119 results for “Multiple Sclerosis”.
Multiple Sclerosis
Samira Ghaniwala
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease caused by activated T cells that gain entry into the central nervous system. The injury results from inflammation and T cell destruction. There are typical symptoms that co relate with the area involved. There are also remissions and relapses which can be triggered by certain factors. Diagnosis of the disease requires visualization of the lesions in the central white matter, on an MI, Treatment is based on immunosuppressants and steroids to combat inflammation.
"Multiple sclerosis is an acute inflammatory disease that causes focal demyelination of the brain and spinal cord; it also causes axonal loss." (Poser, 2011)
Pathogenesis:
In multiple sclerosis activated T. lymphocytes enter the blood-brain barrier and initiate central nervous system inflammation, by recognizing myelin derived antigens as foreign, on the surface of the central nervous system's antigen presenting cells, the microglia. The resulting inflammation releases cytokines which…
REFERENCES:
Charles M. Poser, An Illustrated Pocketbook of Multiple Sclerosis (Boca Raton, FL: Parthenon, 2003) 3, Questia, Web, 14 Apr. 2011.
Nicholas A. Boon, Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, John A.A. Hunter. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine (2006). India, Elsevier.
Kumar Abbas, Fausto Mitchel. Robbins Basic Pathology (2007).India: Elsevier.
D.A, Warell. (1996). Oxford textbook of medicine. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publication.
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease. It affects the brain and spinal cord, and damages the covers that insulate the nerve cells. When these covers are damaged, the nervous system experiences a breakdown in communication. This causes a wide range of symptoms and signs that can affect numerous areas of the body. Mental and physical problems appear, along with a host of psychiatric issues in some patients. Multiple sclerosis can affect people very differently, and take more than one form. In most people, neurological problems occur and become permanent, although symptoms may come and go in the earlier stages of the disease.
Description of the Disease
In people with multiple sclerosis, the covers of the nerve endings become inflamed and damaged. This can be caused by infections and other environmental factors, but genetics have been believed to play a role, as well (Ascherio & Munger, 2007). Signs and symptoms of…
References
Ascherio, A., & Munger, K.L. (2007). Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: The role of infection. Annals of Neurology, 61(4): 288 -- 99.
Balak, D.M., Hengstman, G.J., Cakmak, A., & Thio, H.B. (2012). Cutaneous adverse events associated with disease-modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 18(12): 1705 -- 17.
Comi, G. (2009). Treatment of multiple sclerosis: role of natalizumab. Neurological Science, 30(S2): S155 -- 8.
Compston, A., & Coles, A. (2008). Multiple sclerosis. Lancet, 372(9648): 1502 -- 17.
) between 20 and 50.
Studies have shown that people with multiple sclerosis who exercise:
c.) have less fatigue
How many people in the United States are diagnosed with multiple sclerosis every week?
A b.) about 200 ("Take the FDA Consumer")
Dealing with Depression
As depression is reportedly the most common psychiatric disorder in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, those caring for MS patients who express any sort of suicidal ideation should be closely monitored and referred for a psychological evaluation. Frequently, MS patients experiencing bouts with depression or suicidal thoughts are not assessed, under assessed, and/or consequently not diagnosed. Unlike some of the other aspects accounting MS, yet similar to some MS, depression can be effectively treated. Numerous reasons contribute to MS patients experiencing depression, according to allin. These may include:
The psychosocial effects of MS disability.
The direct effect of lesions on brain structures that are involved in regulating…
Works Cited www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5020676629
Bishop, Malachy, Donald M. Stenhoff, and Lindsey Shepard. "Psychosocial Adaptation and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis: Assessment of the Disability Centrality Model." The Journal of Rehabilitation 73.1 (2007): 3+. Questia. 7 Apr. 2008 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5020676629 .
Calabresi, Peter a.. "Diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis.," American Family Physician, November 15, 2004. 7 Apr. 2008 http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-126121471.html .
A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002564906
Doughty, Jhan D. "Multiple Sclerosis: A Guide for Rehabilitation and Health Care Professionals." The Journal of Rehabilitation 69.4 (2003): 47+. Questia. 7 Apr. 2008 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002564906 .
Its priorities are intergenerational programs for older but active citizens, which support independent living. These include housing, access to work, education, training and leisure, transition planning for younger disabled people and local action for the stigma of mental health problems (Department of Health p 8).
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
NMSS was organized in 1946 by those who want to do something about MS now (NMSS, 2010). They work together towards a world free of MS through a 50-state network of chapters. They do this by funding worthwhile research, initiating change through advocacy, facilitating professional education and providing programs and services for people with MS and their families so they can move forward. to-date, NMSS has extended vital support and personalized services to more than 350,000 people with MS, their families, friends and colleagues. In 2008 alone, it has spent $136 million for programs and 440 research projects around the world.…
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Borazanci, a.P., et al. (2009). Multiple sclerosis: clinical features, pathophysiology, neuroimaging and future therapies. Future Neurology, 4 (2): Future Medicine, Ltd.
Retrieved on May 27, 2010 from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/589380
Department of Health (2010). Putting people first: a shared vision and commitment to the transformation of adult social care. UK: HM Government. Retrieved on May 27, 2010 from http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/odh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_081119.pdf
Gee, J. et al. (2005). The association of brainstem lesions with migraine-like headache:
Once the nerve fibers are damaged, the nerve impulses that travel to and from the brain and spinal cord are interrupted, causing the variety of symptoms that can occur.
Most people with MS learn to manage the disease and continue to have satisfying, useful, and positive lives.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms vary widely, depending on the amount of damage and which particular nerves are affected. People with severe cases of multiple sclerosis may lose the ability to walk or speak. MS can be difficult to diagnose early in the course of the disease because symptoms often come and go -- sometimes disappearing for months (Mayo Clinic Staff).
Although MS can occur at any age, it most often begins in people between the ages of 20 and 40. Women are more likely to develop multiple sclerosis than are men (Mayo Clinic Staff).
MS signs and symptoms may include: Numbness, tingling, pain…
Bibliography
Mayo Clinic Staff. "Multiple sclerosis." 3 Feb 2009. MayoClinic.com. 23 May 2009 .
National Multiple Sclerosis Society. "What is Multiple Sclerosis?" n.d. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. 23 May 2009 .
University of Rochester Medical Center. "Drug Improves Mobility For Some Multiple Sclerosis Patients." 09 Mar 2009. ScienceDaily. 23 May 2009 .
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is, in basic terms, an inflammatory condition whereby an individual's immune system attacks, and causes damage to the protective sheath covering the nerves (also referred to as myelin) thereby disrupting normal communication between the spinal cord, the brain, and the rest of the body. Myelin provides some form of cover to the nerves, and when it is damaged, nervous axons, which are responsible for the conduction of impulses, do not function effectively. Moreover, with continued loss of myelin, the nerves become more prone to damage, and gradually deteriorate, causing the patient to develop symptoms as a result of lost or diminished impulses. The symptoms experienced will depend on the nerves affected, as well as the extent of damage. It is estimated that around 400,000 persons in the U.S. suffer from MS.
Causes
The actual cause of MS is yet to be discovered; however, most theories describe it…
References
Mayo Clinic. (2014). Diseases and Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 6th November 2014 from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/basics/definition/con-20026689?_ga=1.209196946.1672730246.1415525789
National MS Society. (2014a). What Causes MS? National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Retrieved 7th November 2014 from http://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/What-Causes-MS
National MS Society. (2014b). Researchers Report MS-Related Gene in More Women than Men. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Retrieved 7th November 2014 from http://www.nationalmssociety.org/About-the-Society/News/Researchers-Report-MS-Related-Gene-in-More-Women-t
Which type of sense has been damaged by the smoking?
That would be a special sense. Special senses are those that have specialized organs devoted to them. This would include vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell. These senses have the eyes, ears, nose and tongue that assist in execution of the use of these senses.
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5).Which of the following functions is most likely to be performed by the visual association area?
nswer: When a person "sees" the shape of the visual image. The mind sees an image as parlayed to him/her by his eyes working together with his/her mind.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&sqi=2&ved=0CKIBEBYwQ&url=http%3%2F%2Fdecember2011.weebly.com%2Fuploads%2F2%2F2%2F5%2F1%2F2251900%2Fnervous20system20iv.doc&ei=F4SyT82hKYWkiQKjv7CXB&usg=FQjCNEdw4rR2xQKHmZK3g1uTerU_YlDg&sig2=chbYI5Vl_lp2Tiwksda6pg
6). Night blindness could be caused by a variety of factors. Some people are born with night blindness while others suffer night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, due to malnutrition or injury to the eye. nother cause is unsuccessful refractive eye surgery. Yet another cause is a deficiency in…
Answer: When a person "sees" the shape of the visual image. The mind sees an image as parlayed to him/her by his eyes working together with his/her mind.
6). Night blindness could be caused by a variety of factors. Some people are born with night blindness while others suffer night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, due to malnutrition or injury to the eye. Another cause is unsuccessful refractive eye surgery. Yet another cause is a deficiency in vitamin a, or retinol, that is common to fish oil and dairy products such as milk, butter and cream. Other causes are retinitis pigmentosa, oguchi disease, cataracts, pathological myopia and Sorsby's fundus dystrophy.
Accordingly, Brichford (2008) would indicate that "while doctors used to recommend that people living with MS avoid exercise entirely due to fear of aggravating symptoms, now there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that regular exercise not only improves quality of life for people with multiple sclerosis, but that it may also help ease symptoms and minimize the risk of certain complications down the road." (Brichford, 1) in this case, all evidence seems to suggest that exercise will be a crucial part of a multidisciplinary approach to addressing the subject's condition.
This means that in addition to a physician who can help to identify limitations in this area, a physical therapy and rehabilitation team must make up part of the treatment management strategies. This is endorsed in the research by Carcione, which denotes that "referrals to other professionals, such as a physical therapist, who can help create a…
Works Cited:
Avonex. (2008). Depression and Multiple Sclerosis. Biogen Idec. Online at Brichford, C. (2008). Multiple Sclerosis and Exercise Benefits. Everyday Health. Online at http://www.everydayhealth.com/multiple-sclerosis/multiple-sclerosis-and-exercise.aspx
Cohen, E. & Cesta, T. (2005) Nursing case management: Advanced practice applications (4th ed.) Philadelphia: Mosby.
NCPAD. (2009). Disability/Condition: Multiple Sclerosis and Exercise. University of Illinois. Online at http://www.ncpad.org/disability/fact_sheet.php?sheet=186
Carcione, J.R. (2006). Exercise & Multiple Sclerosis. WEBMD. Online at
Medication of Multiple Sclerosis
This study aimed to calculate the prevalence of adherence to therapy among multiple sclerosis patients in King Khalid University Hospital, in addition to find the relationship between adherence to therapy among multiple sclerosis patients and some important factors.
Studies on adherence to medication of multiple sclerosis provide important data about patient adhering to their medications with respect to the patient medication-taking behavior, factoring in the different demographic characteristics. In turn, this helps future planning on how to make certain that multiple sclerosis patients adhere to medication and treatment advised to them. The demographic characteristics taken into consideration in the case study include age, gender, level of education, employment status, marital status, income level, and residence. The data is analyzed in terms of making a comparison between low adherence and high adherence to medication by using these particular demographic characteristics as differentiators (Koskderelioglu et al., 2015).
The…
References
Hugtenburg, J. G., Timmers, L., Elders, P. J., Vervloet, M., & van Dijk, L. (2013). Definitions, variants, and causes of nonadherence with medication: a challenge for tailored interventions. Patient Prefer Adherence, 7, 675-682.
Jin, J., Sklar, G. E., Sen Oh, V. M., & Li, S. C. (2008, February). Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient's perspective. U.S. National Library of Medicine,4(1).
Jongen, P. J., Hengstman, G., Hupperts, R., Schrijver, H., Gilhuis, J., Vliegen, J. H.,...& de Schryver, E. (2011). Drug adherence and multidisciplinary care in patients with multiple sclerosis: Protocol of a prospective, web-based, patient-centred, nation-wide, Dutch cohort study in glatiramer acetate treated patients (CAIR study). BMC neurology, 11(1), 1.
Katsarava, Z., Ehlken, B., Limmroth, V., Taipale, K., Patel, S. N., Niemczyk, G.,...& Wernsdorfer, C. (2015). Adherence and cost in multiple sclerosis patients treated with IM IFN beta-1a: impact of the CARE patient management program. BMC neurology, 15(1), 1.
Neuroscience
• Questions refer to the paper Mi S, Hu B, Hahm K, Luo Y et al., (2007) LINGO-1 antagonist promotes spinal cord remyelination and axonal integrity in MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Med;13(10):1228-33.
MOG-induced murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an experimentally-induced disease. In what ways does it model the 'outside-in' theory of multiple sclerosis? Your answer must name the correct antigens and cell types involved in the process (3 marks).
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) involves both neurological and immune components (Mi et al., 2007). EAE is formed from the CD4+ T cell -- mediated immune response targeted at specific proteins within the central nervous system (CNS) which provides a model of multiple sclerosis (MS) (Week 10 Lecture Notes). The research to date indicates that loss of the Nogo receptor -- interacting protein LINGO-1 moderates EAE by altering the generation and the infiltration into the CNS of encephalogenic T…
References
Ballas N, Lioy DT, Grunseich C & Mandel G (2009) Non-cell autonomous influence of MeCP2- deficient glia on neuronal dendritic morphology. Nat Neurosci; 12(3):311-7.
Bishop, M & Tschopp, MK (2000, April). Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy: Vocational Aspects and the Best Rehabilitation Practices. The Journal of Rehabilitation, 66(2): 50.
Chamberlin, KW (2013, August). FDA Approves Third Oral Agent for MS. Drug Topics, 157(8): 46.
Clark, A & Jaworska, A (2011) MeCP2 and Rett Syndrome in Males. [online] available: http://www.rettuk.org/rettuk-public/dms/rettuk/MECP2-and-Rett-Syndrome-in - Males0/MECP2%20and%20Rett%20Syndrome%20in%20Males.pdf.
Visual-Cognitive Processing Deficits in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disorder which affects the central nervous system. According to the National Pediatric MS Center, in MS, myelin is lost in multiple areas, leaving scar tissue called sclerosis. When myelin or the nerve fiber is destroyed or damaged, the ability of the nerves to conduct electrical impulses to and from the brain is disrupted, and this produces the various symptoms of MS. One of these symptoms is cognitive dysfunction. According to the National Pediatric MS Center, approximately 50% of individuals with MS will develop problems with cognition. While the disorder is typically diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 20 and 30, approximately 5% of the cases diagnosed are children (National Pediatric MS Center). Additionally, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society reports that 2% to 5% of adult patients with MS report having symptoms prior to…
References
American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles and psychologists code of conduct: 2010 amendments. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx?item=4#
Hubley, A.M. (2010). Review of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised. Mental Measurements Yearbook. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
National Multiple Sclerosis Society. (n.d.). Pediatric (Child) MS. Retrieved December 4, 2011, from http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/pediatric-ms/index.aspx
National Pediatric MS Center. (n.d.). About MS. Retrieved December 4, 2011, from http://www.pediatricmscenter.com/WhatisMS.aspx
" (SPN, 1) This is to suggest that there are drug therapies available which could significantly improve the quality of life and expectancy for the patient at the center of this case study. However, these are also fundamentally less cost effective measures and approaches which would certainly not be available to those with limited or lacking insurance coverage.
Cost effective ways of contending with Multiple Sclerosis therefore tend increasingly to be those methods which detect the condition early and begin limited therapy that can head off its severity at the pass. According to the source provided by the MS Network, "the aim of multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment should be to stabilize patients on a low disability (low cost) level at an early stage of the disease utilizing a cost-effective therapy." (Infonicks, 1) Naturally, this is not always possible. Indeed, in the case of the patient in question, it is clear…
Works Cited:
Cohen, E., & Cesta, T. (2005) Nursing case management: Advanced practice applications (4th ed.) Philadelphia: Mosby.
Infonicks. (2007). The Cost of Multiple Sclerosis. MS-Network.
Kobelt, G.; Berg, J.; Atherley, D.: Hadjimichael, O. & Bengt, J. (2005). Case and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis a Cross-Sectional Study in the U.S.A. IDEAS. Online at http://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/hastef/0594.html
Specialty Pharmacy News (SPN). (2007). Costs Increase for Multiple Sclerosis Therapies. AIS Health. Online at http://www.aishealth.com/PressReleases/bnow0607pr.html
risk of development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis with the different CD 24 polymorphisms: V/V, a/a and a/V.
To assess the expressivity of various gene polymorphism on T cells.
To check any tendency in the development of Multiple Sclerosis within family members and different ethnic groups.
Materials and Methods:
The study checked the single nucleotide polymorphism in a population of Multiple Sclerosis patients and controls. These patients were diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, using the Mc Donald criteria. The short nucleotide polypeptide was recognized by using PC-FLP, using primers, and tests were applied to check for differences in observations between the groups.
The studies established a link between CD 24 and the development of Multiple Sclerosis and its progression.
INTODUCTION:
The etiology of multiple sclerosis involves interplay between genetic and environmental factors. It is a disease of northern Europeans and occurs less frequently in other racial groups. The lifetime risk of…
REFERENCES:
D Otaegui1, A Sa'enz1, P Caman "o1, L Bla'zquez1, M Goicoechea1. (2006). Cd 24 v/v is an allele associated with the risk of developing multiple sclerosis in the spanish population. Multiple Sclerosis, 12, 511-514.
Zhou, Qunmin, Rammohan, Kottil, Lin, Shili, Robinson, Nikki, & Li, Ou. (2005). Cd24 is a genetic modifier for risk and progression of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 102(23)
D.A, Warell. (1996). Oxford textbook of medicine. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publication.
Tarver, PhD, Marsha L . (2009, December). Krutzke expanded disability status scale. Retrieved from http://www.va.gov/MS/articles/Kurtzke_Expanded_Disability_Status_Scale.asp
egularly using a diet from which foods are eliminated that are known to produce hives and other skin eruptions and asthmatic attacks shows no relationship with MS; b) Kousmine diet. This low-fat, low-concentrated sugar, high-fiber diet, supplemented by vitamins A, D, E, C, and B. complex does not indicate any scientific evidence in being effective in treating MS; c) Gluten-Free diet that excludes wheat and rye should be considered ineffective in MS treatment; d) aw food, Evers diet that contains only natural and unprocessed foods, including a daily intake of germinated wheat, should be considered ineffective in MS treatment; and e) MacDougal diet, which combines a low-fat and gluten-free diet and adds supplements of vitamins and minerals, indicates no scientific evidence of being effective. MS specialists recommend that patients follow the same high-in-fiber, low-in-fat diet that is recommended for all adults. 2) Exercise:
There are some possibilities for treating MS…
References
Bowling, A.C. & Stewart, T.M. (2003) Current complementary and alternative therapies for multiple sclerosis. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 5:55-68
Campbell, D., Williams, R.M., Hatzakis, M., Bowen, J.D., Rodriquez, A., & Haselkorn, J.K. Complementary and alternative medicine use in veterans with multiple sclerosis: Prevalence and demographic associations. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 43(1): 89-110
Hayes, C.E. (2000) Vitamin D: a natural inhibitor of multiple sclerosis Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59(4): 531-535.
Jajicek, J. (2003) Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms. Lancet 362(9395): 1517-1526.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis or MS refers to an autoimmune, chronic condition which impacts physical movement, function and sensation. The problem sets in following neuron insulation destruction (i.e., myelin sheath destruction) within an individual’s central nervous system (CNS) (Cengage Learning, 2013). Symptoms of the disorder start showing up at early adulthood, greatly impacting patients’ domestic, social, and professional lives. As the absence of myelin retards action potential conduct, the disorder is manifested as performance impairment, having a potential destructive influence on patient behavior. MS often entails a relatively progressive onset of behavioral deficiencies and neurological symptoms (Hoang & Shepherd, 2010).
Multiple Sclerosis and Nervous System
Chronic, advancing cognitive deterioration within multiple sclerosis has been ascribed to a neuro-pathological, neurodegenerative disease process (in other words, diffused brain atrophy and axonal destruction). Additionally, atrophy and white matter lesions are known to play a significant part in cognitive dysfunction among individuals diagnosed with…
Multiple Sclerosis
The author of this report has been asked to write up a summary of multiple sclerosis. The subjects that will be talked about will include the definition, the methods of diagnosis, the symptoms of the disorder, the complications of the disorder, the treatments for the disorder, the methods of prevention (if any) and the directions of future research. While multiple sclerosis is not a death sentence by any means, it can still be a debilitating disease and it affects a good number of people.
As explained by the WebMD website, multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder that affects the brain and the spinal cord. The major symptoms of multiple sclerosis include weakness, tingling, numbness and blurred vision. Other signs and symptoms that can point to multiple sclerosis include muscle stiffness, urinary issues, thinking problems and so forth. There are treatments that exist for the relieving of multiple sclerosis…
References
HealthLine. (2015). Multiple Sclerosis: What the Future Holds. Healthline. Retrieved 5 June 2015, from http://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/what-the-future-holds
NIH. (2015). Future research directions in multiple sclerosis therapies. - PubMed - NCBI. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 5 June 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256992
WebMD. (2015). Multiple Sclerosis Health Center. WebMD. Retrieved 5 June 2015, from http://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/
According to these authors, the fatal tragedy could easily have been avoided by taking more time for more focused and carefully planned clinical trials. According to this view, it was unethical to test Tysabri in the way it has been done, and furthermore irresponsible to enter it into the market before all side-effects were ascertained.
3. Interested parties: The interested parties in this case include Walter Smith, Anita's widower, as well as Cambridge biotechnology and Elan Corp. From Smith's point-of-view, the companies are at fault for causing harm to his wife, and potential harm to many others using the drug. His current assertions regarding the reentry of the drug into the market appear to be well thought out and mature, focusing on the future benefit of patients rather than on his own need for revenge.
From the point-of-view of the companies, the drug is developed to help those suffering from…
The design of the study was to compare the patterns and frequency of recreational drug use of various types, and of the attitudes expressed by residents of California to the behavior and attitudes on the same issues in the 10 other states after California legalized marijuana for medicinal use in 1996. The number of respondents in California was 2,651 and a total of 12, 916 in the other 10 states. The Trevino and ichard study (2002) involved a sample of 188 drug users and non-drug users surveyed for their responses to questions about their opinions about the legalization of marijuana, and also of other illicit recreational drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines.
The Page, Verhoef, Stebbins, Metz, and Levy study (2003) utilized a self-reported questionnaire developed specifically as a tool for this study designed to identify differences in the choices made by patients with MS to use marijuana as…
References
Khatapoush, S. And Hallfors, D. "Sending the Wrong Message': Did Medical
Marijuana Legalization in California Change Attitudes about and Use of Marijuana?" Journal of Drug Issues, (Fall 2004): 751 -- 770.
Page, S.A., Verhoef, M.J., Stebbins, R.A., Metz, L.M., and Levy, J.C. "Cannabis Use
as Described by People with Multiple Sclerosis." Canadian Journal of Neurological Science, Vol. 30 (2003): 201 -- 205.
WESLEY J. SMITH'S
TRUTH BOUT SSISTNCE"
Wesley J. Smith's analysis of euthanasia and assisted suicide is logically flawed in several ways. First, rather than discussing the main arguments supporting the idea in principle, Smith attacks the most extreme scenarios imaginable, and presents unethical and completely unconscionable applications of assisted suicide to which even its staunchest proponents object as strongly as do those opposed to it.
Likewise, his concern that the concept of duly appointed surrogates of patients no longer capable of expressing their wishes will send ethicist down the "slippery slope" leading to euthanizing "lzheimer's patients, mentally retarded people and, perhaps, children" is reminiscent of Tom Swift's " Modest Proposal." The only difference is that Swift's ridiculous proposal was intentionally satirical, whereas
Smith's hysterical concern that "an HMO doctor [might recommend] suicide as the best 'treatment'... [because] the doctor could be fired or lose bonus income for providing...too much care…
Another central element of the flawed reasoning underlying the initial expectation of a correlation between active listening and happy marriages was illustrated by Howard Markman, a psychologist at the University of Denver, and author of Fighting for your Marriage (1994). According to Markman, when active listening does succeed, it is simply because it often works as a method of "help[ing] couples disrupt the negative patterns that predict divorce." On the other hand, it is not technique commonly used by untroubled couples.
In light of the fact that the initial assumption of the value of active listening in marital therapy, in the first place, was based on flawed reasoning, it hardly supports any specific logical conclusion deriving from the failure of that particular hypothesis.
Similarly, the mere fact that a more emotionally involved and communicative husband is predictive of happier marriages (and marriages that are more likely to be salvaged in marital therapy) hardly suggests that the solution to marital problems is simply for husbands to "give in to" their wives and do whatever their wives say.
living things are characterized by the following seven characteristics namely mobility, respiration, excretion, sensitivity or response to external stimulus, growth, feeding, and reproduction. Though there may be variations between animal and plant kingdom (ex, plants take in carbon dioxide and prepare their own food), these characteristics are commonly observed among all living things.
iology is a very broad field that encompasses the study of characteristics of living things. It includes botany, zoology and all other sub-disciplines that range from microbiology to evolution and ecology.
Evolution is the branch of biology that deals with the study of natural development of living organisms and the changes in them over time. Evolution refers to the heritable changes that occur in a population over a period of time. All the diversity that is observed currently in plant and animal kingdom can be ascribed to evolution over a long period of time.
Atoms are the…
Bibliography
1) Mark Rothery, "Cells," Accessed on Sep 20th 2005, Available from http://www.mrothery.co.uk/cells/cellnotes.htm
Obama endorsed an Illinois handgun ban while he was serving in the Illinois state legislature and also supports a ban on semi-automatic weapons. However, the current President professed his support for the Second Amendment, stating that he supports restrictions to keep guns out of the wrong hands, not a full prohibition. In Illinois he co-sponsored a 2000 to limit consumer purchases of firearms to one gun per month -- although he also supported 'conceal carry' laws for retired police officers ("Gun control," on the Issues, 2008).
The spike in gun sales has more to do with political posturing than reality: gun owners wish to demonstrate their opposition to Obama's system of values, as conceptualized in the red-blue divide that currently exists in the United States. In this polarized media positioning, Obama represents urban elitism and government control, despite his actual policies. The NRA and the gun industry has used this…
Works Cited
"Gun control." On the issues. 2008. June 5, 2010.
http://www.ontheissues.org/gun_control.htm
Kinzie, Susan. "GWU adds ethical focus to business school." The Washington Post.
September 15, 2008. June 5, 2010. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/15/AR2008091502975.html
The Georgetown Phase I study was only able to find nine suitable patients with MS who had sufficiently stable types of the illness to make conducting a research study worthwhile. Even then, four patients had to drop out of the study because of the effects of their disease or because of possible intensified progression of the disease. While three of the remaining five reported improvements in their condition, or 60 about percent, the numbers were too small to declare the treatment effectual. As the treatment does not promise a 'cure,' merely alleviation of symptoms, this too presents a problem given the study participant's symptoms were of pain, stiffness or tingling or weakness of their extremities. "We, however, could not objectively quantify improvements in symptoms such as pain and tingling," admitted the main researcher in charge of the study (Haran 2004).
Yet for seemingly every damming study, or inconclusive study, there…
References
American Apitherapy Society. (2010.). Official Website. Retrieved March 1, 2010 at http://www.apitherapy.org/
Background facts: Bee sting therapy and MS. (2010). Alternative remedies. Discovery health.
Retrieved March 1, 2010 at http://health.discovery.com/centers/althealth/beetherapy/bkgsclerosis.html
Fifield, Kirsten. (2002, August 17). Bee stings tackle MS symptoms. Guelph Mercury.
Disability is a problem that affects millions of people. In the last few decades, several pieces of legislation were passed to help eliminate discrimination of disabled people in the workplace and in other areas of society. The main legislation on disability is the DDA 1995 or the Disability Discrimination Act of 1995. With an amendment added in 2003 and a second version of the Disability Discrimination Act in 2005, these acts were set by the government to increase the range of recognized disabilities and protect a disabled person's rights in society and mainly in the workplace. While there are positives to the implementation of these acts, there are also potential dangers.
DDA or the Disability Discrimination Act's overarching advantage is its ability to reduce discrimination towards disabled people that live and work in the United Kingdom. It offers fundamental egalitarianism via equal rights in employment and other aspect of society…
References
Gill, M. (2014). The handbook of security. 2nd ed. Springer.
Great Britain: Department for Work and Pensions, (2006). Disability Discrimination Act. Norwich: TSO.
Herring, J. (2011). Criminal Law. 7th ed. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hughes, P. and Ferrett, E. (2009). Introduction to health and safety at work. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
Chronic sorrow is a continuous, pervasive sadness and also permanent and intermittently intense. An individual often encounters loss experience because of their disability, relative or chronic illness (Isaksson, 2007, p. 18). Chronic sorrow as a concept was introduced by Olshansky (1962) while he was dealing with children with disability of various kinds and their parents or relatives. He noted that the children's parents showed what he referred to as a pervasive reaction of psychological nature to the predicament of parenting mentally defective children (Monsson, 2010, p.16).
Such grief, he observed, was not dissimilar to the type shown by parents that have lost a child. The parents of mentally defective children have it worse because their pain is a continuous one. This is why he referred to the concept as chronic sorrow (Monsson, 2010, p. 16). It has been thought that chronic sorrow entails experiencing intermittent spans of distress and pain,…
References
Ahlstrom, G. I. (2007). Experiencing Loss and Chronic Sorrow in Persons with Severe Chronic Illness. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16 (3A), 76-83. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6313596_Experiencing_loss_and_chronic_sorrow_in_persons_with_severe_chronic_illness
Borkon, D. A. (2008). Is Chronic Sorrow Present in Maternal Caregivers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disordered Children? Adlerian Counselling and Psychotherapy. http://alfredadler.edu/sites/default/files/Borkon%20MP%202009.pdf
Dozier, B. (2015). Application of Middle-Range Theory. Professional Practices in Nursing. Wordpress.com. https://barbradozier.wordpress.com/2015/07/03/application-of-middle-range-theory/
Eakes, G., Burke, M. L. & Hainsworth, M. A. (1998). Middle-Range theory of Chronic Sorrow. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 30(2), pp. 179(6). http://www.psychodyssey.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Middle-range-theory-of-chronic-sorrow.pdf
Dimitrios Karussis and Ibrahim Kassis, in the article, "Use of Stem Cells for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis," conclude,
"In the current review, the various types of stem cells, which were mainly studied in animal models, will be reviewed as a potential therapeutic approach for MS. The main and common mechanisms of action of all stem cells include induction of neuroregeneration and remyelination through the activation of resident stem cells, or production of new CNS cell lineage progenitors, paralleled by local and systemic immunomodulating effects" (Karussis & Kassis, 2007, Conclusion ¶).
The other diseases that are showing promise in treatments resulting from stem cells usage includes: as cancer, diabetes, osteopetrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries, heart disease, immune system disorders, blood disorders; the list goes on (Diseases Treated by Cord lood, 2010).
Conclusion
Stem cells are a valuable weapon in the future treatment of disease and in…
Bibliography
"Adult stem cell Plasticity and Transdifferentiation." 2010. Retrieved on May 20, 2010 from http://www.studentsguide.in/animal-biotechnology/stem-cell-technology/adult-stem-cell-plasticity-and-transdifferentiation.html
"Asymmetric Division of Stem Cells." 2010. Retrieved on May 20, 2010 from http://www.molecular-plant-biotechnology.info/animal-biotechnology-genomics/pluripotent-stem-cell-lines/asymmetric-division-of-stem-cells.html
"Diseases Treated by Cord Blood." 2010. Retrieved on May 20, 2010 from http://www.womens-health.co.uk/diseases_treated.html
Jessen, W. "Exactly What are Stem Cells?" 7, July 2008. Retrieved on May 20, 2010 from http://www.highlighthealth.com/did-you-know/exactly-what-are-stem-cells/
orks Cited
Carney, Robert M.; Kenneth E .Freedland. (2009). Treatment-resistant depression and mortality after acute coronary syndrome. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(4), 410-7.
Retrieved April 27, 2009, from ProQuest Medical Library database. (Document ID: 1671559601).
Major depressive episode. (2009). DSM IV. Retrieved April 27, 2009 at http://www.mental-health-today.com/dep/dsm.htm
Franklin, Donald. (2003). Major depression. Psychology Info. Retrieved April 27, 2009 at http://www.psychologyinfo.com/depression/major.htm
Khaled, Salma M.; Andrew Bulloch, Derek V. Exner, Scott B. Patten. (2009). Cigarette
smoking, stages of change, and major depression in the Canadian population. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(3), 204-8. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from ProQuest Medical
Library database. (Document ID: 1673587981).
Levinson, Douglas. (2005). The genetics of depression: a review. Biol Psychiatry.
Retrieved April 27, 2009 at http://depressiongenetics.med.upenn.edu/DLResearch/Levinson_GeneticsDepression.pdf
Marrie, A.; R. Horwitz, G. Cutter, T .Tyry, D. Campagnolo, & T. Vollmer. (2009). The burden of mental comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: frequent, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Multiple Sclerosis, 15(3), 385-92.…
Works Cited
Carney, Robert M.; Kenneth E .Freedland. (2009). Treatment-resistant depression and mortality after acute coronary syndrome. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(4), 410-7.
Retrieved April 27, 2009, from ProQuest Medical Library database. (Document ID: 1671559601).
Major depressive episode. (2009). DSM IV. Retrieved April 27, 2009 at http://www.mental-health-today.com/dep/dsm.htm
Franklin, Donald. (2003). Major depression. Psychology Info. Retrieved April 27, 2009 at http://www.psychologyinfo.com/depression/major.htm
special occasion speech, topic Tribute Speech, focus honor achievements virtues individual. It link past virtues achievements to present times encouraging listeners continue similar struggles embrace values admire.
Tribute speech:
In honor of Fraser Robinson III, First Lady Michelle Obama's father
Attention-getter: The nation has honored the great accomplishments of President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama. But another, often forgotten hero of the First Family is that of Fraser Robinson III, Michelle Obama's late father.
Although Fraser Robinson III never held political office, his actions supporting his family were heroic.
Preview: During a time of discrimination, when prejudice against African-Americans was still a common part of everyday American life and culture, Fraser Robinson worked hard to cope with a debilitating illness, multiple sclerosis (MS), and still managed to provide for his family and send his children to Ivy League schools.
BODY
I. Fraser Robinson overcame seemingly insurmountable odds to…
Works Cited
Coffey, Wane. "Craig Robinson has always been there for his brother-in-law Barak Obama."
The New York Daily News. November 8, 2008. January 22, 2011.
"Fraser Robinson III." Life in spite of MS. 2008. January 22, 2011.
.. (p. 79).
Conclusion
The research showed that Walker has "ridden the horse" that got him there and has parlayed his country music savvy into an enormous commercial success. Today, Walker has eleven number one single hits to his credit and has sold more than eight million albums. Moreover, Walker's forthrightness and courage following his diagnosis with multiple sclerosis has further endeared him to his legions of fans, and his country music continues to enjoy stellar sales. The last chapter has clearly not been written in the Clay Walker book, and most observers agree that he will continue to enjoy a highly popular career in the years to come.
eferences
Andsager, J.L. & oe, K. (1999). Country Music Video in Country's Year of the Woman. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 79. etrieved January 31, 2005 from Questia Library Database.
Carr, P., Cash, J. And Mcdill, B. (March-April 1998). The row on…
References
Andsager, J.L. & Roe, K. (1999). Country Music Video in Country's Year of the Woman. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 79. Retrieved January 31, 2005 from Questia Library Database.
Carr, P., Cash, J. And Mcdill, B. (March-April 1998). The row on music row. The American Enterprise, 9(2), 52. Retrieved January 31, 2005 from Questia Library Database.
Clay Walker. (2005). Country Music Television (CMT).com. Retrieved January 31, 2005 at http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/walker_clay/bio.jhtml .
Clay's Story. (2005). Clay Walker's Multiple Sclerosis story and biography - Band against MS foundation. Retrieved January 31, 2005 at http://www.bandagainstms.org/clayinfo_story.html.
Sex, Body, and Identity: How the Language of Metaphor Functions in Various Physically-Challenged Individuals' Expression of Identity and Selfhood
In her memoir aist-High in the orld: A Life Among the Nondisabled [sic], author Nancy Mairs, who writes about how having Multiple Sclerosis (MS) had impacted her self-image, body image, and day to-day life, observes that:
In biblical times, physical and mental disorders were thought to signify possession by demons. . . People who were stooped or blind or subject to seizures were clearly not okay as they were but required fixing
Mairs's detailed, often painfully honest reflections on dealing with (in her case, progressive) physical disabilities, e.g., difficulties with walking, sitting, standing straight; brushing her teeth (capabilities most take for granted) shed light on the myriad physical, psychological, emotional, and other challenges that daily fill the lives of those with physical disabilities. Narratives written by individuals with physical disabilities ranging…
Works Cited
Fries, Kenny. Body Remember: A Memoir. New York: Dutton,1997. Retrieved
July 26, 2005, from: .
Hockenberry, John. Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs and Declarations of Independence. New York: Hyperion, 1995. Retrieved July
26, 2005, from: .
Chronic Sorrow
Chronic illness is a concept that was brought to the fore over 40 years ago by Olshansky. The term is used to describe the grief and sadness experience that parents of children with disabilities go through for a lifetime. The intensity of this experience varies from person to person, family member to family member and situation to situation. Olshansky chose to view the phenomenon as a normal and continuous response as opposed to a pathological condition. Experts were encouraged to note the occurrence of the condition when dealing with a parent or a caregiver of a child with disability. They are encouraged to provide support the expressions and feelings of such parents (Peterson & Bredow, 2013, pp. 96-97).
The occurrence of chronic sorrow syndrome was validated by initial research carried out in the 80s. esearchers such as Burke et al. pointed out that the continuous nature of losing…
References
Ahlstrom, G. I. (2007). Experiencing Loss and Chronic Sorrow in Persons with Severe Chronic Illness. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(3A), 76-83. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6313596_Experiencing_loss_and_chronic_sorrow_in_persons_with_severe_chronic_illness
Borkon, D. A. (2008). Is Chronic Sorrow Present in Maternal Caregivers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disordered Children? Adlerian Counselling and Psychotherapy. http://alfredadler.edu/sites/default/files/Borkon%20MP%202009.pdf
Isaksson, A-K. (2007). Chronic Sorrow and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Orebro Studies in Caring Sciences 12. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:137348/FULLTEXT01.pdf&sa=U&ei=mRpOU-_jNoHdtAaX_IHADQ&ved=0CEIQFjAH&usg=AFQjCNEOnPREJrlQluN534bq57kX56S8oQ
Monsson, Y. (2010). The Effects of Hope on Mental Health and Chronic Sorrow in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/6981/Monsson_ku_0099D_10980_DATA_1.pdf?sequence=1
Nurses expressed empathy when I complained of pain or discomfort and promptly advocated for me when the need arose.
While hospitalized in an acute care setting, I feel that because I am a nurse, I did not receive the same degree of scrutiny a non-clinician patients or physician may have been given.
While hospitalized in an acute care setting, I feel that because I am a nurse, I received more consideration than a non-clinician patient may have been given.
While hospitalized in an acute care setting, I feel that because I am a nurse, I received less consideration than a physician may have been given.
I feel that the type, quality, and consistency of care I received while acutely hospitalized did not differ from treatment any other person would have been given.
My experience as a patient contributed to shaping my perception as nurse of the health care environment.
I…
References
Bennett, Leeann RN. (2007). "When a Nurse Becomes a Patient." American Nurses Credentialing Center. Retrieved October 23, 2008, at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/564685
Bowers, Len RMN PhD., McFarlane, Linda BSc, Kiyimba, Frank RMN, Clark, Nicola MA MSc, Alexander, Jane. "Factors underlying and maintaining nurses' attitudes to patients with severe personality disorder." Department of Mental Health Nursing, City University' August 2000, p. 6. Retrieved October 23, 2008, at http://www.city.ac.uk/sonm/dps/research/research_reports/bowers_l/sdp.pdf
Growing question in hospitals: Como esta?," Post and Courier (Charleston, SC). July 24, 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2008, at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1=148588515.html
Hample, Henry. "When Doctors and Nurses Become Patients. Inside MS, June 22, 2000. Retrieved October 23, 2008, at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G163690617.html
The most frequent symptom is difficulty in walking or gait ataxia (Unicorn Self-Help Committee 2000), which spreads slowly to the arms and the trunk. Foot deformities, such as clubfoot, flexion of the toes or foot inversion are other early signs. In time, muscles weaken and waste, especially the muscles in the feet, lower legs and hands and, at this time, deformities s begin to show. Other symptoms are the loss of tendon reflexes especially in the knees and ankles, the gradual disappearance of sensation in the extremities, dysarthria or slowness of speech or slurring, easy fatigue, rapid and involuntary movements of the eyes, scoliosis, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, heart enlargement, myocardial fibrosis, tachycardia, heart block and heart failure. Studies showed that about 20% of FA patients also develop carbohydrate intolerance and 10%, of diabetes mellitus, while others lose their hearing or eyesight.
In most cases, the patient gets…
Bibliography
Adler, Tina. Single Gene Causes Ataxia, Cancer Risk - Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Gene Causes Fetal Disorder or Increased Risk of Cancer. Science News: Science Service, Inc., 1995. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n25_v147/ai_7142442
Barrett, Julia. Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, Gale Research, 1999. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2601/ai_2601000157
Bird, Thomas D. Hereditary Ataxia Overview. Gene Reviews: National Human Genome Research Institute, 2005. http://www.geneclinics.org/profiles/ataxia/details.html
Robinson, Richard. Friedreich's Ataxia. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Gale Research, 1999. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0005/ai_2601000562
disabilities as 'deficits.' Even though I did not harbor prejudices against the disabled or regard people who had disabilities as 'inferior,' I viewed disabilities as challenges that had to be overcome. This class has helped me see persons with disabilities as people with particular conditions or differences, not as people defined by a singular characteristic. Everyone has personal deficits and strengths, but needing 'talking books' to read a book does not make a blind or dyslexic person defined by their condition any more than someone who needs glasses to see the same text. Defining persons with disabilities as people 'with' specific conditions, such as saying that Johnny is a child 'with ADHD' rather than a 'hyperactive kid,' much as you would say someone is 'a person who wears glasses' rather than a 'glasses-wearing friend' has been helpful in changing my mindset.
Before I took this course, I also had a…
318. However, in this and other studies, it seems that lack of effectiveness may be due to a cessation of the CBT and not due to its lack of effectiveness while in treatment (Belleville, 2011, p. 318). egardless, there are very few, if any, studies that show evidence of negative effects of CBT.
An additional factor that should be taken into account in Isabella's case is that substance use may be involved. Neither the DSM nor the DASS questionnaires address the theory that substance use may exacerbate or may be premorbid to anxiety/depression/stress disorders. Perhaps additional questionnaire(s) regarding substance use should have been presented to her. The Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire is an example of a questionnaire that directly addresses substance use by assessing use by the patient (Connor, 2010).
An important additional consideration regarding Isabella's case is that in her verbal report she states that her inability to relax and…
References
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (4th Ed.) Text Revision. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric
Association.
Belleville G., Guay S., Marchand a. (2011). Persistence of sleep disturbances following cognitive-behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic
ecause of the overall negative side effects, many opponents will argue that despite the positive benefits, the drawbacks of using the drug are severe. (Morrow, 2009) This is the reason why it should remain illegal (because of: these negative side effects). An example of this can be seen with comment from the Institute of Medicine which found, "The most compelling concerns regarding marijuana smoking in HIV / AIDS patients are the possible effects of marijuana on immunity. Reports of opportunistic fungal and bacterial pneumonia in AIDS patients who used marijuana suggest that marijuana smoking either suppresses the immune system or exposes patients to an added burden of pathogens. In summary, patients with preexisting immune deficits due to AIDS should be expected to be vulnerable to serious harm caused by smoking marijuana." ("Top Ten Pros and Cons," 2006)
What this shows is the conflicting opinions, as to if medical marijuana can…
Bibliography
Top Ten Pros and Cons. (2009, May 6). Retrieved March 18, 2010 from Medial Marijuana website: http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000141
Foreman, J. (2009, July 13). Evil Weed or Useful Drug. Retrieved March 19, 2010 from Boston Globe website: http://www.boston.com/news/health/articles/2009/07/13/the_pros_and_cons_of_medical_marijuana/?page=1
General, S. (2007, May 7). Marijuana Pros and Cons. Retrieved March 19, 2010 from Steady Health website: http://www.steadyhealth.com/articles/Marijuana__Pros_and_cons_a67_f0.html
Morrow, a. (2009, April 26). What are the Pros and Cons of Medical Marijuana. Retrieved March 19, 2010 from About.com website: http://dying.about.com/od/symptommanagement/f/med_mj_procon.htm
In the final analysis, heavy metals are like many other substances found in nature; oxygen, for example, is essential for life but can be enormously harmful and even deadly if present in sufficient concentrations. Likewise, heavy metals were shown to be essential for many human endeavors, but a growing body of evidence suggests that long-term exposure to such substances can have significant adverse health consequences.
eferences
Baos, ., Blas, J., Bortolotti, G.., Marchant, T.A. & Hiraldo, F. (2006). Adrenocortical response to stress and thyroid hormone status in free-living nestling white storks (Ciconia) exposed to heavy metal and arsenic contamination. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(10), 1497.
Bothwell, S. (2001, Fall). Spreading it. Alternatives Journal, 27(4), 10.
Carter, F.W. & Turnock, D. (2002). Environmental problems of East Central Europe. London: outledge.
Coon, S., Stark, a., Peterson, E., Gloi, a., Kortsha, G., Pounds, J., Chettle, D. & Gorell, J. (2006). Whole-body lifetime occupational lead…
References
Baos, R., Blas, J., Bortolotti, G.R., Marchant, T.A. & Hiraldo, F. (2006). Adrenocortical response to stress and thyroid hormone status in free-living nestling white storks (Ciconia) exposed to heavy metal and arsenic contamination. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(10), 1497.
Bothwell, S. (2001, Fall). Spreading it. Alternatives Journal, 27(4), 10.
Carter, F.W. & Turnock, D. (2002). Environmental problems of East Central Europe. London: Routledge.
Coon, S., Stark, a., Peterson, E., Gloi, a., Kortsha, G., Pounds, J., Chettle, D. & Gorell, J. (2006). Whole-body lifetime occupational lead exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(12), 1872.
Probable causes accounting for this are a holdup in the identification of cardiovascular ailment in women might not be enough to reveal medical implication. Variation in the accepted chronology of coronary arterial ailments is found in the genders, especially connected with the effect of menopause. Age of appearance, appearing of signs, influence of different causes of danger, and results of treatment vary between the sexes. (Tecce; Dasgupta; Doherty, 22)
In general, coronary artery ailment occurs 10 years past in life in women compared to men, and the median age for MI in case of women is approximately 20 years older, branding coronary heart ailment which affects elderly women. The causes for these disparities is not wholly intelligible, even if the prevalence of the sickness of coronary artery in women in the fertility years becomes low, signifying that endogenous hormones seems to exercise a defensive part beyond menopause. Postmenopausal women rapidly…
References
Barnett, Rosalind C. Gender, Job Stress and Illness. Psychosocial and Organizational Factors. Volume 2; No: 1; 2000; pp: 1-34; 77
Carmel S; Bernstein JH. Gender Differences in Physical Health and Psychosocial Well Being among Four Age-Groups of Elderly People in Israel. International Journal of Age and Human Development. Volume: 56; No; 2; 2003; pp: 113-131
Deborah, Gesensway. Reasons for Sex-Specific and Gender-Specific Study of Health Topics. The Annals of Internal Medicine. 2001; Volume: 135; No: 1; pp: 935-938.
Evangelista LS; Kagawa-Singer, M; Dracup K. Gender Differences in Health Perceptions and Meaning in Persons Living with Heart Failure. Heart Lung. Volume: 30; No: 3; May-June 2001; pp: 167-176
Legalization of Marijuana
Marijuana is one of the most popular recreational drugs in the United States, exceeded in popularity by only alcohol and tobacco. Recent research reveals that "more than 70 million Americans have smoked marijuana at some point in their lives, and that 18-20 million have smoked during the last year (NORML, 1999)."
According to R. Keith Stroup, Esq., the executive director of National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML, 1999), "Like most Americans, the vast majority of these millions of marijuana smokers are otherwise law-abiding citizens who work hard, raise families and contribute to their communities..." A national survey revealed that 32% of voting adults in the U.S. have acknowledged having smoked marijuana at some point in their lives.
The legalization of marijuana has been a topic of controversy for several years. Many proponents of the drug argue that marijuana should be legalized for both medical…
Bibliography
Marijuana Policy Project (MPP). (March 30, 1998). Multiple Sclerosis Patient Arrested for Using Medicinal Marijuana in U.S. Rep. Jim Rogan's Office. Retrieved from the Internet at http://www.mpp.org/releases/nr033098.html .
National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). (1999). Federally Commissioned Study Supports Medical Marijuana, Dismisses Drug's "High Potential For Abuse. Retrieved from the Internet at http://www.norml.org/medical/iomresponse.shtml .
National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. (1999). Testimony of R. Keith Stroup, Esq. Retrieved from the Internet at http://www.norml.org/recreational/testimony99.shtml .
Rosenthal, Ed. Kubby, Steve. (2003). Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. Thundermouth Press.
Genitourinary
SENSOY INDOO/OUTDOO ENVIONMENT
What further questions do you have for Laura at this visit?
1,) Are you having frequent urination?
Do you have any pain in your abdomen?
Do you noticed that there is a change in color and odor of your urine?
Do you have painful intercourse?
Do you have any nausea, vomiting?
Do you have any fever, or chills?
Any history of mental illness?
Do you have any changes in sleep pattern?
Do you have any kind of abnormal uterine bleeding?
What is your differential diagnosis list for this visit thus far with rationale?
Cystitis in Females
Multiple Sclerosis
Prostatitis
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Spinal Cord Trauma and elated Diseases
Spinal Epidural Abscess
Urinary Obstruction
Urinary Tract Infection in Males
Uterine Prolapse in Emergency Medicine
Vaginitis
Based on your differential diagnoses list, identify what body systems you'd examine along with pertinent positive/negatives in each system and any diagnostic…
References
Genitourinary Assessment. (2016, February 15). Retrieved from https://www.crnbc.ca/Standards/CertifiedPractice/Documents/FirstCall/713GenitourinaryAssessmentAdultDST.pdf
J. Maxwell White, J. (2012, May 7). Chapter 180An Overview of the Genitourinary System. Retrieved from Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition.: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK290/
Medscape. (2016, February 15). Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/797295-treatment
Chronic Sorrow Theory
The term 'chronic sorrow' may be described as sadness of a persistent, periodically severe, increasing, and lasting nature. This condition may be triggered in a person because of ongoing loss, arising from personal chronic disease, a loved one's illness, or personal disability (Isaksson, 2007, p. 18). Olshansky (1962) first put forward the "chronic sorrow" concept when working with children suffering from physical or mental disabilities and members of their family (parents, siblings, etc.). The researcher noted that these children' parents exhibited a persistent psychological response to their experience of being the parents of a physically or mentally disabled child (Monsson, 2010, p. 16). Through inductive reasoning, the chronic sorrow theory -- a middle range model -- was developed, which was corroborated using both qualitative research and literature review. (Peterson & Bredow, 2013, p. 98)
The chronic sorrow theory helps create a framework to comprehend individuals' reactions to…
References
Azar, R. & Solomon, C. R. (2001). Coping Strategies of Parents Facing Child Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Paediatric Nursing, 16(6), 418-428. doi:10.1053/jpdn.2001.27878 http://www.mta.ca/pshl/docs/copingstrategiesparents.pdf
Cousino, M. K. & Hazen, R. A. (2013). Parenting Stress among Caregivers of Children with Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review. Journal of Paediatric Psychology, doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst049. http://jpepsy.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/07/10/jpepsy.jst049.full
Eakes, G., Burke, M. L. & Hainsworth, M. A. (1998). Middle-Range theory of Chronic Sorrow. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 30(2), pp. 179(6). http://www.psychodyssey.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Middle-range-theory-of-chronic-sorrow.pdf
Isaksson, A-K. (2007). Chronic Sorrow and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Orebro Studies in Caring Sciences 12. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:137348/FULLTEXT01.pdf&sa=U&ei=mRpOU-_jNoHdtAaX_IHADQ&ved=0CEIQFjAH&usg=AFQjCNEOnPREJrlQluN534bq57kX56S8oQ
Abstract
Cannabis contains more than one hundred and twenty distinct chemical compounds known collectively as cannabinoids. One of those canabinoids is cannabidol, commonly abbreviated and referred to as CBD. While CBD has no psychoactive properties, it may be beneficial for treating specific medical conditions including chronic pain. CBD can be used orally or topically. In its topical form, CBD is typically added to a carrier oil. Topical applications of CBD oils include the management of pain due to arthritis and inflammation. Research continues to mount suggesting the additional benefits of oral administration of CBD to treat epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, and anxiety. Because CBD does not produce known side effects, euphoric or otherwise, it has also garnered attention for its relative safety especially vis-a-vis its sister compounds found in cannabis. CBD also presents tremendous opportunities for market-related growth in the budding international cannabis industry.
Introduction
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one…
" (Stone, 2006) Treatment is stated by Stone (2006) to be "diagnosis dependent and may be medical or surgical." Practical modifications include simple steps such as crushing of pills or opening of capsules to ease and facilitate swallowing.
The work of Leibovitz, et al. (2007) entitled: 'Dehydration Among Long-Term Care Elderly Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia" states that long-term care (LTC) residents in the nursing home "especially the orally fed with dysphagia are prone to dehydration. The clinical consequences of dehydration are critical. The validity of the common laboratory parameters of hydration status is far from being absolute, especially so in the elderly." (Leibovitz, et al., 2007) it is related however that "combinations of these indices are more reliable." (Leibovitz, et al., 2007) the study reported by Leibovitz et al. is one that assessed hydration status among elderly LTC residents with oropharyngeal dysphagia and in which a total of 28 orally…
Bibliography
Spieker, Michael R. (2000) Evaluating Dysphagia. American Family Physician 14 Jun 2000. Online available at http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000615/3639.html
Marik, Paul E. And Kaplan, Danielle (2003) Aspiration Pneumonia and Dysphagia in the Elderly. Chest. July 2003. Vol. 1224, No. 1. Online available at http://www.chestjournal.org/content/124/1/328.full
Bautmans, I., et al. (2008) Dysphagia in elderly nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment can be attenuated by cervical spine mobilization. J. Rehabil Med. 2008 Oct;40(9):755-60. PubMed Online available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=18843429
Stone, Rebecca S. (2006) Dysphagia in the Elderly. Inpatient Times. October 2006. Online available at http://www.bmc.org/geriatrics/RStone_DysphagiaintheElderly.pdf
eferences
Condic, M.L. (2007, January). What We Know about Embryonic Stem Cells. First Things: A Monthly Journal of eligion and Public Life 25+.
Patel, K., & ushefsky, M. (2005). President Bush and Stem Cell Policy: The Politics of Policy Making. White House Studies, 5(1), 37+.
Pickrell, J. (2006, September). "Instant Expert: Stem Cells." NewScientist.com news service. etrieved on March 4, 2007 at http://www.newscientist.com/channel/sex/stem-cells/dn9982
Shapiro, .S. (2006). Bioethics and the Stem Cell esearch Debate. Social Education, 70(4), 203+.
Stem Cell Basics." (2006). Stem Cell Information from the National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. etrieved on March 4, 2007 at http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/
Wagner, C.G. (2007, January/February). Values Conflicts in Stem-Cell esearch: Governments Struggle with Bioethical Issues. The Futurist, 41, 8+.
Precursor cells are also known as pluripotent cells, i.e., having the ability to replicate (to form other stem cells) and to make all other specialized cells that make…
References
Condic, M.L. (2007, January). What We Know about Embryonic Stem Cells. First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life 25+.
Patel, K., & Rushefsky, M. (2005). President Bush and Stem Cell Policy: The Politics of Policy Making. White House Studies, 5(1), 37+.
Pickrell, J. (2006, September). "Instant Expert: Stem Cells." NewScientist.com news service. Retrieved on March 4, 2007 at http://www.newscientist.com/channel/sex/stem-cells/dn9982
Shapiro, R.S. (2006). Bioethics and the Stem Cell Research Debate. Social Education, 70(4), 203+.
Pedagogic Model for Teaching of Technology to Special Education Students
Almost thirty years ago, the American federal government passed an act mandating the availability of a free and appropriate public education for all handicapped children. In 1990, this act was updated and reformed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which itself was reformed in 1997. At each step, the goal was to make education more equitable and more accessible to those with special educational needs. During the last presidential term, the "No Child Left Behind" Act attempted to assure that individuals with disabilities were increasingly mainstreamed and assured of high educational results. All of these legislative mandates were aimed at insuring that children with disabilities were not defrauded of the public education which has become the birthright of all American children. The latest reforms to IDEA, for example, provided sweeping reforms which not only expanded the classification of special…
Many of the answers used to hold workers with disabilities can also crack work-related problems of older workers. But older workers would not point out that they are disabled, even though they may come across functional limitations that are comparable to those met by persons with disabilities. Elder workers with vision, hearing, dexterity, memory, attention, standing, and/or sitting disabilities may come across difficulties on the job. There are a range of AT aids and other useful products available to tackle the issues that older workers may experience. (Assistive Technology and Aging)
6. Describe a process as to how assistive technology devices will be transferred to and/or purchased by another agency to support postsecondary activities
Once the nature of the needs have been identified, you can then look at the appropriate assistive technology devices and services. It is also important, that most technologically advanced system may not be the best solution.…
References
"A framework for assistive technology planning" (2002) Education Tech Points. Retrieved from http://www.edtechpoints.org/manual.htm Accessed on 20 February 2005
"Assistive Technology and Aging" Virginia Assistive Technology System. Retrieved from http://www.vats.org/aging.htm Accessed on 20 February 2005
Assistive Technology Fact Sheet #2. (November 30, 2004) Department of Public Instruction and Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.wati.org/BestPractices/factsheet2.html Accessed on 20 February 2005
'Assistive Technology: What is it?" Massachusetts Department of Education. Retrieved from http://library.thinkquest.org/11799/data/assistech.html Accessed on 20 February 2005
Depression in Adolescence
Depression in Adolescents
The link between symptoms, etiology, core biochemical processes, treatment outcome, and treatment response of affective (mood) disorders is yet to be adequately understood for allowing their categorization, such that it meets universal approval. Still, one has to make an attempt in this regard, and researchers propose a potentially-acceptable one, derived from extensive consultation.
In case of affective disorders, the basic disturbance is an affect (mood) change, typically extreme elation or depression (without or with related anxiety). An overall activity level change generally accompanies this change of mood, and a majority of other related symptoms either will be conveniently recognized in the context of these changes, or will be secondary to them. Most disorders have a tendency of repetition, and the commencement of individual bouts is usually linked to stressful circumstances or occurrences.
The key criteria of classification of affective disorders have been selected for…
References
Algon, S., Yi, J., Calkins, M.E., Kohler, C. And Borgmann-Winter, K.E. (2013). Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Psychotic Symptoms. Current psychiatry reports. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3500659/
Christie, A. (2007). Childhood anxiety: Occupational disruption. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(2),31-39. Available at http://www.cin.ufpe.br/~fbcpf/PAMPIE/childhood%20anxiety%20Occupational%20disruption.pdf
Halverson, J. L. (1994-2016). Depression Differential Diagnoses. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-differential
Lewis, A. J., Bertino, M. D., Skewes, J., Shand, L., Borojevic, N., Knight, T., Lubman, D.I., Toumbourou, J.W. (2013, Nov 13). Adolescent depressive disorders and family based interventions in the family options multicenter evaluation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Available at: http://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6215-14-384
Depression in Adolescence
Depression in Adolescents
The link between symptoms, etiology, core biochemical processes, treatment outcome, and treatment response of affective (mood) disorders is yet to be adequately understood for allowing their categorization, such that it meets universal approval. Still, one has to make an attempt in this regard, and researchers propose a potentially-acceptable one, derived from extensive consultation.
In case of affective disorders, the basic disturbance is an affect (mood) change, typically extreme elation or depression (without or with related anxiety). An overall activity level change generally accompanies this change of mood, and a majority of other related symptoms either will be conveniently recognized in the context of these changes, or will be secondary to them. Most disorders have a tendency of repetition, and the commencement of individual bouts is usually linked to stressful circumstances or occurrences.
The key criteria of classification of affective disorders have been selected for…
References
Algon, S., Yi, J., Calkins, M.E., Kohler, C. And Borgmann-Winter, K.E. (2013). Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Psychotic Symptoms. Current psychiatry reports. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3500659/
Christie, A. (2007). Childhood anxiety: Occupational disruption. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(2),31-39. Available at http://www.cin.ufpe.br/~fbcpf/PAMPIE/childhood%20anxiety%20Occupational%20disruption.pdf
Halverson, J. L. (1994-2016). Depression Differential Diagnoses. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-differential
Lewis, A. J., Bertino, M. D., Skewes, J., Shand, L., Borojevic, N., Knight, T., Lubman, D.I., Toumbourou, J.W. (2013, Nov 13). Adolescent depressive disorders and family based interventions in the family options multicenter evaluation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Available at: http://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6215-14-384
Wyeth may have been prescient in recognizing the need to break the mold in pharmaceutical research: the old model of heavy, expensive and long research projects (with a concomitant high rate of failure) needed to be addressed. Also, the earlier emphasis on the industry in finding the "next blockbuster" is now giving way to the new realities of smaller niches, more specialized products, and shorter product development cycles.
Appendix
Wyeth Rated est in Pharmaceutical Industry on the Wall Street Journal Patent Scorecard
Madison, N.J., August 9, 2007 - Wyeth (NYSE: WYE) announced today that the August 7, 2007 issue of the Wall Street Journal® Patent Scorecard ™ ranks Wyeth first among 35 global pharmaceutical companies evaluated for patent-based intellectual property, as measured by indicators including patents granted; quality of patents; Science Strength™, or the degree to which a company's patent portfolio is linked to core science; Research Intensity™, a comparative…
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Cremieux, P-Y, Meilleur, M-C.,Ouellette, P., Petit, SP, Zelder, M and Potvin, K. "Public and private pharmaceutical spending as determinants of health outcomes in Canada." Health Economics (2004): 107-116.
Epsicom. Wyeth: Performance, Products, Pipeline and Potential. Investor. New York: Epsicom Healthcare Intelligence, 2007.
FDA. "Humanitarian Use Exemption." 2007. FDA. 21 October 2007 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfHDE/HDEInformation.cfm .
Feick, K. "Pharmaceutical Industry Faces Multiple Challenges - Future lies in Drug Pipeline Sustainability." Medical News Today 26 May 2005: n.p.
Guidelines for Enteral Feeding are important because it maintains the strength and viability of gut associated lymphoid tissue called GALT. This is important as the structure of the cells in the GALT or lymphoid tissue must remain stable. In addition this supports the mucus associated lymph tissues or MALT in order for function of lungs, kidneys, and liver. The criticality of proper nutrition to these organs is very time sensitive. Therefore clear guidelines as to Enteral Feeding are essential to aiding the sustenance of the life and viability of the patient (ASPEN, 2009). With proper Enteral Feeding the risk associated with bacterial infection is increased. This may trigger MODS or multiple organ dysfunctions. When a disease increases in severity, EN can provide sustenance to the organs to trigger immune response. Standardized guidelines ensures the same treatment for similar cases of illness. This reduces the uncertainty of prescribed treatment and also…
References
ASPEN Clinical Laboratories (2009). Guidelines for support of nutritional support therapy in adult nutritional therapy. Retrieved October 1, 2011 from http://www.nutritioncare.org/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=3396
Jellis, J.A. (2010). Enteral Feeding Guidelines. Retrieved October 1, 2011 from https://www.ldh.nhs.uk/Ldh_nhs_website_documents/EMERGENCY_MEDICINE/enteralfeedingguidelines.pdf
Personal Professional Healthcare Communication Paper
What is Healthcare Communication?
Communication can be generally defined and the method of imparting information from a source to targets. The process of sharing thus has its own set of rules and for human communication the written and spoken words are used. There is also a series of communication called non-verbal which is also significant. There are behaviors that show what a person thinks or feels is also communication. (Berry, 2007)
These types of communication applies in the health care settings too. Health communication may be defined as the study of the means of communication and its strategies not only to communicate to individuals but to the community thus creating decisions on health questions. Thus for the health service the communication within itself and the society concerned with individual and public health, is a very important field that requires specialization and research in medical information…
References
Berry, Dianne. (2007) "Health Communication: Theory and Practice." Open University Press:
Maidenhead, England.
Diebold Institute for Public Policy Studies. (1995) "Healthcare Info structures: The
Development of Information-Based Infrastructures for the Healthcare Industry." Praeger: Westport, CT.
Schizophrenia on the Mind and Body
An Analysis of the Etiology of Schizophrenia and Its Impact on the Mind and Body
Perhaps no other human condition has received so much publicity, but remains so misunderstood by the general public as schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is widely believed to be associated with multiple personalities and other acute symptoms that would make sufferers readily apparent; however, the reality of the condition is that people can have schizophrenia and never know it. However, while much has been learned about the disease and its etiology over the last hundred years, much remains unclear about who is at risk and precisely how the disease progresses. Nevertheless, a number of efficacious treatments have been identified, and today, some schizophrenics recover completely or sufficiently enough to lead normal and productive lives. This paper provides an overview of schizophrenia and its incidence, the etiology of the disease and its symptoms,…
Works Cited
Alanen, Yrjo O. And Sirkka-Liisa Leinonen. Schizophrenia: Its Origins and Need-Adapted
Treatment. London: Karnac Books, 1997.
Beebe, Lora Humphrey. (2003). Theory-Based Research in Schizophrenia. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 39(2):67.
Bigelow, Llewellyn B. et al. Schizophrenia and Manic-Depressive Disorder: The Biological
Cognitive Aspects of the Aging Process
The purpose of this work is to define cognition and to explain the effects of aging on the brain in relation to memory, attention, metacognition, effects on languaging and the effects of aging on the executive function and finally cognitive function in very old age. This will be inclusive of primary cognitive diseases found in aging adults such as dementia and Alzheimer's.
Medical science continues to discover more about aging with each passing year. Cognitive effects of aging are one element that the aging individual must face as well as something that family and friends of the individual will cope with at some point. Cognition is defined as "the mental process of knowing, thinking, learning, and judging." (Online Medical Dictionary, 2005) Therefore the elderly experienced "cognitive dysfunction" is defined as "disturbance to the mental processes of knowing, thinking, learning and judging." Disturbances or dysfunctions…
Is there anything special about the aging of source memory?
Psychol Aging. 2005 Mar;20(1):19-32.
PMID: 15769211 [PubMed - in process]
Sigmund Freud and Jean Martin Charcot
Psychology refers to the applied and academic discipline that includes the scientific study of behaviors and mental functions. Anyone who has studied psychology has the immediate understanding groups and individuals through the general principles establish by renowned professionals in this field. Psychologists attempt to understand the role played by mental functions in social behaviors and individuals whilst exploring the biological and psychological process that underlie behaviors and cognitive functions. This study endeavors to explain the important contributions made by two psychologists namely Sigmund Feud and Jean Martin Charcot, and the similarities and contrasts of their contributions.
Sigmund Freud and his contributions
He was a neurologist based in Australia and lived between 1856 and 1939. He was the founder of psychoanalysis. He graduated from the University of Vienna as a qualified doctor and carried out extensive research into aphasia, cerebral palsy and microscopic neuroanatomical. He…
References
Freud, S., & Strachey, J. (2001). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud: early psycho-analytic publications. Vol. 7, 1901-1905, A case of hysteria, three essays on sexuality and other works. London: Vintage.
Huberman, G., & Charcot, J.M. (2003). Invention of hysteria: Charcot and the photographic iconography of the Salpe-trie-re. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Mental Health Treatment Approaches for Older AdultsOverview of mental health issues in the elderlyOld age is a natural occurrence for every human being, a stage in growth accompanied by several changes, which can be negative and identified as problems. Some of these problems are a rise in morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, and functional status loss. A large number of evidence associates these problems with common mental disorders to which the elderly are prone. A combination of depression and anxiety is a very common occurrence in the elderly, being so prevalent, one-half of elderly patients report significant anxiety or depressive symptoms (Parkar, 2015). The changing nature of current society has redefined the social role of the elderly within the family and community, eliminating the traditional life-sustaining and fostering influences the elderly contributed. As a result of these, the elderly are socially isolated. Many are committed to a nursing home or an institution…
ReferencesAlzheimer’s Association. (2012). Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures, Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 131–168.Craft, S., Baker, L. D., Montine, T. J., Minoshima, S., Watson, G. S., Claxton, A., ... & Gerton, B. (2012). Intranasal insulin therapy for Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a pilot clinical trial. Archives of neurology, 69(1), 29-38.Hickey, D. (2019). The impact of a national public awareness campaign on dementia knowledge and help-seeking intention in Ireland. Dublin: Health Service Executive.Hughes, J., & Common, J. (2015). Ethical issues in caring for patients with dementia. Nursing Standard (2014+), 29(49), 42.Johnson, R. A., & Karlawish, J. (2015). A review of ethical issues in dementia. International psychogeriatrics, 27(10), 1635.Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., ... & Mukadam, N. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10248), 413-446.Loewenstein, D. A., Acevedo, A., Czaja, S. J., & Duara, R. (2004). Cognitive rehabilitation of mildly impaired Alzheimer disease patients on cholinesterase inhibitors. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12(4), 395-402.Montgomery, E. B. (2020). Practice Parameter: Evaluation and treatment of depression, psychosis, and dementia in PD. American Academy of Neurology.Morris, J. C., Aisen, P. S., Bateman, R. J., Benzinger, T. L., Cairns, N. J., Fagan, A. M., ... & Buckles, V. D. (2012). Developing an international network for Alzheimer research: the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network. Clinical investigation, 2(10), 975.Musiek, E. S., & Schindler, S. E. (2013). Alzheimer disease: current concepts & future directions. Missouri medicine, 110(5), 395.Panegyres, P. K., Berry, R., & Burchell, J. (2016). Early Dementia Screening. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 6(1), 6. Parkar, S. R. (2015). Elderly mental health: needs. Mens sana monographs, 13(1), 91.Perel, V. D. (1998). Psychosocial impact of Alzheimer’s disease. JAMA, 279(13), 1038-1039.Shi, L., Chen, S. J., Ma, M. Y., Bao, Y. P., Han, Y., Wang, Y. M., ... & Lu, L. (2018). Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep medicine reviews, 40, 4-16.Thomason, C. (2012). Benefits of cognitive stimulation for people with dementia. Nursing times, 108(45), 23.Vossel, K. A., Tartaglia, M. C., Nygaard, H. B., Zeman, A. Z., & Miller, B. L. (2017). Epileptic activity in Alzheimer’s disease: causes and clinical relevance. The Lancet Neurology, 16(4), 311-322.WHO, (2017, Dec. 12). Mental health of older adults. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults WHO, (2020, Sept. 21). Dementia. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia Woods, B., Aguirre, E., Spector, A. E., & Orrell, M. (2012). Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2).
Another area of development in psychology that is likely to see great amounts of growth over the next couple of decades is Evolutionary Psychology. Evolutionary theory has made great inroads into the science of Psychology over the past decade. The theory has been both controversial and informative, leading to new areas of inquiry and helping psychologists to gain a greater understanding of human behavior, thought, development and history (ozin, 2010). When psychologists are able to determine that one aspect of humanity has evolutionary roots, they can rule out other causes, such as culture or environment, which can then in turn lead to a better understanding of how the human mind functions. The more we understand about how the brain functions, the better equipped we are to battle against the dysfunctions of the brain (ozin, 2010).
As the majority of the population begins to age, there will be a growing interest…
References
Gladwell, M. (2005). Blink. New York: Black Bay Books.
Goodwin, C.J. (1999). A History of Modern Psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Hayflic, L. (2000). The Future of Ageing. Nature, 408, 267-269.
Neisser, U. (2009). Cognitive Psychology. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 17, 2009, from Grolier Online http://gme.grolier.com.ccny- proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0066790-0
President Richard Nixon chose to ignore and through the whole report into the garbage. Instead, he had the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) created and were given authority enter homes without knocking and to use wiretaps and gather intelligence virtually on anyone Milestones. In the 1980's President Ronald Reagan continued the war by advocated his own war and it was estimated that due to these wars, someone was arrested on a violation of a marijuana law every 38 seconds.
Thankfully, these wars have become more focused on the real drug problems that are primarily synthetic or man made or used in ways never imagined. But heroin and methamphitamines are clearly not health regimens. They kill people every day, cause real crimes and ruin families, lives and destroys entire groups.
The first step in changing the view of marijuana began with the legalization for medical usage. The compassions for the ill allowed…
Works Cited
"42.0 Milestones in the History of Marijuana." N.p., 9 May 2010. Web. .
Buchanan, Wyatt. "State's Voters to Decide on Legalizing Pot." San Fransisco Chronicle, n.d. Web. 9 May 2010. .
"Campaigns That Matter - Legalizing Marijuana in California." Campaigns That Matter - California Politics, California Political News, California Legislative News, Public Policy Information, California State Elections, California Political Campaigns, California Propositions. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2010. .
Gray, Jim. Judgejimgray.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2010. .
A good example of this can be seen with popular Chinese talk show host Yang Lang donating $72 million, to start his own foundation to: help support and develop the health care system. This is important, because it shows how both international and domestic-based non-profits are addressing these underlying problems facing the health care sector. (Dobryzski, 2010)
Clearly, the biggest challenges facing the health care systems in the United States and China are vastly different. Yet, they are also wrestling with similar problems, as they face the issue of increasing numbers in the elderly population. In the case of the United States, this is challenging because there are a variety of disadvantages that must be addressed to include: they have access to some of the most cutting edge procedures, there is large number of choices about health care providers and the elderly can be able to receive effective treatment for…
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Advanced Practice Nurses. (2010). Bukisa. Retrieved from: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/352958_advanced-practice-nurses-a-global-role
Health Systems. (n.d.). WHO. Retrieved from: gis.emro.who.int/HealthSystemObservatory/.../Conceptual%20frameworks. Ppt Health Care in China. (2006). IBM. Retrieved from: http://www-05.ibm.com/de/healthcare/downloads/healthcare_china.pdf
More About RN's. (2011). ANA. Retrieved from: http://www.nursingworld.org/especiallyforyou/studentnurses/rnsapns.aspx
Opportunities in the Health Care Sector. (2006). Grail Research. Retrieved from: http://www.grailresearch.com/pdf/ContenPodsPdf/Opportunities_in_the_China_Healthcare_Sector.pdf
It is because policemen may succumb to corruption; especially when their salaries are minimal and the money earned by drug dealers are immense. The legalization of drugs will eliminate such acts of illegality.
The government and elected officials have a significant amount of say and rule as to what passes as a law and what does not. Such representatives are to symbolize and stand for what the people want. However, with so many voices and opinions of how certain issues should be and what should be ruled as legal, conflicts arise. Controversy is heavily shrouded in the dilemma around the legalization of drugs, and whether the government should permit the legal selling, purchase of narcotics like alcohol and tobacco. If such law is passed, the government and its citizens are affected economically, judicially, medically, and socially. Economically, the government is able to receive billions of dollars in revenue and reduce…
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Block, W. "Drug Prohibition: A Legal and Economic Analysis." Journal of Business Ethics 12.9 (1993): 689-700. Print.
Cussen, M, and W. Block. "Legalize Drugs Now! An Analysis of the Benefits of the Legalized Drugs." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 59.3 (2000): 525-536. Print.
"Drug War Clock | DrugSense." DrugSense. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2011. .
"Economic Consequences of the War on Drugs." Drug Policy Alliance: Alternatives to Marijuana Prohibition and the Drug War. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2011. .
The obvious implication is that the pairing of hands-on, inquiry-based active-learning teaching methods with cooperative learning holds tremendous potential for improved learning and social development of grade school students. Naturally, that would be an appropriate and likely productive area for future research in the area of effective teaching methodologies.
Conclusion
Cooperative learning has demonstrated tremendous beneficial potential as a modern educational method capable of increasing learning. Evidence also strongly suggests that cooperative learning is an equally valuable tool for increasing the educational value of academic programs for mildly disabled student populations, as well as for their integration into the mainstream student population. Beyond academic achievement, cooperative learning seems to benefit students emotionally and in terms of their development of communications and cooperation skills. Ultimately, its greatest value may be in conjunction with the more general shift toward active learning instead of the traditional focus on passive learning that has long…
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Active Learning in Tomorrow's Schools. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Huber RA. And Moore CJ. "A Model for Extending Hands-on Science to Be Inquiry
Based." School Science and Mathematics, Vol. 101, No. 1 (2001): 32-35.
In such situations, "especially if the comments have been made repeatedly" the employer may not be able to fire the employee at will. This seems to be the case with Joe, given the statements he received from his supervisors (Nolo, 2010). In the future, it would be wise for the Strong Steel Company to be careful about making such sweeping statements to employees, to protect the company's interests should the employee use such statements as evidence that they could only be fired with a 'cause.'
Even if the employer argues that there was no implied contract about his employment status, Joe's firing seems clearly linked to his ADA-qualified disability, given that he was told, after he returned to his employment after his operation that his employer felt that Joe was not doing a good job because of his heart problems. Joe, however, had only taken part-time leave for a relatively…
References
The Americans with Disabilities Act: Title II Technical Assistance Manual. (2010). Americans
with Disability Act. Retrieved February 7, 2010 at http://www.ada.gov/taman2.html
Employment at will: What does it mean? (2010). Nolo. Retrieved February 7, 2010 at http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/article-30022.html
Facts about age discrimination. (2010). Equal opportunity Commission (EEOC).
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Obama endorsed an Illinois handgun ban while he was serving in the Illinois state legislature and also supports a ban on semi-automatic weapons. However, the current President professed his…
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The Georgetown Phase I study was only able to find nine suitable patients with MS who had sufficiently stable types of the illness to make conducting a research study…
Read Full Paper ❯Mythology - Religion
Disability is a problem that affects millions of people. In the last few decades, several pieces of legislation were passed to help eliminate discrimination of disabled people in the…
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Chronic sorrow is a continuous, pervasive sadness and also permanent and intermittently intense. An individual often encounters loss experience because of their disability, relative or chronic illness (Isaksson, 2007,…
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Dimitrios Karussis and Ibrahim Kassis, in the article, "Use of Stem Cells for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis," conclude, "In the current review, the various types of stem cells, which…
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orks Cited Carney, Robert M.; Kenneth E .Freedland. (2009). Treatment-resistant depression and mortality after acute coronary syndrome. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(4), 410-7. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from…
Read Full Paper ❯Black Studies
special occasion speech, topic Tribute Speech, focus honor achievements virtues individual. It link past virtues achievements to present times encouraging listeners continue similar struggles embrace values admire. Tribute speech:…
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.. (p. 79). Conclusion The research showed that Walker has "ridden the horse" that got him there and has parlayed his country music savvy into an enormous commercial success.…
Read Full Paper ❯Sociology
Sex, Body, and Identity: How the Language of Metaphor Functions in Various Physically-Challenged Individuals' Expression of Identity and Selfhood In her memoir aist-High in the orld: A Life Among…
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Chronic Sorrow Chronic illness is a concept that was brought to the fore over 40 years ago by Olshansky. The term is used to describe the grief and sadness…
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Nurses expressed empathy when I complained of pain or discomfort and promptly advocated for me when the need arose. While hospitalized in an acute care setting, I feel that…
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The most frequent symptom is difficulty in walking or gait ataxia (Unicorn Self-Help Committee 2000), which spreads slowly to the arms and the trunk. Foot deformities, such as clubfoot,…
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disabilities as 'deficits.' Even though I did not harbor prejudices against the disabled or regard people who had disabilities as 'inferior,' I viewed disabilities as challenges that had to…
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318. However, in this and other studies, it seems that lack of effectiveness may be due to a cessation of the CBT and not due to its lack of…
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ecause of the overall negative side effects, many opponents will argue that despite the positive benefits, the drawbacks of using the drug are severe. (Morrow, 2009) This is the…
Read Full Paper ❯Transportation - Environmental Issues
In the final analysis, heavy metals are like many other substances found in nature; oxygen, for example, is essential for life but can be enormously harmful and even deadly…
Read Full Paper ❯Sports - Women
Probable causes accounting for this are a holdup in the identification of cardiovascular ailment in women might not be enough to reveal medical implication. Variation in the accepted chronology…
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Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is one of the most popular recreational drugs in the United States, exceeded in popularity by only alcohol and tobacco. Recent research reveals that "more…
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Genitourinary SENSOY INDOO/OUTDOO ENVIONMENT What further questions do you have for Laura at this visit? 1,) Are you having frequent urination? Do you have any pain in your abdomen?…
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Chronic Sorrow Theory The term 'chronic sorrow' may be described as sadness of a persistent, periodically severe, increasing, and lasting nature. This condition may be triggered in a person…
Read Full Paper ❯Abstract Cannabis contains more than one hundred and twenty distinct chemical compounds known collectively as cannabinoids. One of those canabinoids is cannabidol, commonly abbreviated and referred to as CBD.…
Read Full Paper ❯Death and Dying (general)
" (Stone, 2006) Treatment is stated by Stone (2006) to be "diagnosis dependent and may be medical or surgical." Practical modifications include simple steps such as crushing of pills…
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eferences Condic, M.L. (2007, January). What We Know about Embryonic Stem Cells. First Things: A Monthly Journal of eligion and Public Life 25+. Patel, K., & ushefsky, M. (2005).…
Read Full Paper ❯Teaching - Technology
Pedagogic Model for Teaching of Technology to Special Education Students Almost thirty years ago, the American federal government passed an act mandating the availability of a free and appropriate…
Read Full Paper ❯Engineering
Many of the answers used to hold workers with disabilities can also crack work-related problems of older workers. But older workers would not point out that they are disabled,…
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Depression in Adolescence Depression in Adolescents The link between symptoms, etiology, core biochemical processes, treatment outcome, and treatment response of affective (mood) disorders is yet to be adequately understood…
Read Full Paper ❯Psychology
Depression in Adolescence Depression in Adolescents The link between symptoms, etiology, core biochemical processes, treatment outcome, and treatment response of affective (mood) disorders is yet to be adequately understood…
Read Full Paper ❯Medicine
Wyeth may have been prescient in recognizing the need to break the mold in pharmaceutical research: the old model of heavy, expensive and long research projects (with a concomitant…
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Guidelines for Enteral Feeding are important because it maintains the strength and viability of gut associated lymphoid tissue called GALT. This is important as the structure of the cells…
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Personal Professional Healthcare Communication Paper What is Healthcare Communication? Communication can be generally defined and the method of imparting information from a source to targets. The process of sharing…
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Schizophrenia on the Mind and Body An Analysis of the Etiology of Schizophrenia and Its Impact on the Mind and Body Perhaps no other human condition has received so…
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Cognitive Aspects of the Aging Process The purpose of this work is to define cognition and to explain the effects of aging on the brain in relation to memory,…
Read Full Paper ❯Psychology
Sigmund Freud and Jean Martin Charcot Psychology refers to the applied and academic discipline that includes the scientific study of behaviors and mental functions. Anyone who has studied psychology…
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Mental Health Treatment Approaches for Older AdultsOverview of mental health issues in the elderlyOld age is a natural occurrence for every human being, a stage in growth accompanied by…
Read Full Paper ❯Psychology
Another area of development in psychology that is likely to see great amounts of growth over the next couple of decades is Evolutionary Psychology. Evolutionary theory has made great…
Read Full Paper ❯Sports - Drugs
President Richard Nixon chose to ignore and through the whole report into the garbage. Instead, he had the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) created and were given authority enter homes…
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A good example of this can be seen with popular Chinese talk show host Yang Lang donating $72 million, to start his own foundation to: help support and develop…
Read Full Paper ❯Sports - Drugs
It is because policemen may succumb to corruption; especially when their salaries are minimal and the money earned by drug dealers are immense. The legalization of drugs will eliminate…
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The obvious implication is that the pairing of hands-on, inquiry-based active-learning teaching methods with cooperative learning holds tremendous potential for improved learning and social development of grade school students.…
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In such situations, "especially if the comments have been made repeatedly" the employer may not be able to fire the employee at will. This seems to be the case…
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