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Costa, C. (2002). "the contagiousness of childbed fever": a short history of puerperal sepsis and its treatment. Medical Journal of Australia, 177, 668-671.
Dolea, C., & Stein, C. Evidence and Information for Policy. (2003). Global burden of maternal sepsis in the year 2000. Geneva: World Health Organization.
In colonial America, formal education for girls historically has been secondary to that for boys. In colonial America girls learned to read and write at dame schools. They could attend the master's schools for boys when there was room, usually during the summer when most of the boys were working. (Women's International Center)
During the latter half of the Republic Era, rapid economic growth presented new opportunities for northern white women. Previously limited to homework or to household-related jobs like cleaning and cooking, some young women now became school teachers or mill workers. One destination for young farm women was the Lowell mills in Massachusetts, at the falls of the Merrimac River. An unnamed rural crossroads in 1823, Lowell by 1830 boasted ten mills and three thousand operatives, nearly all of them female. (oyer)
eginning in the 19th century, the required educational preparation, particularly for the practice of medicine, increased.…
Bibliography
Boyer, Paul S. "Early Republic, Era of the." 2001. encyclopedia.com. 20 February 2009 http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-EarlyRepublicEraofthe.html .
Do History. "Who Was Martha Ballard?" n.d. Do History. 19 February 2009 http://dohistory.org/martha/index.html .
Lewis, Jone Johnson. "Women and Work in Early America." n.d. about.com. 20 February 2009 http://womenshistory.about.com/od/worklaborunions/a/early_america.htm .
PBS. "Martha Ballard's Diary." n.d. PBS. 19 February 2009 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/midwife/gallery/index.html .
Instead, he challenges the reliability of the person who claims knowledge, by asking him for a definition that would hold for all circumstances. The point is not to ascertain whether he is right in this case, but to see whether his claim could hold for every case. This is close to the skeptical issue, but deceptively so."(Benson, 87) in the Socratic view therefore, knowledge is perceived as the greatest possible virtue of the soul. Thus, it is through knowledge that a person may distinguish between right and wrong and thus act virtuously. The process of attaining knowledge is nevertheless an arduous one, not being easily available to its seekers. The role of philosophy is thus central to the proper functioning of the human society since it is comparable to the practice midwifery in that it helps to deliver man from perplexity and allow truth to be born in the mind.…
Works Cited
Benson, Hugh H. Essays on the Philosophy of Socrates. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Plato. The Republic. London: Oxford University Press,1945.
The Collected Dialogues of Plato, Including the Letters, ed. By Edith Hamilton and Hungtinton Cairns. New York: Pantheon Books, 1961.
Socrates (c. 470 B.C.-399 B.C.)." DISCovering Biography. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003
Nursing Culture: Overcoming Barriers to Change
Introduction and Theoretical Framework
This program of study continues personal research and professional practice in the field of nursing within the area of public and private health systems. In an era characterized by increasing calls for more efficient approaches to healthcare delivery and accountability on the part of healthcare providers, there is a growing need for identifying opportunities to overcome organizational barriers to change that facilitate the implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practices over time. In order to accomplish this challenging enterprise, the nature of existing organizational barriers must be better understood, an issue that directly relates to the problem to be considered by the study proposed herein and which is discussed further below.
Statement of the Problem
According to Mannion, Davies and Marshall et al. (2005), the results of much of the research to date have identified a relationship between nursing culture and…
References
Banyard, V.L., & Miller, K.E. (1998). The powerful potential of qualitative research for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(4), 485.
Burton, S., & Steane, P. (2004). Surviving your thesis. New York: Routledge.
Dennis, C., & Harris, L. (2002). Marketing the e-business. London: Routledge.
Department of Health. (2000). The NHS plan: A plan for investment, a plan for reform. London:
Nursing Staff at the Coronary Care Unit Division
Competence refers to a set of demonstrated abilities, skills, attitudes, knowledge, and values underlying effectual, safe, and top-quality performance in any occupation/profession. Ongoing competence refers to midwives' and nurses' ability to demonstrate that they have sustained competence within their present field of practice. Midwives and nurses are only capable of doing this if they have access to an environment that facilitates efficient, effective, and high-quality patient care. Self-evaluation must involve reflection, peer review, patient and patient outcome evaluation, and critical incident assessment. Though the National Registration Standard does not mandate peer reviews of competence in nursing, it is an unbiased performance assessment for nurses against National Competency Standards (Continuing Competence, 2013).
An in-depth evaluation of the National Health Service (NHS) Staff Survey of2009 revealed that scarcely under three-fourths (72%) of staff members have accepted the option of flexibility in working hours. The…
Bibliography
ANF. (2005). Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. Melbourne: Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia.
Bach, S. (2009). Communication and Interpersonal Skills for Nurses. Learning Matters Ltd.
(2013). Continuing Competence. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation.
Courtney, M., & McCutcheon, H. (2010). Using Evidence to guide Nursing Practice. Elsevier.
H..1247 -- Improving Veterans Access to Quality Care Act of 2015
The Improving Veterans Access to Care Act (H..1247) sponsored by epresentatives Sam Graves (-MO) and Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) (hereinafter alternatively "the Act"), is intended to reduce existing delays in healthcare delivery being experienced by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) (Smith, 2015). The provisions of the Act would extend full practice authority to certain advanced practice registered nurses (APNs), including nurse midwives, clinical nurse specialists, nurse practitioners, and certified registered nurse anesthetists in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care facilities regardless of the state in which they are located. To date, the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA), the Association of Veterans Affairs Nurse Anesthetists (AVANA), more than 50 nursing organizations, as well as veterans service organizations, the Military Officers Association of America, the Air Force Sergeants Association, the American Association of etired Persons (AAP) together with more than…
References
APRN roles recognized. (2016). National Council of State Boards of Nursing. Retrieved from https://www.ncsbn.org/5399.htm .
ANA urges support for bill to increase veterans' access to APRNs' services. (2015, March/April). American Nurse, 47(2), 16.
From the trenches. (2015, July 25). Medical Economics, 92(14), 11-13.
GovTrack H.R. 1247. (2016). Govtrack. Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/ bills/114/hr1247.
(2010).
Transactional leaders use the extrinsic motivators, to get goals met within an organization, as stated by Suliman (2009). This type of leadership used internal reward or punishment mechanisms to get employees to follow their directive. Transactional leaders usually leave the current organizational structure and goals intact, since the characteristic of these leaders is not effective in situations that require change. Suliman, (2009) also argue that some leaders are very passive and only get involved if the necessary actions are contrary to the overall goal or achievement of the organization.
Visionary leaders are usually characterized as individuals who do not compromise their personal integrity for the overall goal of any organization or process. These leaders do not portray ordinary character traits, since they are usually concerned with direction or organizing action based on new possibilities or a progressive agenda as argued by McIntosh and Tolson (2009). These are usually interested…
"(History of Nurse Anesthesia Practice)
Among the earlier formal programs for nurse anesthesia were those established at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, the University Hospital of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Charity Hospital in New Orleans, Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, and Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago. (History of Nurse Anesthesia Practice) Another important historical event which shows the acceptance and advancement of nurse anesthetists was the invitation of Alice Hunt, a nurse anesthetist, to join the Yale Medical School faculty as an instructor of anesthesia in 1922.
The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists was founded in 1931 and today is a professional organization which represents more than 35,000 Certified egistered Nurse Anesthetists (CNAs) and student nurse anesthetists. (AANA Overview)
Furthermore the AANA, promulgates education, and practice standards and guidelines, and affords consultation to both private and governmental entities regarding nurse anesthetists and their practice. The AANA Foundation supports…
References
47TH LEGISLATURE - STATE of NEW MEXICO - SECOND SESSION. Retrieved Jan 13, 2007, at http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/06%20Regular/memorials/house/HM033.pdf.
AANA Overview. Retrieved Jan 13, 2007, at http://www.aana.com/aboutaana.aspx?ucNavMenu_TSMenuTargetID=15&ucNavMenu_TSMenuTargetType=4&ucNavMenu_TSMenuID=6&id=100
America's Nurse Anesthetists Commend Bush Administration for Tripling Nurse Anesthetist Traineeship Funding Today. Retrieved Jan 13, 2006, at http://www.aana.com/news.aspx?ucNavMenu_TSMenuTargetID=171&ucNavMenu_TSMenuTargetType=4&ucNavMenu_TSMenuID=6&id=1615&terms=CRNA+shortage&searchtype=1&fragment=True www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104802739
Donahue, M.P. (1996). Nursing, the Finest Art: An Illustrated History. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Male Nurses
Is Nursing Women's Work?
With all of this talk about diversity, the global economy, and focus on a nondiscriminatory policy in the mass media, in the new millennium we would like to convince ourselves that we have shed many of the stereotypes that once defined our culture (Chung, 2011). It is true that in many professions we have raised or nearly destroyed the glass ceiling that once existed for women. Everyone knows what the glass ceiling is and knows that it only applies to women, right? This may be true in many professions, but in the field of nursing, one can argue that the glass ceiling exists for men and that male nurses struggle to break free of the stereotypes that limit the types and levels of work that they can do. It comes as no surprise to the casual observer that the nursing profession is dominated by…
References
American Assembly for Male Nursing (AAMN). (2011).Welcome to AAMN. Retrieved from http://aamn.org / .
Bynum, W., Hardy, A., & Jacyna, S. et al., (1995) The Western Medical Tradition. Vol 2.
Chung, V. (2011). Men in Nursing. Minority Nurse. Retrieved from http://www.minoritynurse.com/men-nursing/men-nursing
Ehrenreich, B. & English, D. (n.d.). Witches, Midwives, and Nurses. Originally published in the Feminist Press, CUNY. Retrieved from http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/witches.html
Howeve, befoe giving the medicine, anesthesiologist caefully examines the condition of the pegnant woman to whom anesthesia is to be given. Epidual anesthesia duing labo and nomal delivey does not cause unconsciousness; thus, patients do not lose thei psychological aletness (Halpen and Douglas 2008).
Dissetation Pat
Accoding to (Oebaugh 2011), epidual anesthesia is commonly administeed by injecting the medicine in the lumba egion of the back, specifically in the epidual egion. The detailed pocedue egading the administation of epidual anesthesia has aleady been discussed in the pevious section of the pape. Howeve, the anesthetic dug injected in the epidual space inteupts the passage of neve impulses that oiginate in epoductive ogans and tavel though neves to lowe spine and then to bain. This hindes the feeling of sensation/pain that is poduced in the lowe pats of the body.
The degee of insensitivity induced depends on few factos that include the…
Mary Breckinridge was instrumental in bringing a wide range of healthcare services to populations in need in rural America, with a special focus on women. In 1925, Breckinridge formed the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS), which provided health care to persons living in rural Appalachia: especially eastern Kentucky. At the time, her target population was "one of America's poorest and most isolated regions," (Castlenovo, 2003). The nursing and midwifery services Breckinridge delivered were offered at a low cost, and no patient would be turned away (Castlenovo, 2003; Goan, 2003). Her model was nevertheless cost-effective and financially feasible. Since she started the organization, the FNS has "served as a model of rural health care delivery for the United States and the rest of the world," (Castlenovo 2003; Goan, 2008). The FNS continues to serve the population of rural Kentucky and Appalachia. Because of Breckinridge, midwifery became an acceptable medical practice.
The power…
References
Castlenovo, G. (2003). Mary Breckinridge. The Truth About Nursing. Retrieved online: http://www.truthaboutnursing.org/press/pioneers/breckinridge.html#axzz1radHMvxO
Frontier Nursing Service (n.d.). Mrs. Mary Breckinridge. Retrieved online: http://www.frontiernursing.org/History/MaryBreckinridge.shtm
Goan, M.B. (2008). Mary Breckinridge. University of North Carolina Press.
1
MOVING TOWARDS DISASTER:
THE MOTIF OF REVENGE IN SHAKESPEARE'S
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Titus Andronicus, the first tragedy written by William Shakespeare ca. 1590, is one of his most ambitious plays, full of recognizable themes and motifs which were later incorporated in his more mature works. Yet Titus Andronicus differs greatly from its successors, mainly due to the overt application of revenge perpetrated by its numerous and dangerous characters. As Eugene M. Wraith sees it, Titus Andronicus as a tragedy swiftly moves "towards a disaster for which the cause is established in the first minutes of action" (8).
Shakespeare accomplishes this movement towards disaster through the idiosyncrasies, actions and reactions of many characters bent on revenge via a long list of reasons. For instance, when Titus Andronicus, known for his victories over the barbarian Goths and candidate for the emperor of Rome, decides to sacrifice Alarbus, Tamora's eldest son, to appease…
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Muir, Kenneth. The Sources of Shakespeare's Plays. New Haven: Yale University Press,
1978.
Waith, Eugene M., ed. Titus Andronicus. London: Oxford University Press, 1984.
New Graduate Position Selection Criteria
Demonstrated High Level Interpersonal, Verbal And Written Communication Skills
When I worked at the eader's Bookstore, I nurtured skills and applied them in the areas mentioned above. I dealt with customers regularly, and staff and suppliers over the phone and in person. I was charged with handling customer enquiries. I applied my communication skills to the fullest extent. Dealing with book request orders involved contacting the supplier on phone, updating the computer system with the data of the customer and the book/s ordered, making the book order and reaching back to the customer to alert them when the order has been delivered. I also captured the same information in the bookstore's filing system for use by others in the firm. I established a good relationship with customers and suppliers through effective communication strategies. I also rendered effective customer service. My line manager gave a positive…
References
American Association of Colleges of Nursing -- Interdisciplinary Education and Practice. (2016). Aacn.nche.edu. Retrieved 8 March 2016, from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/publications/position/interdisciplinary-education-and-practice
Brent, N. (2016). WHAT IS RISK Management AND HOW DOES IT HELP ME? Cphins.com. Retrieved 8 March 2016, from http://www.cphins.com/blog/post/what-is-risk-management-and-how-does-it-help-me
Browne, C. (2016). Job Description for a Registered Nurse in an Acute Care Hospital. Work.chron.com. Retrieved 8 March 2016, from http://work.chron.com/job-description-registered-nurse-acute-care-hospital-21331.html
Career FAQs Team. (2016). Selection criteria sample: Ability to apply academic knowledge and concepts to practical situations. Career FAQs. Retrieved 8 March 2016, from http://www.careerfaqs.com.au/careers/resumes-and-cover-letters-tips/selection-criteria-sample-ability-to-apply-academic-knowledge-and-concepts-to-practical-situations
At the time of the first years of the Frontier Nursing Service, many trained physicians had left America due to the war effort, making Breckenridge's task even more formidable. However, the communities were welcoming, which made the efforts worthwhile -- most of the midwives who had served the population were so old that they "turned their practices over to us with sighs of relief" she wrote (Breckenridge 1954, p.256).
Breckenridge's story indicates the importance of access and availability of healthcare for rural populations. Specialists "came to the mountains" since their residents could not (Breckenridge 1954, 257). Many of Breckenridge's patients had illnesses, such as cataracts, that could be easily remedied by doctors, but could severely inhibit the life of the sufferer if they were left untreated. Medical, dental, and other clinics were created to ensure that healthcare appointments became a part of the community's life, not something extraordinary undertaken only…
References
Breckenridge, Mary. (1981). Wide neighborhoods: A story of the frontier nursing service.
Although the issue of women's liberation is a topic many nations, including estern nations, has faced, the topic, according to AbuKahlil, is even more controversial and sensitive in the Arab world. The two most problematic aspects of the subject revolve around the interpretations of Islam and the legacy of what
Leila Ahmed calls "colonial feminism."Colonial feminism, according to Ahmed, refers to the tendency of colonial officials in the region to raise the banner of women's liberation in the Arab/Muslim world while these same officials take misogynist stances in their own countries. It refers to the exploitation of the women's question by colonial administrators for purely political purposes. This exploitation left the region with a legacy that allowed misogynist thinkers and clerics to discredit feminism by associating women's liberation with colonialism, Zionism, and even Freemasonry.
Meir offered a combination of threats to this cultural norm, being both a woman and Jewish.…
Works Cited
Axelrod-Contrada, J. "Golda Meir Israeli Pioneer and Prime Minister." Women Who Led Nations (1999): 14-31. Print.
"Golda Meir." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2011. Web. 17 Feb. 2011. .
Martin, Patricia. "Golda Meir." Golda Meir (2005): 1-3. Print.
Medzini, Meron. "Israel's Midwife: Golda Meir in the Closing Years of the British Mandate." Israel Affairs 14.3 (2008): 374-397. Print.
2. Someone kicks a dog.
esponse: The person should go back and check if the dog is okay! This person may either drunk or extremely cruel and hates dogs. In any case, it is wrong to kick a harmless dog.
3. A woman carries a heavy jug of water on her head while her husband walks in front of her carrying nothing.
esponse: He should stop and help her with the jug of water. Her husband is not being a gentleman. He is not being a very good husband if he makes his wife carry heavy items and walks ahead of her though he not carrying anything, himself.
4. A male guest helps a female host carry dirty dishes into the kitchen.
esponse: The male guest should be thanked by the hostess because he is being courteous and polite by helping her carry out the dirty dishes.
5. A young…
References
Holloway, Kris (20 July, 2006). "A Morning of Weighing Babies," Monique and the Mango Rains: Two Years with a Midwife in Mali. Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press.
Holloway, Kris (20 July, 2006). "The Death of Old Woman Kelema," Monique and the Mango Rains: Two Years with a Midwife in Mali. Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press.
Holtz, Carol and Grisdale, Suzanne (2007). "Chapter 16: Global Health in Reproduction and Infants." Global Health Care: Issues and Policies. Boston, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Koehler, Fred. "One Step at a Time," Crossing Cultures with the Peace Corps. Retrieved from: http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/stories/stories.cfm?psid=15 (12 November 2009).
" ("Let My Baby Live..." NP) Other messages of the campaign were to stress the need to avoid high risk pregnancy, prior to age 18 or after age 35 and to stagger pregnancies by two years to help the maternal body recover and be strong enough to care for the developing infant and go through labor successfully. The campaign, promoting these ideas states that it has been successful in reaching its goals, and has currently reached 66% of the population in the regions where the campaign was launched. ("Let My Baby Live..." NP) There is not mention as to whether the campaign will end, or be expanded to a broader audience in Turkey.
Turkey's example program could serve as a template for other health issues that need to be expressed to the public in Turkey and in other nations with challenged health care delivery infrastructures and limited public knowledge of…
Works Cited
Brennan, Teresa. Globalization and Its Terrors. London: Routledge, 2003.
Kaul, Chandrika, and Valerie Tomaselli-Moschovitis, eds. Statistical Handbook on Poverty in the Developing World. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1999.
Weiker, Walter F. The Modernization of Turkey: From Ataturk to the Present Day. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1981.
E-Health Project in Turkey" International Telecommunications Network Website Retrieved November 15, 2007 at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/e-strategies/e-applications/Turkey_E-health/index.html
This Masters degree holder also has the advantage of seeking their career paths in different other branches of this field such as being a health policy expert, a nurse administrator or clinical nurse leader, nurse anesthetists and so on. They also have the clinical as well as theoretical knowledge which helps in giving a more positive financial health care system. Also, this is the level where much greater roles such as nurse midwife duties and nurse anesthetist duties start on.
The Doctor degree is the terminal professional degree which mainly focuses at clinical aspects in the field of nursing rather than the academic research process. The main role of this level of nurse is to prepare the registered nurses in becoming more advanced practiced registered nurses. Some of the advanced practice roles here in nursing include nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, certified and registered nurse anesthetist and clinical nurse specialist.…
References
Feldman, H. (2005). Educating Nurses for Leadership. New York: Springer.
Fabre, J. (2005). Smart Nursing. New York: Springer.
Holland, S. (1998). Skills of Clinical Supervision for Nurse. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
deaths in childbirth were a major problem for the medical community (Ey). The most significant cause for the large number of women dying during this process was the occurrence of puerperal sepsis which was more commonly known as childbed fever. A variety of theories were offered to explain this phenomena but some dated theories surrounding the causes of diseases such as malaria and typhoid made progress toward reaching a cure for childbed fever more difficult. The prevailing thought was that both diseases were caused through contact with water and this fact, added to the lack of indoor plumbing, caused doubt to be raised when Hungarian born Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis first suggested his germ theory and its relationship to childbed fever.
Semmelweis, before Lister introduced his germ killing theory, began insisting that the failure to properly wash one's hands between procedures was the cause of infections and, therefore, the reason why…
Works Cited
Biddle, C. "Semmelweis revisited: hand hygiene and nosocomial disease transmission in the anesthesia workstation." AANA Journal (2009): 229-237.
Carter, K. Codell. Childbed Fever: A Scientific Biography of Igna Semmelweis (Revised Edition). Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2005.
Cork, D.P. "Remembering Semmelweis: hand hygiene and its importance on today's clinical practice." American Surgeon (2011): 123-125.
Ey, Bridson. "Iatrogenic epidemics of puerperal fever in the 18th and 19th centuries." British Journal of Biomedical Science (1996): 134-139.
DVERSTY
As someone born to an Arab Saudi father and an African Sudanese mother from the Darfur region, my life has always been heavily influenced by major issues of diversity. Arabs do not respect Africans; they denigrate them and treat them like second-class citizens. Frankly, do not have any early memories that do not include encounters with racism, classicism and the tremendous social differences associated with relative poverty and wealth. My father, who was a wealthy man, divorced my mother when was three, forcing her to leave home to train as midwife to support her four young children. During that time, was cared for by various different relatives until the age of seven but it was a difficult experience for me because their attention was less than what had received from my mother. t taught me that needed to learn how to fend for myself in life.
nitially, rejoiced at…
In Sudan, I was beaten and arrested more times than I can count by the police and security forces for organizing and participating in nonviolent demonstrations against the dictatorial regime.
When the American Embassy in Sudan turned down my application to pursue my postgraduate studies in the U.S. In 1989, the British Embassy granted me a visa. I enrolled in Manchester University in the Master of Economics program, eventually spending 12 years in the U.K. For a girl who had been raised in an oppressive dictatorial society, it was an incredible experience just to be able to make autonomous decisions without continual fear of punishment and official condemnation. In my opinion, it is difficult to appreciate what freedom means when one has never been deprived of it. In Manchester, I worked part time while attending the university and I roomed with a lesbian couple. Obviously, that alone was an incredible experience a young Muslim girl raised with the fear of God's punishment and initially I feared God's wrath just for living with my roommates.
In 2001, I finally made it to the United States. In the meantime, I had been married, become the mother of two boys, divorced my husband, and remarried. Unfortunately, almost immediately after settling in the country, my new husband became manipulative and abusive. When I threatened to call the police, he locked my boys and me out of his apartment and refused to give us our passports or any of our belongings. With no knowledge of my rights in the country, I became homeless with my two boys less than 4 months into my life in the U.S. We ended up in a domestic violence/homeless shelter. with the boys with no document or money, but also with no body
Timeline: Historical Development of Nursing Science
Nurse Science Timeline
Timeline 1850-2010: Historical Development of Nursing Science
Nineteenth Century
Florence Nightingale begins her nursing training in Alexandria, Egypt at the Institute of St. Paul.
Florence Nightingale, in Paris, visits the Daughters of Charity in their Motherhouse in Paris to learn their methods.
Florence Nightingale goes to Turkey with 38 volunteer nurses to assist in caring for the injured of the Crimean War. (October21)
Mary Seacole leaves London to establish a "British Hotel" at Balaklava in the Crimea. (January 31)
Biddy Mason is granted her freedom and moves to Los Angeles. She works as a nurse and midwife and becomes a successful businesswoman.
1857 -- Ellen anyard creates the first group of paid social workers in England and pioneers the first district nursing program in London.
1860's
1860 -- Florence Nightingale, Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is Not…
References
"History and famous nursing theories." (2011). NursingAvenue.com Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.nursingavenue.com/Nursing-Theories.html
Kendall, C. (2010, Apri 15). The history of nursing. Helium Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.helium.com/items/1805546-nursing-history-theory-and-timeline
"Notable nurse timeline." (2011). timetoast Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/8652
"Nursing theory development bullets." (2011). Scribd, inc Retrieved August 23, 2011, from http://www.scribd.com/doc/14083218/Nursing-Theory-Development-bullets
nurses deliver evidence-Based care?
Define main ideas within the title supported from the literature
Nurse instructors confront many hurdles in the present healthcare environment. Educational methods, philosophies, and the content of curricula is required to reviewed to cater to the requirements of the professional nurses who would practice in the coming millennium. (Kessenich; Guyatt; DiCenso, 25) Evidence-based practice or EBP has currently emerged to be a remarkable attribute in nursing literature along with a key impetus in restructuring nursing practice. (Elizabeth; Pyle, 64) Evidence-Based Nursing or EBN is the strategy by which the nurses formulate clinical conclusions applying the best available research evidence, their clinical skill and patient prioritization. (Evidence-Based Nursing: University of Minnesota) It could be narrated as the meticulous, unequivocal and judicious application of the current best evidences in formulating decisions about the care of individual patients. When clinicians formulate health care conclusions for a population or group…
References
Asking Clinical Questions: Introduction. Retrieved from http://www.poems.msu.edu/InfoMastery/Questions/Questions.htm Accessed on 18 June, 2005
Beyers, Marjorie. About Evidence-Based Nursing Practice. Nursing Management. October, 1999. Vol: 11; No: 1; pp: 103-105
Code of professional Conduct. Retrieved from http://www.nmc-uk.org/nmc/main/publications/reqForPre-regNursing.pdf Accessed on 17 June, 2005
Cronenwett, L. Research, Practice and Policy: Issues in Evidence-Based Care. Journal of Issues in Nursing. February 19, 2002. Vol: 7; No.2; pp: 57-61
However, Pharaoh's heart was heartened and he refused. ecause of this, Aaron was instructed to lay down the rod in front of the Pharaoh and it became a snake. The pharaoh then ordered his sorcerers to throw down their rods and they also became snakes but Aarons snake ate the other snakes and the Pharaoh's heart was hardened and he would not release the children of Israel. Then the Lord turn to River into blood and there was no water for seven days.
Pharaoh's heart continued to be hardened and several other plagues followed. According to the Old Testament these plagues included frogs, flies, lice, the death of cattle, boils, hail, locust, the plague of darkness. Finally, the Lord killed the entire first born of Egypt. He instructed the people of Israel to cover their doors with the sacrificial blood of a lamb so that death would pass over them.…
Bibliography
Demille C. The Ten Commandments. (1956) Paramount Studios
Freedman, D.N. & Mcclymond, M.J. (Eds.) www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102109074"Ehrlich, C.S. (2001). Moses, Torah, and Judaism. In the Rivers of Paradise: Moses, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus, and Muhammad as Religious Founders /, (pp. 11-null9). Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001865837
Fuchs, E. (1999, Winter). Moses / Jesus / Women: Does the New Testament Offer a Feminist Message. Cross Currents, 49, 463. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002105874
Jenkins, P. (2002, October). The Next Christianity: We Stand at a Historical Turning Point, the Author Argues-One That Is as Epochal for the Christian World as the Original Reformation. around the Globe Christianity Is Growing and Mutating in Ways That Observers in the West Tend Not to See. Tumultuous Conflicts within Christianity Will Leave a Mark Deeper Than Islam's on the Century Ahead. The Atlantic Monthly, 290, 53+.
Many women have today started to complain about their bitter experiences, and this has led to the creation of a birthing room at the hospital. The room is made to look more like a warm and cozy room at home, rather than a cold medically equipped room at a hospital. Since birthing is a warm and beautiful experience, most women do feel that they must be provided with an atmosphere conducive to give birth in. A birthing room therefore, would be equipped with articles like rocking chairs, cozy seats, warm lighting, a variety of different kinds of stools, and railings, all of which would allow a woman to try out different birthing positions, and finally choose the one that suited her the best.
All the equipment in a birthing room must be designed to accommodate the entire team of medical personnel attending to the woman, and also accommodate her family…
References
Brenner, David. (2003) "I think there's a terrorist in my soup: how to survive personal and word problems" Andrews McMeel Publishing.
Bruess, Clint E; Greenberg, Jerrold S. (2004) "Sexuality Education, Theory and Practice" Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Choudhri, Nihara K. (2005) "Parent Savvy, Straight Answers to your family's financial"
Nolo.
Gutierrez (1991) is talking about the traditions and customs that existed in colonial New Mexico. During this time, many of the Pueblo Indian, Spanish and Mexican ideas were integrated into this culture. At the heart of this approach, was to use the Spanish model as way to enforce different social standards and norms. (Gutierrez)
This meant that men were seen as superior to women and had the power of the state behind them. As many of these rights and privileges, were provided based upon biblical interpretation. This encouraged men to engage in actions that were seen supportive of social values. hile women, were forced to save themselves for marriage and be subservient to the men in their family. (Gutierrez)
Anyone who followed these practices were rewarded and respected within society. hereas those individuals who chose to questions these customs were often ridiculed and subject to tremendous amounts of gossip. This…
Works Cited
Gutierrez, Ramon. When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991. Print.
Team Communication
An interdisciplinary team is formed from a group of health care providers belonging to different fields of health sciences; they work together as a team to bring the best possible outcome for patient. The efficiency of this team is achieved by following three basic steps that include communication, coordination and sharing of responsibilities. In order to provide quality care in primary health care system, the hospitals need to get closely integrated with the whole health service system (Ilyas, 2006).
Who makes up the membership of the interdisciplinary team in this agency?
Members of the interdisciplinary team vary according to the age and the degree of disability of an individual. Main aim of such team is to provide support to the patient in the best possible manner. The interdisciplinary team members of Hospitals at Ontario, includes Physicians, Nurses, Midwife, Dietitian, Pharmacist, Psychologist, Podiatrist, Physiotherapist, Chiropractor and Occupational Therapist. In…
References
Grech, H. (2012, October 28).Communication Skills in Health Professionals. Map-n.net. Retrieved on January 10, 2013 from http://map-n.net/pastevents/violence%20and%20aggression/Prof.%20Helen%20Grech%20-%20Communication%20Skills%20in%20Health%20Care%20Professionals.pdf
Ilyas, M .(2006).Public health and Community Medicine. Karachi:Time Publisher.
Ontario (2005, July 5). Guide to Interdisciplinary Team Role and Responsibilities.Health.gov.on.ca. Retrieved on January 10, 2013, from http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/fht/docs/fht_inter_team.pdf
Salgado, C.D., Farr, B.M., Hall, K.K. And Hayden, F.G. (2002, March).Influenza in Acute Hospital setting. Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 2(3),145-55
Nursing
The Nevada Nurse Practice Act is similar to the Indiana State Board of Nursing in that the two documents cover definitions of terms (such as Board of nurses, advanced practitioner, and accredited school). In addition to defining terms clearly to remove ambiguity in their application, the two documents also outline provisions for nurse practitioners and registered nurses.
The Indiana State Board of Nursing oversees nurse licensing, including issues related to education. Moreover, the State Board of Nursing in Indiana outlines the role of continuing education in the nursing profession. The Indiana State Board of Nursing's Licensure and Administrative ules include an administrative code for both registered and licensed practical nurses. Ancillary practices and areas of specialization are also included, such as nurse-midwives.
Number of members in the Indiana State Board of Nursing is something that is covered in the document related to licensure and administration. In IC 25-23-1-2, the…
REferences
Indiana State Board of Nursing (2005). Licensure Statutes and Administrative Rules
Nevada Nurse Practice Act.
Rights and Responsibilities for a Member of the Nursing Union in Minnesota recent MSNBC Health article on the state of the nation's health noted that despite the nation's joblessness crisis, nursing remains woefully understaffed as a profession across the nation. The current shortage of a few hundred thousand RNs could reach a staggering 750,000 by 2020, given the aging population and rate of retirement in the 'Baby Boom' generation. The danger of this scenario, of a rapidly aging population and a rapidly retiring nursing profession, is highlighted by a recent lawsuit waged against the esley Hospital in Kansas in July of 2000. There, a jury awarded a $2.7 million malpractice settlement to the family of a woman who almost died due to chronic nursing understaffing at the hospital. Thus, the nursing shortage has costs for both hospitals as well as patients that could prove disastrous. (Johnson, 2004) shortage of nurses…
Works Cited
Johnson, Linda. (March 29, 2004) "Shortage of nurses putting patients at risk: Unions push for limits on patient loads in hospitals." Associated Press. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4587667/
Minnesota Board Of Nursing. (May 17, 2004) "Twin Cities Registered Nurses Ratify Contracts." Retrieved on June 6, 2004 at SIC&SEC={E7A71FCF-7F9B-4BE9 88C4-85784F18A4A9}
Minnesota Board Of Nursing. (June 2004) "Who needs a Minnesota Nursing License?" Retrieved on June 6, 2004 at http://www.state.mn.us/cgibin/portal/mn/jsp/content.do-rc_layout=bottom&subchannel=536882455&programid=5 6898714&sc3=null&sc2=null&id=-536882404&agency=NursingBoard
Minnesota Statutes. (2003) 148.171 http://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/stats/148/171.html
Family Nurse Practitioner
The expansion of healthcare coverage through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is expected to create an enormous increase in the number of people seeking medical treatment and healthcare. A number of demographic issues exacerbate the situation: An aging population requiring more extensive treatment and care, a rising national population, and a shortage of primary care physicians (Iglehart, 2013). The shortage of primary care physicians is one of the most crucial for national medical care because of two substantive dynamics: 1) The number of graduates from medical school who plan to enter careers as primary career physicians is currently estimated at 25%; and 2) the care that advanced practice registered nurses (APN) can provide is constrained by the current scope-of-practice laws on the books in any states (Iglehart, 2013).
An enduring tension exists between the American Medical Association and nursing advocates regarding the scope of practice that should…
References
Iglehart, J.K. (2013, May). Expanding the role of advanced nurse practitioners: Risks and rewards: Health policy report. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(20), 1935-1941.
National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) (2002). Family nurse practitioner primary care competencies in specialty areas: Adult, family, gerontological, pediatric, and women's health. Pp. 21-24. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, Division of Nursing. Retrieved from http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nonpf.org/resource/resmgr/competencies/primarycarecomps02.pdf
Naylor, M.D. And Kurtzman, E.T. (2010, May). The role of nurse practitioners in reinventing primary care. Health Affairs, 29(5), 893-899. DOI: 10.1377/hithaff.2010.0440.
Savrin, C. (2008). Growth and development of the nurse practitioner role around the globe. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 23(5), 310-314. DOI: 10.10.1016/j.pedhc.2008.10.005.