Public Hospitals are facing imperative challenges offered by the fast growth of communication, as well as biomedical technology; the necessity for cost-control; as well as the spotlight on efficiency and competence; the augment of populations' strains for services and transformations in demographic and epidemiological factors (Counte, 1995; Walid, 2003; Henry, 1997; Patricia, 2001).
The diverse strategies for restructuring should include devolution and centralization, changeover guidelines, redefinition of the purposes of hospitals and primary care, formation of novel positions for experts, enhanced administration, cost-control and marketplace direction. No matter the strategy assumed, the aspirations of restructuring are to give health care that is oriented towards result, footed on proof and centered on usefulness and competence, to augment the accessibility of services, patient happiness and the superiority of care (Counte, 1995).

Therefore, reforms of public hospitals should focus on how to develop value and decrease expenditure devoid of restraining access and evenhandedness. Majority of….

Absent this safety net, these healthcare consumers would be forced to simply do without or to go without basic living needs in order to meet the high costs of insurance if it is provided by the employers at all. In the final analysis, the support and changes sought by the NAPHHS are not only reasonable, they represent just a drop in the national bucket in terms of what is being requested. As one of the few major industrialized nations of the world that do not offer national healthcare insurance, the United States can ill afford to ignore the healthcare needs of millions of Americans because healthcare delayed simply means higher costs later on and a diminishment of the ability of workers to continue their employment in the future. In this regard, Davidson (1997) points out that, "If these folks delay seeking care until their health problems are advanced and….

estructuring Victorian Public Hospitals
The case study narrates the impact of policy changes in the Victorian public health system on nurses. When the Kennett Liberal-National Coalition government came to power in 1992, a number of changes were undertaken in an attempt to reduce the health care budget. These included reducing staff numbers, restructuring hospital management, shifting to outsourcing of services such as pathology and radiology, privatising some public hospitals, and introducing throughput-based performance measures (Teicher, Holland and Gough, 2013). Though the changes were aimed at ensuring a more cost-effective public health system, there were negative impacts on the health care workforce, particularly nurses. The changes resulted in understaffing, undesirable nurse-to-patient ratios, increased workloads, poor pay, as well as turnover. Bracks' Labour government, which succeeded Kennett's government, focused on addressing these issues. The new government abandoned the privatisation of public hospitals and funded the establishment of new hospitals. This led to improved….

Heart hospitals are foregoing the traditional systems with a model known as patient-focused care. In this model patients stay in one room throughout the entire procedure, rather than the traditional method of waiting for beds to open as they transfer from one unit to another. This one-room approach also works to reduce the time spent in the hospital. The Heart Hospital, which has 12 beds, usually sends patients home in three days, in comparison to five to seven days in a conventional hospital.
In addition, medical staff is generally paid higher salaries at specialty hospitals. Nurses can earn between $5 and $7 more per hour than their counterparts in traditional hospitals (tringer, 2001).

A study by health care research firm HCIA.com in Maryland demonstrates that the amenities of specialty hospitals are winning over more and more patients (tringer, 2001). The study revealed that two public hospitals performed between 25% and 35%….

The clinical trial team includes doctors, nurses, social workers, data entry technicians and other health care professionals (NWHRC 2005). They review a participant's health history and current medical intakes before the trial begins. They impart adequate information and instructions about the clinical trial, monitor each participant in the conduct of the trial and may contact the participant after the conduct of the trial.

Clinical trials or researches may also be open-label, placebo-controlled, double-blinded or randomized. They consist of four phases. Phase I establishes the maximum safe dosage; Phase II, its effectiveness; Phase III, its use on a broad population; and Phase IV, post-FDA insights on the effects of its long-term use (NWHRC).

From 1999 to 2000 alone, the Food and Drug Administration approved 73 new medications (NWHRC 2005). These included drugs for HIV, cancer, heart attack and Alzheimer's disease. As of 2000, Medicare covers many of the costs involved in participation in….

Hospital Case Study
If the first requirement of any successful case study is a detailed and analytical examination of the situation, the emotional component of so called "high stakes" issues can make this requirement difficult, indeed. The simple fact, however, is in order to find good solutions and policies regarding the problem presented in the case study, one must apply the three main questions of "situation," "remedy/s," and "method/s." Although this may seem difficult in some situations, the emotional component must not be considered.

A good example of this fact occurs in the examination of an unfortunate case involving the botched heart/lung transplant of a 16-year-old girl, much like the recent incident at Duke Hospital. In this case, a young girl died as a result of receiving miss-matched organs. Unfortunately, in this case, all of the supposed safeguards of the system, imposed to assure that proper blood typing of both donor and….

Hospitals v. Hotels
Hospitals are basically hotels and can be evaluated in the same way.

There was a time in the not so recent past when doctors were sacred and individuals would take anything that they said to heart, as the saying "doctor knows best" triumphed over all. People went to hospitals with the pure intention of getting better, the desire to become stronger and take the physicians advice, as always, into careful consideration. Though, hospitals are not taking the concept of patient care to a whole new level and trying to make the hospitals stays for patients as comfortable as possible, taking pointers from hotels; this in turn begs the question, are hospitals basically hotels and should they be evaluated in the same way? The answer is undoubtedly, no for one main reason- hospitals and hotels have two different end goals with the individuals that stay there and thus, one cannot….

"
PRIVACY and CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

Protection and safeguarding of information created in the conduct of Lenox Hill

Hospital and its affiliates business including patient information, staff data, financial data, research data, strategic plans, statistical information, purchasing agreements and contracts.

The words information created are an unnecessary limitation that narrow the applicability of the provision, contrary to its obvious intent to apply as broadly as possible. Under a literal interpretation, the provision, as drafted, does not apply to any of the types of information listed unless that information is "created" by the hospital.

Therefore, a better formulation of that portion of the provision would read as follows:

Protection and safeguarding of any and all information created, accessed, maintained, collected, transmitted, duplicated, or utilized by the hospital or by any of the hospital's employees, agents, associates, consultants, contractors, and any other person or entity affiliated in any way with the hospital..."

Business PRACTICES

Avoidance of transactions that excessively benefit private….

This means that the government should fund abortions despite of where they are performed whether in hospitals or clinics. This can be achieved through passing legislation to support pro-choice care for all pregnant women. Allowing abortions only in particular situations is a form of discrimination and in order to ensure that Americans have the necessary system that supports the choice of women to get an abortion, the government needs to pass legislation that funds abortion clinics. This will ensure that all women despite their social class have the right to make decisions about their childbearing and their reproductive health and not leaving this to only those who are able to afford to pay for abortion.
Shortage of abortion providers

There has been a shortage of abortion providers over the years as a result of the lack of experience in conducting abortions for doctors since despite their medical education, they are not….

Attract and retain top nursing talent -- organizations that have achieved magnet status tend to have far less turnover than those who do not. The research postulates that this is due to several factors, among which the nurses' ability to actively participate in the organization and higher than average job satisfaction scores (Jones and Gates, 2007).

Improve patient care, safety, and customer satisfaction -- Because nurses are happier, have more advanced training, and are allowed to robustly participate in the organization's operations, patient care is improved, there is a higher nurse to patient ratio, greater emphasis on avocation and safety, and higher customer satisfaction numbers with an increase in quality (Hines and Yu, 2009).

Foster a collaborative culture within the healthcare organization -- Magnet organizations, but their very nature, foster more collaboration between physicians and nurses, nurses of all stages of their career, and nurses and other departments. The idea of team….

They are not considered state or local. Also, they are not legislative or judicial actions (Hall 2006).
According to their organizational chart, the Department of Veterans Affairs has many layers between the overseeing authority of Executive Power and the administration of policy demonstrated at the local level (Department of Veterans Affairs 2006). Many areas of Veterans Affairs apply to the health of veterans. However, health care for veterans is most directly authorized and managed by the Under Secretary for Health under the Secretary and Deputy Secretary for the Department of Veterans Affairs (Department of Veterans Affairs 2006). Since the Department of Veterans Affairs is managed under the executive branch of government, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs is appointed by the President of the United States (Hall 2006).

eferences

Department of Veterans Affairs. (2006). VA Organization Chart. etrieved January 12, 2007 at http://www.va.gov/about_va/

Hall, D.E. (2006). Administrative law: Bureaucracy in a democracy (3rd ed.).….

Hospital for Special Surgery
In America there a wide variety of healthcare organizations, that have specialized in addressing the needs of various patients. Part of the reason why this occurring, is many facilities are unable to address the challenges facing those individuals requiring some kind of specialty care. As a result, a number of hospitals have evolved to deal with these issues. One such example of this is with Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Even though the facility was established as a community hospital in 1811, their overall mission has evolved. What has been happening is the hospital has become more focused on: offering specialized care and innovative health solutions. This is an effort by the administration to build upon their outstanding reputation through: improving the overall quality of care that patients are receiving. ("Hospital Overview," 2011)

As a result, the facility has become known for the specialty care and the research that….

Hospital Administration
The Mayo Clinic is one of the most famous hospitals in America, and its name is recognized by over 85% of Americans. The Clinic has several offices, but their most noted one is in Rochester, Minnesota. This particular location is the one most people think of when they hear someone mention the "Mayo Clinic." Their website, Mayoclinic.com, is also extremely popular, and has a great deal of credibility with the public because of the name (Twite, 2002).

The Mayo Clinic is an accredited hospital, meaning that it is recognized as conforming to the high standards that are set by the medical community. The Clinic is not without problems, however. All hospitals have some issues that others would like to see resolved. Accreditation committees look for these kinds of problems, and want to know what the hospital is going to do about problems that are found. Failure to correct the problems….

tatistics regarding bed availability are indeed provided, but perhaps the public could benefit from more information about how the collaboration actually takes place.
Another area that could be addressed is the county's educational facilities. Currently it seems that many of the health indicators are focused on cure rather than prevention. Although immunization pracitces are mentioned, education regarding healthy living is a pertinent part of disease prevention. I would therefore like to see this added to the health indicators.

In conclusion, I find the indicators that are present comprehensive and sufficient, but it is important to educate the public regarding strategies implemented on their behalf, as well as regarding individual practices for optimal disease prevention and cure.

ources

Georgia Division of Public Health. (2005). Health Data & Information. http://health.state.ga.us/healthdata/index.asp

Gwinnet County Health Department. (2001). Gwinnet Community Health tatus Report: Working Together for a Healthier Community. http://health.state.ga.us/pdfs/regional/gwinnethealthstatus.01.pdf.

Public Health Preparedness
The concept of 'public health preparedness' (PHP) has been garnering recognition worldwide, given the global-scale threats which are constantly encountered by professional healthcare organizations, including bioterrorism, Ebola, the West Nile Virus, and influenza. Preparedness approaches have brought about improvements in the overall healthcare system, by enabling swifter responses to diverse kinds of hazards across the globe. A majority of PHP measures adopted in America are government-judged; this gives rise to concerns pertaining to militarization. Still, preparedness programs in other country-level settings don't essentially indicate comparable implications. The global significance of health sector preparedness has served to increase governmental need of resolving the concern by means of financing, advances, and maintenance approaches which aid speedy response to every kind of crisis. However, akin to all other ideas, the PHP concept is also accompanied by certain major challenges, like the threat of public health militarization. Yet the associated advantages prevail….

Yes, there are several essay topics that can present opposing viewpoints on healthcare in Africa. Some potential essay topics could include:

1. Universal healthcare vs. privatized healthcare in Africa: Is universal healthcare the best way to ensure access to healthcare for all citizens, or would a privatized healthcare system be more efficient and effective?

2. Traditional medicine vs. Western medicine in Africa: Should African countries prioritize traditional healing methods and practices, or should they focus on integrating Western medical techniques and technologies?

3. Government funding vs. foreign aid for healthcare in Africa: Should African governments allocate more resources to healthcare programs, or should....