Clinical interventions put in place include, counseling of those teenagers who are already using tobacco and provide them with tobacco cessation. While, one of the community intervention strategies are, increase in the unit price of tobacco increased to hinder teenagers from buying hence, decreased tobacco use initiation among them. Also, there are efforts to restrict access of tobacco for minors, aided by community support to stop teenage access to tobacco. Worksite / school health promotion has also been enhanced to enlighten the students on the effects of tobacco use (Myers, 2000).
Another strategy which might be employed is the use of other teenagers as behavior change agents amongst their peers. This is where; selected teenagers are trained to act as peer educators and anti-tobacco use ambassadors within their neighborhood's and at school. These peer educators are to be selected from different ethnic groups to deal with the cultural factors that…...

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References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Reducing tobacco use: A report of the Surgeon General. (2000). Atlanta: CDC Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2000/index.htm .

Colby, S.M., Tiffany, S.T., & Shiffman, S. (2000). Are adolescent smokers dependent on nicotine? A review of the evidence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 59, S83 -- S95.

Derek Yach, & Douglas Bettcher. (2000). Globalisation of Tobacco Industry Influence and New Global Responses. Tobacco Control, 9(2), 206-216

Myers, M.G., Brown, S.A., & Kelly, J.F.A. (2000). smoking intervention for substance abusing adolescents: Outcomes, predictors of cessation attempts, and post-treatment substance use. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse 9, 77 -- 91.

In Oklahoma there is a state-wide effort known as the Oklahoma Physical Activity and Nutrition Program (OKPAN). This is an effort to avert obesity and other chronic diseases by way of healthy eating and increased physical activity. Its task is to reduce the frequency and occurrence of obesity and related chronic diseases through the improvement of organizational capacity and development and implementation of a comprehensive State Plan. This program focuses on five key areas:

Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption

Increasing breastfeeding initiation and length

Physical Activity

Balancing food intake with energy expenditure

educing screen-time on television, computer use, and video games (Overweight and Obesity in Oklahoma and the U.S., 2007).

In Tulsa County, Oklahoma there is a current push to increase fruit and vegetable consumption because it is thought to be an economical way to control many health-related issues such as obesity and diabetes (Working together for help, 2010).

Another strategy that can be used is that…...

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References

All about obesity. (2011). Retrieved from  http://www.obesityaction.org/aboutobesity/obesity/obesity.php 

Defining Overweight and Obesity. (2010). Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/defining.html 

Healthy People 2020. (2011). Retrieved from  http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx 

Obesity in America. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.drkalsweightlosstips.com/obesity-in-america.html

In fact, 29% of fatalities occurring between 1991 and 1993 involved parental substance abuse" (American Humane Association, 2010).
There are other characteristics of those with abusive tendencies that are also worth discussing. The American Journal of Public Health article insists that although substance abuse plays a huge role in helping to shape abusive personalities and fuel abusive rages, there are other factors worth considering, as well. "Societal and environmental factors have been considered primary to the development of both child maltreatment and parental substance abuse," say Kelleher, Chaffin, Hollenberg, & Fischer. "Social class is strongly linked to both reported child maltreatment and a wide range of mental disorders, including drug and alcohol disorders" (Kelleher, Chaffin, Hollenberg, & Fischer, 1994).

They also go on to suggest that statistics for child abuse and neglect have been found to be higher among families with lower income. This while proves that while the abuse of…...

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Works Cited

American Humane Association, (2010). Fatalities due to child abuse and neglect Retrieved from  http://www.americanhumane.org/about-child-abuse-neglect.html 

Kelleher, K, Chaffin, M, Hollenberg, J, & Fischer, E199. (1994). Alcohol and Drug Disorders

Among Physical Abusive and Neglectful Parents in a Community-Based Sample,

American Journal of Public Health, 84(10), 1586-1590.

As noted above, family conflict is a single risk factor, but when combined with early childhood sexual abuse, the likelihood for teen pregnancy is increased another 50% (Queensland Health, 2004). Further, teens whose mother is uneducated, or undereducated, are also more likely to become pregnant. Finally, those teens from homes where the father is absent are also more likely to experience early pregnancy (Queensland Health, 2004).
It is important to note the reasons for concern in term of teen pregnancy, and one strategy to prevention of the problem is the dispersal of such information to teenage females. The children of teens who become pregnant often experience premature birth, low birth weight, increased physical impairment, an increased likelihood of substance abuse, physical abuse, and an increased risk in becoming pregnant early themselves (Queensland Health, 2004). In addition, pregnant teens themselves are less likely to finish school, experience increased anti-social behaviors, and…...

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References

Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., and Miller, J.Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64-105.

Queensland Health. (2004). Young people. In C. Harper (Ed.), Health Determinants (pp.16-18). Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Health.

Diabetes
isk factors for developing diabetes

Three major factors can increase the risk for diabetes. Some of them are genetic and so are with us always, but some can be reversed to help prevent diabetes. Genetics, obesity, and age are the most discussed risk factors.

Obesity: The leading risk factor for diabetes if obesity. According to statistics from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), approximately 30% of adults are obese. Overweight implies a higher risk of insulin resistance, as fat disrupts the ability of the body to use insulin. CDC cites that the number of overweight children has been tripling since 1980 (Silverstein & Silverstein, 2009). As a result, the number of children examined with the disorder has been rising.

Genetics: People with relatives suffering from diabetes are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Native Americans, Hispanic-Americans and African-Americans, all have the highest rates of diabetes. However, having a genetic disposition…...

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References

Kahn, A.P. (2008). Diabetes: Causes, Prevention & Treatment. New Delhi: Orient Paperbacks.

Silverstein, A., & Silverstein, V.B. (2009). The Sugar Disease: Diabetes. Philadelphia: Lippincott

Criminology
Five main risk factors for criminal victimization

Cohen, Kluegel, and Land in their article Social inequality and predatory criminal victimization: An exposition and test of a formal theory adopts the interpretation of five factors in association with criminal victimization risks. These factors include

Exposure: The three authors define this risk factor for victimization as the "visibility and accessibility of persons or objects to potential offenders at any given time and place" (Cohen et al., 1981). This represents the capacity of the criminal offender to encounter the victim of the crime. The more frequently this factor (exposure) occurs, the more chance or opportunities to harm the victim or his or her property by the offender. For this factor to be effective, the victim must experience physical relationship or distance with the offender for the crime to occur. Accessibility of the victim would determine if he or she is in danger for prominent criminal…...

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References

Blau, J.R., & Blau, P.M. (1982). The cost of inequality: Metropolitan structure and violent crime. American Sociological Review, 47(1), 114 -- 129.

Cohen, L.E., Kluegel, J.R., & Land, K.G. (1981). Social inequality and predatory criminal victimization: An exposition and test of a formal theory. American Sociological Review, 46(5), 505 -- 524.

Background
A growing pool of evidence points to the fact that chronic ailments such as obesity commence at life’s early stages. Early childhood facets and the intrauterine atmosphere potentially play a role in adulthood obesity onset via several pathways like prenatal diet, fetal metabolic programing, postnatal development, breast-feeding, infancy/toddlerhood behavior and adiposity rebound. The life-course theory’s abstract foundation stresses illness and health’s developmental origins, concentrating especially on long-run health impacts of fetal and babyhood exposures (Hu, 2008).

Of late, one can witness the alarming issue of the childhood obesity pandemic. It is alarming due to the fact that it has short- as well as long- run negative impacts. Risk factor determination forms the main solution to preventing it. While scant literature on childhood obesity risk factors can be found, experts are becoming increasingly aware of the significance of early life settings. However, hardly any risk factor identified is proven; most are only…...

Conclusion

There are discrepancies encountered in conducting the valuation and risk of a private company. There arises these factors that if investigated can impact the process accordingly. The first research question that I suggest is investigating if the tax risk and equity market value exhibit a concave association, which is consistent with the optimal tax risk level from a valuation of equity standpoint. The second topic that can be researched upon is the changes facing the risk and value valuation service area for businesses and how they impact the practice. Finally, a study on how the Merger and Acquisitions revised standards are impacting business deals.

eferences

Chandra, U., & o, B.T. (2008). The role of revenue in firm valuation. Accounting Horizons,

22(2), 199-222. etrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/208923683?accountid=35812

Darrough, M., & Ye, J. (2007). Valuation of loss firms in a knowledge-based economy. eview of Accounting Studies, 12(1), 61-93. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-006-9022-z

Bernier, G., & idha, M.M. (2010). On the…...

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References

Chandra, U., & Ro, B.T. (2008). The role of revenue in firm valuation. Accounting Horizons,

22(2), 199-222. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/208923683?accountid=35812 

Darrough, M., & Ye, J. (2007). Valuation of loss firms in a knowledge-based economy. Review of Accounting Studies, 12(1), 61-93. doi:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-006-9022-z 

Bernier, G., & Ridha, M.M. (2010). On the economics of postassessments in insurance guaranty funds: A stakeholders' perspective. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 77(4), 857-892.

isk of Committing Violence Among Individuals Suffering From Bipolar Disorder
Several studies argue that most psychiatric symptoms are closely correlated with criminality, since such symptoms impair judgment and violate societal norms. In this regard, several studies have been conducted regarding the risk of violence among individuals suffering from mental illnesses but few have highlighted the possibility of bipolar individuals engaging in criminal behavior. The common disorders known to be highly related to criminality include antisocial personality disorder, kleptomania, voyeurism and schizophrenia. Therefore, this study is meant to examine the possibility of bipolar individuals engaging in criminal behavior.

esearch Topic

This paper aims at analyzing the likelihood of committing violence among individuals suffering from bipolar disorder as well as the factors that are likely to influence the degree to which these individuals are likely to commit violent acts.

Thesis Statement

Past studies have hinted that individuals suffering from bipolar disorder have a greater possibility of engaging…...

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References

Belfrage, H. (1998). A ten-year follow-up of criminality in Stockholm mental patients. British Journal of Criminology, 38, 145-155.

Fazel, S., Lichtenstein, P., Grann, M., Goodwin, G.M., & Langstrom, N. (2010). Bipolar Disorder and Violent CrimeNew Evidence From Population-Based Longitudinal Studies and Systematic Review. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(9), 931-938.

Feldmann, T.B. (2001). Bipolar Disorder and Violence. Psychiatric Quarterly, 72(2), 119-129.

Link, B.G., Monahan, J., Ann, S., & Cullen, F.T. (1999). Real in Their Consequences: A Sociological Approach to Understanding the Association between Psychotic Symptoms and Violence. American Sociological Review, 64(2), 316-332.

Phishing Spea Phishing and Phaming

The following is intended to povide a vey bief oveview of examples of some the most dangeous and pevasive secuity isks in the online and netwoked wold. One of the most insidious of identity theft is known as phishing. The tem 'phishing' efes to the pactice of "fishing fo infomation." This tem was oiginally used to descibe "phishing" fo cedit cad numbes and othe sensitive infomation that can be used by the ciminal. Phishing attacks use "…spoofed emails and faudulent websites to deceive ecipients into divulging pesonal financial data, such as cedit cad numbes, account usenames and passwods, social secuity numbes etc." (All about Phishing) . Thompson ( 2006) clealy outlines the basics of a phishing attack.

A typical phishing sends out millions of faudulent e-mail messages that appea to come fom popula Web sites that most uses tust, such as eBay, Citibank, AOL, Micosoft and the…...

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references the CISA Review Manual, 2006.

Thompson, S.C. (2006). Phight Phraud: Steps to Protect against Phishing. Journal of Accountancy, 201(2).

This study by Thompson provides some significant aspects that the business owner and customers in online commerce should pay attention to. These include basic but important aspect that should include in e-training; for example, never e-mail personal or financial information or never to respond to requests for personal information in e-mails. This provides useful background to the issue of risk identification and is also related management of this threat.

Wetzel R. ( 2005) Tackling Phishing: It's a Never-Ending Struggle, but the Anti-Fraud Arsenal Continues to Grow. Business Communications Review, 35, 46+.

This study A sheds light on the implications in term of the costs of identity fraud to financial institutions. The study underscores the severity of the vulnerabilities faced by today's organizations in the online world. The author refers to the obvious cost to intuitions like banks and also discusses hidden costs that relate to the erosion of customer confidence as a result of ID theft.

isk management is aimed at determining possible problems beforehand in order to plan and invoke risk-handling activities, as required, across the project's or product's life, for mitigating negative effects on attaining objectives. The process of risk management constitutes a key part of technical and business management systems; it is constant and forward-thinking. isk management must deal with problems that threaten the attainment of key aims. A constant risk management strategy is adopted for successfully predicting and reducing risk elements, which critically affect a venture. A sound risk management plan entails timely and forceful risk identification by way of participation and collaboration of concerned stakeholders. Effective leadership is required across all concerned stakeholders for cultivating an environment conducive to honest and uninhibited discovery and analysis of risk. While technical problems constitute a major concern in the early stages as well as all through the course of the project, risk management has…...

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References

Allnutt, S., O'Driscoll, C., Ogloff, J. R., Daffern, M., & Adams, J. (2010). Clinical risk assessment and management: a practical manual for mental health clinicians.

Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). Rehabilitating criminal justice policy and practice.Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 16(1), 39.

Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, J. S. (2011). THE RISK-NEED-RESPONSIVITY (RNR) MODEL Does Adding the Good Lives Model Contribute to Effective Crime Prevention?. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(7), 735-755.

Douglas, K. S., Hart, S. D., Webster, C. D., Belfrage, H., Guy, L. S., & Wilson, C. M. (2014). Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20, Version 3 (HCR-20V3): Development and Overview. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(2), 93-108.

Fact 9:

Europe's more liberal drug policies are not the right model for America.

Fact 10:

Most non-violent drug users get treatment, not jail time. (Legalization, 2010).

Conclusion

There are no benefits for society in the legalization of marijuana. The money from the taxing of the marijuana will end up being use to regulate and enforce the dispensaries. The money to treat the addiction will be another source of lost revenues from the taxation.

Increased usage by underage teens will be the same as cigarettes and alcohol and will increase as the price drops as it did in the Dutch experiment. Kids will be introduced onto the drug culture that leads to the use of the harder narcotics as a result of the increased access to the marijuana. The benefits will be just moved from one area to other areas of criminalization.

eferences

DEA website. 2010. etrieved on May 10, 2010 from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june01/drugs_marijuanaharm.html

"Feature: Hundreds of Los Angeles Medical…...

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References

DEA website. 2010. Retrieved on May 10, 2010 from  http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june01/drugs_marijuanaharm.html 

"Feature: Hundreds of Los Angeles Medical Marijuana Dispensaries Face Closure Under New Rules Passed by Council" 2010. Retrieved on May 10, 2010 from  http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/618/los_angeles_medical_marijuana_dispensary_ordinance_approved 

Joffe, a. & Yancy, W. "Legalization of Marijuana: Potential Impact on Youth." 2004. PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 No. 6 June 2004, pp. e632-e638. Retrieved on May 10, 2010 from  http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/113/6/e632 

"Legalization- Arguments Pro and Con." 2010 Retrieved on May 10, 2010 from  http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/2395/Legalization-ARGUMENTS-PRO-CON.html

JCP -- Kohl's
isk Factors

JC Penney's business has a number of risk factors. On the surface, JC Penney should be in a stable, uninteresting industry, but there are a number of risk factors, and the company's recent difficulties have revealed some of these.

The first major risk factor is that JCP is, ultimately, in the fashion business. Any company that sells clothing faces the singular reality that clothing fashions change, and if at any point the clothes it sells are not in line with the latest fashions, it will be stuck with excess inventory that will have to be sold at a significant discount, in many cases at a loss. Purchasing is therefore a critical element of JCP's business. The company's purchasers must accurately gauge the coming trends for each season. There is a long lead time with respect to fashion trends -- clothes go on sale at least one season ahead…...

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References

Halkias, M. (2015). JC Penney CEO Marvin Ellison focused on building customer loyalty. Dallas Morning News. Retrieved January 26, 2017 from  http://www.dallasnews.com/business/retail/2015/10/07/j.c.-penney-ceo-marvin-ellison-focused-on-building-customer-loyalty 

JC Penney 2015 Form 10-K. Retrieved January 26, 2017 from  http://ir.jcpenney.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=70528&p=irol-reportsAnnual 

MSN Moneycentral (2017). JC Penney Retrieved January 26, 2017 from  https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/stockdetails/financials/fi-126.1.JCP.NYS 

Tichy, N. (2014) JC Penney and the terrible cost of hiring an outsider CEO. Fortune. Retrieved January 26, 2017 from  http://fortune.com/2014/11/13/jc-penney-ron-johnson-ceo-succession/

Problem StatementThe problem to be addressed in this study is Alzheimers Disease (AD) is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disorder estimated to affect over 5 million women in the United States, yet recent research has shown that many cases go undiagnosed (oyse et al., 2021). This leads to significant health inequalities for American women compared with men because of their increased risk for diagnosis due to their demographic factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity (de Lange, 2020; Dubal, 2020; Majoka & Schimming, 2022; Peeters et al., 2022). esearch has also suggested that American women with AD experience greater disability and require more assistance than their male counterparts, which further highlights the issue of inequity in healthcare for women (Zuo & Heflin, 2022).Given this inequity along with the increasing prevalence of AD in the United States (de Lange, 2020), there is a critical need to understand the disproportionate impacts of…...

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ReferencesBeckman, D., & Morrison, J. H. (2021). Towards developing a rhesus monkey model of early Alzheimer’s disease focusing on women’s health. American Journal of Primatology, 83(11), 1–7.de Lange, A. G. (2020, August). Women\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s brain aging: Effects of sex-hormone exposure, pregnancies, and genetic risk for Alzheimer\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s disease. Human Brain Mapping, 41(18), 5141-5150.Mielke, M. M. (2018). Sex and gender differences in Alzheimer’s disease dementia. The Psychiatric times, 35(11), 14.Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to do a systematic review: A best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Annual review of psychology, 70, 747-770.

isk Management Plan for Exxon Mobil
A risk management process is a systematic application of management policies for the purpose of identifying, analyzing, evaluating and mitigating any possible risks within an organization. The following paper focuses on formulation of risk management plan for Exxon Mobil, one of the world's most renowned oil and gas companies. The risks would be identified and selected applicable to this firm and after their evaluation, a risk treatment plan would be advised.

Establish the isk Context

Identifying the Context for isk Assessment

eviewing current organizational processes

Being in the gas and power marketing department of the company, there are certain risks applicable within my area of operation. In order to clearly determine those risks, first, a comprehensive look at Exxon Mobil's organizational processes along with a SWOT analysis is presented. The firm is dedicated to create and maintain an environmental policy that would protect the environment on long-term basis. It…...

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References

Bastian, B.L. & Tucci, C. (2010). An empirical investigation on the effects of political risk on technology strategies of firms, presented at Summer Conference 2010, London, 2010. London: Imperial College London Business School. Retrieved from http://www2.druid.dk/conferences/viewpaper.php?id=501908&cf=43

Exxon Mobil. (n.d.). About us: How we operate. Retrieved from  http://lubes.ExxonMobil.com/Lubes/about_how.aspx 

Green Peace. (2011). Risks and potential impacts of oil exploration in the Arctic. Retrieved from   / FinalArcticBriefing2011.pdfhttp://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2011 

Hirsch, A. (2011, June 17). Exxon Mobil accused of 'fraud' in Jacksonville gas spill trail. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from   county/bs-md-co-exxon-trial-closing-20110617-story.htmlhttp://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore -

While stress is a commonly used term, it is a poorly defined term that can refer to a wide scope of things, depending on the context.  Generally speaking, stress refers to the person’s response to some sort of aversive stimuli or stressor, though stress can also be used to refer to the stimuli that causes the stress.  The perception of stress appears to be related to whether a person finds a particular stimulus to be overwhelming. Therefore, a stress concept analysis can have different meanings and is personalized for each person experiencing a particular stressor.  Generally, we....

Teen suicide is a one of the biggest health threats to teens.  This may be due to many factors, such as the fact that teenage brains are not fully developed, hormone changes from puberty, teen vulnerability to child abuse or dating violence, or the fact that many mental illnesses begin to emerge in the teenage or young adult years.  Reducing the suicide rate among teens is a consistent public health goal, though there is no guaranteed intervention that will always lead to success.  With social media usage among teens changing the way that teens socialize, there is little....

One of the troubling things about breast cancer in the United States is how much more fatal it is for black women than for white women.  Understanding this difference will not only help improve care for African American women, but also help explore the racial disparities that exist throughout the American healthcare system.  To do this, it is important really understand the concept.  What are the reasons that black women are more likely to die of breast cancer than white women? Critical to understanding this concept is the fact that, while black....

1. The Role of Exercise in Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Men: A Comprehensive Examination

Introduction: Highlight the prevalence and impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among men and emphasize the role of exercise as a preventive measure.

Body:
Discuss the physiological mechanisms by which exercise improves cardiovascular health, including increased blood flow, improved blood pressure regulation, and enhanced lipid profiles.
Explore the specific types and intensities of exercise that are most effective in reducing CVD risk.
Review evidence from clinical trials and observational studies demonstrating the association between regular exercise and lower incidence of CVD events.

Conclusion: Summarize the key findings supporting the protective....