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Prescription, Nonprescription and Herbal Medicines
Prescription, Non-prescription and Herbal Medications: Exploring Interactions in the Geriatric Population

Geriatric medicine, generally referred to as just "geriatrics" is a branch of internal medicine and health care that focuses primarily on the diagnoses, prevention, care and treatment of disease and disability in elderly patients. Elderly patients involve those senior members of the population that develop a disability, or are suffering from a disease that is a resultant of old age or is a prompt symptom of old age. Geriatrics commonly involves treatment of these old age symptoms and disabilities such as deteriorated memory, immobility, impaired vision and hearing etc. Geriatrics, in modern times, is quite advanced. Specialized services such as psycho-geriatrics, where expert psychologists focus on treating old age related depression, memory loss and other psychological conditions that occur in the elderly population, along with development of physical therapy centers whose prime focus is the rehabilitation….

Prescription Drug Comparison
The rate at which Americans consume prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals has increased significantly during the last two decades, and today "the number of prescriptions filled each year increased by 39% between 1999 and 2009 & #8230; while the average American fills 12 prescriptions each year" (ice, 2012). I have selected a total of five medications commonly found throughout the typical home, and recorded the route of transmission for each substance. In addition, the various side effects experienced after taking each of these drugs are described in detail.

Ibuprofen

oute of Transmission: When presented with headache symptoms or other localized pain issues, two disintegrating tablets each containing 200mg of ibuprofen, are ingested orally along with water. While ibuprofen is available in a number of brand names, including Advil and Motrin, I happen to take a generic version of the drug for the sake of practicality.

Side Effects: During periods of extreme stress….

Prescription, OTC and Herbal emedies in Canada
More and more consumers are becomes wise to the ways of medicine, and seeking methods of self-medicating and treating acute or chronic ailments with as little hassle as possible. There are several therapies available to patients suffering from physical ailments, including prescription drugs, OTC and herbal medications. Each of these medications is treated differently by the Canadian government, and regulated in a slightly different manner.

Though all of these medications may potentially be taken safely, they can also cause a variety of symptoms and side effects if taken incorrectly. Thus it is critical that consumers educate themselves to as great an extent as possible to ensure that the medicine options they take are safe given their personal medical history. An overview of each of these different therapies is provided below, as well as legislation governing their disbursement and use.

Prescription, OTC and Herbal Medication: An Overview

There….

In a study by Shah, Aslam and Avery (2001) of approximately 38,000 prescriptions by 23 doctors, there were a number of errors including: 715 or 25% no directions; 510 or 18% prescribed item not mentioned (usually on repeat prescription); 321 or 11%, directions incomplete, illegible or written "as directed"; 306 or 11%, more than one month's supply given on separate repeat prescriptions without patients request; 260 or 9%, strength missing where a product existed in various strengths, and no guidance available in the BNF; 8% or 229, the prescribed quantity was not clearly written, missing or too large; and 5% or 132, prescriber's signature missing. Another 100 errors were due to prescribing medicines no longer available, incorrect medicine because handwriting, no date or wrong strength.
Given that this is the digital age, it seems that prescriptions can be easily "written" by computer or some form of electronics, and indeed that….

Prescription Drug Use Research
Pradel, V., Delga, C., Rouby, F., Micallef, J. nd Lapeyre-Mestre, M. (2010). ssessment of buse Potential of Benzodiazepines from a Prescription Database Using 'Doctor Shopping' as an Indicator. CNS Drugs, 24(7), 611-620.

This study involved assessing the potential for abuse of several benzodiazepines using so called doctor shopping and to recommend that a "doctor shopping indicator" statistic can be useful in reducing prevalence of prescription drug over-use.

McCabe, S.E., West, B.T., Morales, M., Cranford, J.., Boyd, C.J. (2008). Does early onset of non-medical use of prescription drugs predict subsequent prescription drug abuse and dependence? Results from a national study. ddiction, 102, pgs. 1920 -- 1930 doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02015.x

This study examined the associations between early onset of non-medical use of prescription drugs and the development of prescription drug abuse and dependence in the United States. Research participants comprised a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of civilian non-institutionalized adults aged 18 years or….

Health care [...] prescription compliance among the homeless. Health care for the homeless is perhaps one of the biggest challenges for the healthcare professional. The homeless in America face many problems, and healthcare is only one of them. It is difficult for most homeless people to fill and use prescription drugs for health problems for a number of reasons, from cost to the ability to self-administer drugs they may not understand or want. The problems of homeless noncompliance with prescription medications must be addressed to avoid a crisis in homeless health care.
Most homeless people do not have health care coverage, and so even basic prescription medications for health problems may be out of their reach. If they do attempt to receive health care at all it is usually through a county facility such as a clinic or a free clinic. If their conditions require prescription drugs, often they cannot….

Sociology
The United Nations predicts that by 2050, the world's population will exceed 9 billion people. Discuss the consequences of population growth on the world's resources (include environmental and health factors such as food, water, air, access to medicine). Why is the world's population growing so fast? And how is technology contributing to this rapid growth?

There are several major reasons for population growth being what it is. As described by an article on the Yale University website, there are three main ones. Those would be tackling of infectious disease in many countries, improvement in public health overall and improved production and distribution of food. When it comes to food production, just one example of how well food production is done now would be that grain has increased in volume from 631 million tons to about 1.65 billion tones just from 1950 to 1984 alone. This is a factor of 2.6 times.….

Perception of Drug Companies
The author of this response has been asked to respond to several questions that pertain to the pharmaceutical industry. In order, those questions will be what practice, factor or event has been most damaging to the public perception of the pharmaceutical industry, what practice, factor or event has been most enhancing of the public perception of the pharmaceutical industry and what would be the most effective day for the medical product industry to improve its public image. While drugs are most certainly life-saving and life-sustaining, there are also some major problems that are present and thus must be dealt with.

While it is easy to point to the recent "pharma bro" brouhaha with Turing Pharmaceuticals and drug pricing overall, most people have coverage and what Turing did is not really that common in terms of frequency and the amount of companies that devolve into the practices that they….

Addiction of Teenagers to Prescription Drugs
Addiction of teenage prescription drugs

The problem of addiction of teenagers to prescription drugs has been on rise in modern days. It is estimated that daily in the United States 2,500 youth abuse prescription drugs. This is not only a problem in the United States, but it also affects teenagers in Europe, South Asia, and Southern Africa. Over 15 million people have reported abusing prescription drugs globally. This is higher than those who reported abusing heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens. A 2007 survey carried out in the United States in 2007 indicated that in one month 6% of 17 to 25-year-olds and 3.3% of 12 to 17-year-olds had abused prescription drugs. This might seem like a low number, but considering that this only happened in one month you can imagine how prevalent the rates would be in one year. A survey conducted in 2012 found that 24%….


ecommended Pricing Strategies:

As a pharmaceutical benefit manager, I have several primary stakeholders to whom I am responsible. These include: my organization, the employer as my client, the employees of the client as plan participants, the pharmacists dispensing the medications, and the pharmaceutical manufacturers and/or distributors. My job is to develop a plan that is profitable for my organization. I must also develop a plan that is cost-effective for the employer. The employees of the client must find the plan valuable and beneficial in the maintenance of their healthcare. The pharmacists must be compensated fairly for their time, and the pharmaceutical manufacturers and/or distributors must be able to make a profit in an increasingly competitive, rapidly changing industry. Developing a pricing strategy to meet these competing stakeholder needs is challenging and will require looking at each employer's unique pharmaceutical needs to determine the best pricing plan possible.

The MAC pricing strategy meets….

The FDA also, amongst others, has recommended that clinical trials used to support advertising claims be approved by the FDA and to institute stiff fines against those found gaily of deceptive tactics. (Turning Medicine Into Snake Oil...) There is little doubt from the research that pharmaceutical companies have to be made more accountable for their products and advertising promises.
eferences

Borden Anne. Vioxx Stroke isk could last for Years. 2007. etrieved June 1, 2007 at http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/articles/00888/vioxx-stroke-risk.html

Deceptive Prescription Drug Marketing Tactics 'Common and Dangerous'. 2006.

etrieved June 1,2007, at http://www.uspirg.org/newsroom/health-care/health-care-news/deceptive-prescription-drug-marketing-tactics-common-and-dangerous

Introduction to the Health Care Industry: Health Expenditures and Services in the U.S. etrieved June 1, 2007, at http://www.plunkettresearch.com/HealthCare/HealthCareTrends/tabid/294/Default.aspx

O'Connor K. x for prescription drugs. etrieved June 1, 2007, at http://www.oconnorhealthanalyst.com/pgs/rx.html

Oxycontin Manufacturer Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay Fine of $600,000,000.

etrieved June 1, 2007, at http://tyler.injuryboard.com/defective-products/oxycontin-manufacturer-agrees-to-plead-guilty-and-pay-fine-of-600000000.php?googleid=8636

Prescription Meds Changing Health Care. etrieved June 1, 2007, from Spending http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=60788

Silberner J. Common Diabetes Drug Found to Have Heart….

The Act creates a positive balance between government interests to save money and the interests of Medicare recipients to receive a wide range of drugs for their specific needs. The current ban on government negotiations with pharmaceutical companies serves to protect Medicate recipients by using the positives of the free market, such as the experience and purchasing power of PBMs. hile there are serious potential problems with this approach, such as the potential for fraud between pharmaceutical companies and private interests, overall the ban on government negotiations with pharmaceutical companies provides a good balance between recipient and government interests.
orks Cited

American Legislative Exchange Council. Prescription Drugs. 19 October 2005. http://www.alec.org/2/4/talking-points/7.html

Barry, Patricia. New Salvos in the Prescription Drug ars: Class action suits are exposing schemes that gouge consumers. AARP Bulletin, January 2005.

19 October 2005. http://www.aarp.org/bulletin/prescription/a2005-01-06-salvos.html

Dealey, Sam. Drug Dealings: Democrats had it right before. National Review Online, May 05, 2004, 9:12 A.M.….

Teen Drug Abuse - Prescription or Not
Differences between nonalcoholic offspring of alcoholics (family history positive, FHP) and matched offspring of nonalcoholics (family history negative, FHN) have been identified on a variety of behavioral, cognitive, and neurological measures. Compared to FHN teens, FHP adolescents and young adults demonstrate more disturbed school careers, impulsivity, rebelliousness, and nonconformity (National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006); poorer neuropsychological performance (Worden & Slater, 2009); and significantly lower amplitude in P300 brain waves, which are believed to measure selective attention (Cicero, et al. 2005). Further, following ingestion of alcohol, sons of alcoholics report less body sway and less subjective intoxication (Grant, et al., 2005), higher levels of flushing (McBride, 2011), and decreased P300 amplitudes when performing difficult tasks (Foster, et al., 2009).

Not all individuals with a family history of alcohol dependence become alcohol and/or drug abusers, however, and genetics alone cannot account for the transmission….

Pharmacy Ethics
The author of this report has been asked to review the legal and ethical considerations in play given the test case scenario surrounding Pharmacare and Compcare. As is quickly apparent while reading the case study, the company engaged in a long and extensive list of ethical and/or legal violations as a means to maximize profit and minimize the legal and other red tape that seems to bother them even though it is there for a very good reason. The ethical issues involved will be touched upon and analyzed. There will also be an exploration and analysis of direct-to-consumer marketing of drugs, whether John is the "investor" of AD23, the arguments about John being a whistleblower and the associated protections he would have if he is and examples of intellectual property theft that have occurred in the last two years or so. While bad things do incidentally happen and crop….

.....prescription process can incur high costs in the healthcare industry due to poor risk management. Lack of continued assessment, technological upgrades, and information sessions can lead to an increased rate of data entry errors. Data entry errors may result in patient deaths, and lawsuits that lessen the financial success of any hospital/clinic. However, there is opportunity to reduce data entry errors in order to minimize negative outcomes related to prescription errors and patient satisfaction. The recommendation for minimizing negative outcomes is to incorporate a cloud service that allows for integration of existing electronic prescription records, allowing optimization of prescriptions from doctor/nurse to pharmacy to patient, thus minimizing potential data entry error. The impact the cloud service application can have on healthcare can be great. Costs may be reduced and legal ramifications from human error can be avoided by exemplifying the risk management essentials of assessment, technological upgrades, and training. Part I

Introduction:

Risk….

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12 Pages
Term Paper

Anatomy

Prescription Nonprescription and Herbal Medications Exploring Interactions in the Geriatric Population

Words: 3992
Length: 12 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Prescription, Nonprescription and Herbal Medicines Prescription, Non-prescription and Herbal Medications: Exploring Interactions in the Geriatric Population Geriatric medicine, generally referred to as just "geriatrics" is a branch of internal medicine and…

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2 Pages
Essay

Medicine

Prescription Drug Comparison the Rate at Which

Words: 668
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Prescription Drug Comparison The rate at which Americans consume prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals has increased significantly during the last two decades, and today "the number of prescriptions filled each year…

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Medicine

Prescription OTC and Herbal Meds

Words: 1353
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Prescription, OTC and Herbal emedies in Canada More and more consumers are becomes wise to the ways of medicine, and seeking methods of self-medicating and treating acute or chronic ailments…

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3 Pages
Term Paper

Healthcare

Prescription Errors the Whole Point

Words: 1092
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Term Paper

In a study by Shah, Aslam and Avery (2001) of approximately 38,000 prescriptions by 23 doctors, there were a number of errors including: 715 or 25% no directions;…

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3 Pages
Annotated Bibliography

Sports - Drugs

Prescription Drug Use Research Pradel V Delga

Words: 1192
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Annotated Bibliography

Prescription Drug Use Research Pradel, V., Delga, C., Rouby, F., Micallef, J. nd Lapeyre-Mestre, M. (2010). ssessment of buse Potential of Benzodiazepines from a Prescription Database Using 'Doctor Shopping'…

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2 Pages
Term Paper

Sociology

Prescription Drug Compliance Among Homeless

Words: 687
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Health care [...] prescription compliance among the homeless. Health care for the homeless is perhaps one of the biggest challenges for the healthcare professional. The homeless in America…

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2 Pages
Essay

Health - Nursing

Prescription Drug Coverage Perspective

Words: 780
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Sociology The United Nations predicts that by 2050, the world's population will exceed 9 billion people. Discuss the consequences of population growth on the world's resources (include environmental and health…

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2 Pages
Essay

Health - Nursing

Prescription Pill Abuse Epidemic

Words: 703
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Perception of Drug Companies The author of this response has been asked to respond to several questions that pertain to the pharmaceutical industry. In order, those questions will be what…

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8 Pages
Research Paper

Sports - Drugs

Non-Medical Usage of Prescription Medications

Words: 2536
Length: 8 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Addiction of Teenagers to Prescription Drugs Addiction of teenage prescription drugs The problem of addiction of teenagers to prescription drugs has been on rise in modern days. It is estimated that…

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3 Pages
Case Study

Medicine

Generic Prescription Drug Program as

Words: 1005
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Case Study

ecommended Pricing Strategies: As a pharmaceutical benefit manager, I have several primary stakeholders to whom I am responsible. These include: my organization, the employer as my client, the employees of…

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Medicine

Prescription Drugs and the Health

Words: 1724
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

The FDA also, amongst others, has recommended that clinical trials used to support advertising claims be approved by the FDA and to institute stiff fines against those found…

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Healthcare

Prescription Drugs Number of Medicare

Words: 1531
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

The Act creates a positive balance between government interests to save money and the interests of Medicare recipients to receive a wide range of drugs for their specific…

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16 Pages
Term Paper

Sports - Drugs

Teen Drug Abuse - Prescription or Not

Words: 5056
Length: 16 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Teen Drug Abuse - Prescription or Not Differences between nonalcoholic offspring of alcoholics (family history positive, FHP) and matched offspring of nonalcoholics (family history negative, FHN) have been identified on…

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8 Pages
Essay

Management

Role of the FDA with prescription drugs

Words: 3287
Length: 8 Pages
Type: Essay

Pharmacy Ethics The author of this report has been asked to review the legal and ethical considerations in play given the test case scenario surrounding Pharmacare and Compcare. As is…

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6 Pages
Essay

Nursing

Cloud Service and Prescription

Words: 2493
Length: 6 Pages
Type: Essay

.....prescription process can incur high costs in the healthcare industry due to poor risk management. Lack of continued assessment, technological upgrades, and information sessions can lead to an increased…

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