Reconstruction
Essays

African Americans have endured an astounding amount of injustice within the United States, both inside and outside of the ranks of this country's military. Still, this nation has continually capitalized off the labor and efforts of this people. Therefore, it is only just that they are awarded full equality and civil rights as much as any other people.

¶ … Streetcar Named Desire and the Snows of Kilimanjaro

African-Americans are second only to Native Americans, historically, in terms of poor treatment at the hands of mainstream American society. Although African-Americans living today enjoy nominal equality, the social…

ACARS stand for Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System. This system allows aircrafts to communicate and report to the ground and vice-versa. It does so by transmitting data on VHF frequencies that can be…

Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) was an American scientist, historian and philosopher who wrote a controversial book in 1962 called The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. This paper examines Kuhn's theory and its relevance to science as well as to the way humans learn and how culture is tied to the expression of knowledge through paradigm shifts. The scientific ideas of concept, theory and paradigm are examined, and examples are included that buttress the argument that Kuhn was correct in calling his theory a paradigm shift. Kuhn pushed the boundaries of experimentation as well as data collection and scientific methodologies that have been extrapolated into a number of fields from the social sciences to business and organizational modelling, and most especially how the philosophy of science continues to evolve.

The paper is about the poetry of Langston Hughes. The student is to select three of Hughes' poems to compare them. The paper locates several similarities among the poems "I, too," "Let America be America Again," and "Democracy." Hughes uses repetition, subjective language, and traditional American imagery.

During the American Civil War, Walt Whitman wrote insightful pieces that captured the war from an angle that reflected an understanding of the daily effects of the reality of the war on everyone involved.

The paper will contend that scientific revolutions are irrational because science is irrational. As will be demonstrated by Kuhn and other authors, there is no specific logic as to why some theories and paradigms become popular and other do not. To paraphrase Kuhn, often whoever presented the better argument rather than whoever had the superior argument was the one that became popular and supported. In addition, Kuhn sums up the nature of scientific theories, popular or not, in that all scientific theories are empirically successful, but ultimately proven false. Thus, the nature of scientific theory is irrational and the rise of popular theories is irrational. How would scientific revolutions not be irrational also? The paper supports and proposes that Kuhn's views are that scientific revolutions are partially irrational in nature; they are necessary to scientific developments; and scientific revolutions like all revolutions, have political, economic, and cultural implications. Change and revolution are radical and often spring from emotional, psychological or ethical conflicts of interest; when it comes to human emotions, psychology, and ethics, rationality often takes a backseat to irrationality. The paper supplies Kuhn's reasons to think that shifts in scientific revolutions are not wholly rational and that Kuhn's reasoning effectively demonstrates that shifts in scientific thought violate codes of rationality.

European Imperialism and Decolonization: Spectacular in Some Respects, Not Spectacular in Other Respects The term "spectacular" is, in some respects, subjective. The collapse of European empires after 1945 was spectacular in some respects but not in others. The British Empire's decolonization after World War II can be logically called "spectacular" in its scope; however, it was not "spectacularly" surprising or shocking, for the Empire began decolonization decades before World War II. In contrast to the Empire's decolonization, France's decolonization can be logically called "spectacular" in both its scope and turmoil. According to research, these differing experiences of decolonization can be traced to several national and accidental factors. While post-WWII decolonization was breathtaking in its scope, painting all European Empire decolonization with a single "spectacular collapse" brushstroke would be inaccurate. Great Britain's decolonization began decades prior to 1945 and was rapidly accelerated by Great Britain's realistic approach to post-1945 economic and political realities. In addition, Great Britain's national psychology, solid government, friendly relations with the United States and relative luck in dealing with its subjects resulted in a rapid but relatively peaceful decolonization. France's post 1945 decolonization, in sharp contrast to that of Great Britain, more closely resembles a "spectacular collapse" for several reasons. Having made no attempts at decolonization prior to WWII due to its rigid intent on maintaining French rule over all its colonies, post-WWII France faced the economic and political necessity of decolonization at a distinct disadvantage. Saddled with its still-unbending intent to control its colonies, France was also overburdened by a national psychology that took the loss of a colony personally, a fractious and volatile government, an unfriendly relationship with the United States, and relatively terrible luck in dealing with colonists who were determined to be free and uncompromising in their approach to France's imperialism. In sum, Great Britain and France show markedly different approaches and effects of post-WWII decolonization, which can be fairly described as spectacular in some respects but no spectacular in other respects.

The objective of this work in writing is to examine the challenges that Europe faced following World War II. This work will examine the fall of communism in 1991 and answer the question of how Europe has managed to transition away from communism. World War II left European countries in a critical state with many people displaced with no place to call home. People were out of work and were hungry, tired, and ready to put the events of World War II far behind them. The United States in assisting European countries with rebuilding their economies helped to set the base by which the European nations were able to make the break from Communism following the fall of Communism in 1991. Some European countries had already made the break and other countries were slower to do so.