SIDS Counseling Treatment Plan
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Treatment Plan

The unexpected death of an infant is a heartbreaking tragedy. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) refers to the sudden death of a child which occurs without any known cause. While there are some risk factors for SIDS, little is known about the disorder. Sudden infant death syndrome is the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States (McClain, Arnold, Longchamp, & Shaefer, 2004). Families, who lose a child because of SIDS, require assistance in acknowledging their child's death and expressing grief in a safe and healthy manner. Christian grief counseling provides families affected by SIDS with the support and skills to identify and express their emotions after the sudden death of a child.

The purpose of Christian bereavement counseling is to promote the understanding of death and grief and the healthy expression of emotions. A treatment plan for a family affected…...

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References

(McClain M. Arnold J. Longchamp E. Shaefer J. 2004 Beareavement counseling for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infant mortality: Core competencies for the health care professional) McClain, M., Arnold, J., LongchampNewman (2006), E., & Shaefer, J. (2004). Beareavement counseling for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infant mortality: Core competencies for the health care professional. Retrieved April 7, 2011, from   -- CoreComp.pdfhttp://www.asip1.org/images/BerCouns 

(Newman W. 2006 Bible teaching about Christian counseling theory and practice) Newman, W. (2006). Bible teaching about Christian counseling theory and practice (Rev. ed.). Tacoma, WA: Newman International LLC.

(Worden J. 2009 Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner) Worden, J. (2009). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner (4th ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

78), or that particulate air pollutants might be a contributing factor in SIDS (Glinianaia, Svetlana V., Rankin, Judith, Bell, Ruth, Pless-Mulloui, Tanja, and Howel, Denise, 2004, p. 1365). However, data that would link either of these things as the specific cause of SIDS is still being researched, and remains inconclusive at this time. Much more study is needed to understand SIDS.
Sleep apnea has been the subject of recent research involving SIDS, and while all babies are prone to moments of pausing in their breathing, says, Dr. Robert G. Meny, Maryland's School of Medicine's Sudden Infant Death Institute, "The question is not if -- the question is how much, how often, and how long. I begin to worry especially when I see the pauses for more than 20 seconds (Stehlin, Doris, 1991, p. 16)." In cases where a parent notices prolonged and ongoing apnea, infant apnea monitors have proven successful…...

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Works Cited

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=81925174 

Bergman, Abraham B. The "Discovery" of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Lessons in the Practice of Political Medicine. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1986. Questia. 24 Feb. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=81925176 .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002262098

Bhavnagri, Navaz Peshotan, and Janet Gonzalez-Mena. "The Cultural Context of Infant Caregiving." Childhood Education 74.1 (1997): 2+. Questia. 24 Feb. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002262098 .

In addition to sleeping the infant on his or her back, CBNR reports that steps must be taken to ensure that the child's respiration and circulation are not constricted in any way. CBNR indicates that "over bundling, and consequently overheating, has been shown to increase SIDS risk. Overheating may disrupt the normal neurological control of sleep and breathing." (p. 1)
Research has also increasingly pointed to the surface and surroundings of the inside of the crib as areas where steps can be taken toward prevention. ebMD (2010) indicates that the crib should be free from any loose objects such as toys, stuffed animals, loose pillows, loose blankets or sheets. Essentially, the parent will want to leave nothing in the crib which the infant, while unattended, can use to accidentally smother itself. Additionally, the surface of the best is to be flat and firm. Soft surfaces increase the risk of the…...

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Works Cited:

American SIDS Institute (ASI). (2010). Reducing the Risk of SIDS. SIDS.org.

Creative Baby Nursery Rooms (CBNR). (2007). SIDS Prevention Advice For New Moms. Creative-baby-nursery-rooms.com.

Sears, W. (2006). SIDS. Ask Dr. Sears.

WebMD. (2010). SIDS Prevention. A Guide to Your Baby's Sleep and Napping.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
The causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) still remain poorly understood. Although there has been a dramatic decrease in its incidence, it still remains a leading cause of infant death in babies older than 30 days and younger than a year (Carolan, 2015, p.1). SIDS occurs when a previously healthy infant goes to sleep and for no apparent reason dies before waking. One of the most common hypotheses is developmental or that some infants "may experience abnormal or delayed development of specific critical areas of their brain. This could negatively affect the function and connectivity to regions regulating arousal during sleep" (Carolan, 2015, p.2). A lack of neurological response to temporary obstruction of the infant's breathing could cause sudden death. Undiagnosed birth defects or abnormalities (teratogens) may be the cause of at least a small but significant percentage of SIDS cases. "In 15%-25% of sudden,…...

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References

Carolan, P. (2015). SIDS. Medicine.net. Retrieved from:  http://www.medicinenet.com/sids/page2.htm 

Downey, G., Silver, R.C., & Wortman, C.B. (1990). Reconsidering the attribution-adjustment

relation following a major negative event: coping with the loss of a child.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5):925-40.

For example, when mothers smoke during pregnancy they not only put toxins in their own bodies, but into the bodies of their babies as well. In addition to these toxins, the maternal smoking often deprives the babies of the oxygen that it needs, and this can result in abnormalities that can lead to SIDS. Metabolic disorders are also a consideration for babies that die of SIDS, although this has not been proven (www.nichd.nih.gov,1997).
As for treatment or prevention, there is little that can be said. Naturally, there is no treatment for SIDS, since by definition it results in the death of the infant. Prevention is also not something that can be accomplished, since there is no definite way to prevent SIDS. However, there are ways to reduce the risk, such as making sure that the baby sleeps only on its back and not on its stomach, keeping the baby's environment…...

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Works Cited www.nichd.nih.gov.(1997). Fact Sheet: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Retrieved 8 February 2005 at  http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/sidsfact.htm .

A www.sidscenter.org.(n.d.). What is SIDS? Retrieved 8 February 2005 at  http://www.sidscenter.org/SIDSFACT.HTM .

Infant Sleep Patterns
People sleep nearly one third of their lives and infants sleep significantly more than adults (Franken, Kopp, Landolt, & Luthi, 2009). The function of sleep has hypothesized by different researchers; however, surprisingly there is no general consensus as to what the function and purpose of sleep actually is. It is known that sleep deprivation can have some serious consequences, especially in infants. The reason for this is that growth cycles as well as other developmental and functional processes occur in both the brain and body during sleep (Franken et al., 2009). Since getting adequate sleep is vital in infants it is important to understand their sleeping needs and patterns. In order to understand how to establish safe sleep patterns for children less than 18 months of age is important to understand the stages of sleep, the hypothetical functions of sleep, and the needs of infants regarding sleep at…...

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References

Carpenter, R., McGarvey, C., Mitchell, E.A., Tappin, D.M., Vennemann, M.M., Smuk, M.,

Carpenter, J.R. (2013). Bedsharing when parents do not smoke: Is there a risk of SIDS?

An individual level analysis of five major case-control studies. British Medical Journal Open, BMJ Open 2013;3:e002299. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002299

Franken, P., Kopp, C., Landolt, H.P., & Luthi, A. (2009). The functions of sleep. European Journal of Neuroscience, 29(9), 1739-1740.

More Care Giving to Babies:

One of the biggest advantages of co sleeping is increase in breast feeding (McKenna, 1994; Richard et al., 1996). This is admitted even by the most conventional American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) that co-sleeping has the most advantage of breast feeding. According to the research, mothers who co-sleep breast feed an average of twice as long as non-co-sleeping mothers. Moreover, the act of sucking in breast feeding increases oxygen flow, which is useful for both baby's growth and immune functions (McKenna, 1994).

In addition, co-sleeping infants also get more notice and protective care. The studies have shown that mothers who co-sleep provides five times the number of care like as adjusting the baby's blanket, stroking or cuddling as compared to those mothers who were non-co sleepers (Mosko, 1997).

Long-Term Benefits of Co- Sleeping in Children as adults

Higher self-esteem:

Those boys who co-slept with their parents during the time of…...

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Works Cited

La Leche League International, Inc. (1997). The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding. (6th rev. ed.)

Schaumberg, IL: Author

Davies, L. (1995). Babies Co-sleeping with Parents. Midwives: Official Journal of the Royal

Heinig, M.J. (2000). Bed sharing and infant mortality: Guilt by association? Journal of Human

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The articles explore separate studies about the topic. The author of this work discusses various aspects of each article and their merit. There were two sources used to complete this paper.
Each year in America thousands of parents walk into their infants room and discover that the child has died from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The tragedy shocks and baffles the medical community as it continues to search for answers not only to what causes the syndrome but also what parents can do to reduce the risk of it striking their child. Studies around the globe have been conducted to this end with mixed results.

The determination of factors that influence the existence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is vital to the ability to stop its occurrence.

Study one

The first study examined whether the temperament of an infant has a bearing on whether that child is more prone…...

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REFERENCES

Temperament ratings do not predict arousability in normal infants and infants at increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. (Original Articles).

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics; 10/1/2002; Adamson, T. Michael

Cosleeping in young Korean children.

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics; 6/1/2002; Hahn, Hong-Moo

If a driver ignored a road sign that said "Danger: Bridge Out!" and proceeded along the street, he would be labeled as an idiot by his community. If a fence had a sign on it that read, "arning: Vicious Dogs" and some adventure-seeking teens climbed that fence, no one would be surprised when they had their legs torn off by a pack of pit bulls. However, every single year 400,000 Americans die[1] from ignoring one of the most infamous warnings: The Surgeon General's warning on cigarette packages. Smoking cigarettes may seem to be a part of the definition of being an American-- everyone from the street punk rebels to the successful big business CEOs are automatically visualized with a cigarette or fat Cuban cigar hanging from their mouths. These smokers see themselves as a better person for the momentary pleasure they receive from these tobacco products, but fail to realize…...

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Works Cited.

The American Cancer Society. Who Is At Risk? "Tobacco and Cancer." 2001.

The American Heart Association. Publications and Resources. "Tobacco Smoke."

California Department of Health Services. Youth Media Network. "Effects of Secondhand Smoke." November 2001.

Emphysema Foundation For Our Right to Survive. Medical Info Pages. "About Smoking With Emphysema." January 2002.

killing of a child in real life has no symbolic meaning, no power other than that of an expression of evil and is, therefore, one of the worst acts a human, let alone a parent, can commit. In literature, however, the killing of children is symbolic of a diseased mind or of a diseased culture. Euripides' Medea kills her children, but she is a symbol of Mother Earth, of the Gods, and of nature all of which can exert, with no warning and no necessity of explanation, a death upon any or all of us. That which we are given can be taken away. The killing of a child in literature is, in some contexts, a symbolic reminder of the seeming arbitrariness of nature. While some critics interpret Medea as being a proactive population reducer, she can be rightly understood as a sick woman who, like the animals that…...

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Bibliography

Mark, David and Dubowitz, Howard. "Fathers and Child Neglect." AMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association. May 17, 2000 v283 i19 p2505. Online. Internet. CD-ROM Database: Infotrac.

Mark and Dubowitz provide a keen insight into the role of fathers as the primary source of child abuse through neglect. The authors observe that the majority of single-parent homes are run by women because the father/husband has abandoned his duties. As abandonment is a key factor in analysis of Medea's motivations for murdering her children, this article provides modern examples of Jason's behaviors.

Crimmins, Susan; Langley, Sandra; Brownstein, Henry; Spunt, Barry. "Convicted women who have killed children: A Self-Psychology Perspective." Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Feb, 1997. v12. n1. p49(21). Online. Internet. CD-ROM Database: Infotrac.

The authors of this study found a prevalence of damaged psyches and significant mental problems in women convicted of killing their children. The extent that these self-damage indicators interfered with the women's ability to parent children is discussed. Links between these self-damage experiences and the homicide and explored.

Discussion eplyKnowing about the safe sleeping positions for babies is vital information in preventing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 1. The strategies implemented to avoid SIDS were informative because they indicate a push for improvements in areas that might have been overlooked. I did not know how big INOVA was, and I found that to be quite valuable information. As the information is being disseminated, it would also be vital that the bad sleeping positions be discussed and demonstrated. While we may focus more on safe sleeping positions, we should not fail to mention why the bad positions are wrong and the effects they can have on the child. Also, note that there are risks involved in infants sleeping on their back for long periods. One of the risks is positional plagiocephaly. Sharing knowledge is vital for improving life and reducing infant mortality cases. As Proverbs 2:10…...

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References1. Goldberg N, Rodriguez-Prado Y, Tillery R, Chua C. Sudden infant death syndrome: a review. Pediatric annals. 2018;47(3):e118-e123. doi:10.3928/19382359-20180221-032. NKJV. The Holy Bible. OUP Oxford; 2018.3. Weihrauch-Blüher S, Schwarz P, Klusmann J-H. Childhood obesity: increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and cancer in adulthood. Metabolism. 2019;92:147-152. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.001

Extending Postpartum Medicaid to One YearBreastfeeding has health benefits for both babies and mothers. Breast milk provides a baby with ideal nutrition and supports growth and development. Breastfeeding can also help protect baby and mom against certain illnesses and diseases. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023As the epigraph above makes clear, postpartum care is critically important for the health and wellbeing of both mothers and infants following childbirth. During this vulnerable period of transition and recovery, continued medical support helps detect and address potential complications or risks arising from delivery. The well-being of the mother is a crucial factor in the child\\\'s initial year of development. There has also been a rising trend in new mothers actively engaging in breastfeeding postpartum. Breastfeeding offers numerous health advantages, including passive immunity, a healthier digestive system, a reduced incidence of diabetes in breastfed children, and a myriad of other benefits.…...

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ReferencesAttanasio, L. B., Ranchoff, B. L., & Geissler, K. H. (2021). Perceived discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization and postpartum visit attendance and content: Evidence from the Listening to Mothers in California survey. PLoS ONE, 16(6), 1–12.Boundy, E. O., Nelson, J. M., & Li, R. (2023). Public Belief in the Maternal Health Benefits of Breastfeeding - United States, 2018 and 2021. Preventing Chronic Disease, 20, E75.Breastfeeding Benefits Both Baby and Mom. (2023). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from   Postpartum Medicaid Coverage. (2023). American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Retrieved from  https://www.acog.org/advocacy/policy-priorities/extend-postpartum-medicaid-coverage#:~:text= .Georgetown University McCourt School of Public Policy. (2022). Early Research Shows Benefits of One Year of Postpartum Medicaid. Retrieved from: https://ccf.georgetown. edu/2022/12/15/early-research-shows-benefits-of-one-year-of-postpartum-medicaid-as-states-and-congress-consider/.Malhi, P., Bharti, B., & Sidhu, M. (2023). Benefits of Breastfeeding, Early Home Stimulation, and Maternal Demographic Factors on Cognitive Functioning of Toddlers. Psychological Studies, 68(4), 563–570.Medicaid Postpartum Coverage Extension Tracker. (2023). Medicaid. Retrieved from  https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-postpartum-coverage-extension-tracker/ .Nordquist, C. (2013, February 8). Breastfeeding Increasing, says CDC. Medical News Today. Retrieved from:  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/256060#1 .Texas Health and Human Services. Medicaid for Pregnant Women and CHIP Perinatal. Retrieved from:  https://www.hhs.texas.gov/services/health/medicaid-chip/medicaid-chip-programs-services/programs-women/medicaid-pregnant-women-chip-perinatal Tsai, D. (2021, December 7). Improving Maternal Health and Extending Postpartum Coverage in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Centers for Medicaid and Medicaid Services. Retrieved from https://www.medicaid.gov/sites/default/ files/2021-12/sho21007_1.pdf.https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/features/breastfeeding-benefits/index.html#:~:text=Breastfeeding%20can%20help%20protect%20babies,infant%20death%20syndrome%20(SIDS) .Extend

242). This approach to decision making in public administration was thought to result in improved policies since the approach was well suited to the pluralist environment in which these decisions were being made and provided opportunities for alternative views to be advanced. The incremental model as "took into account the limitations of human cognitive capacities and the costs of acquiring information" (Utter & Lockhart, 2002, p. 242).
Lindblom, C.E. (1959, Spring). The science of 'muddling through.' Public dministration

Review, 19, 79-88 in Stevens at 15.

Stevens, J.B. (1993). The economics of collective choice. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Utter, G.H. & Lockhart, C. (2002). merican political scientists: dictionary. Westport, CT:

Greenwood Press.

Unit II ssessment.

Question 1:

Marble cake federalism

Question 2:

Congressional Budget Office

Question 3:

Municipal

Question 4:

Pluralism and Calvinism

Question 5:

Federal system of government

Question 6:

"Why can't the citizens of the states just keep their money rather than paying it to the federal government so they can return it in grants…...

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According to Hanson (1998), "Adherents to picket fence federalism contend that the most important components of the federal system are the various functional bureaucracies, not the national, state, or local governments" (p. 24). From this perspective, the "pickets" of the governmental fence (e.g., the national, state, and local governments) are frequently too fragmented to provide the level of coordination needed to effect meaningful action at the local level (Hanson, 1998). A good example of how this approach has been used in New Brunswick, New Jersey is the implementation of so-called "Special Improvement Districts" (also known as Business Improvement Districts) that are described by the municipality as being "Self-help ventures organized by property owners and local governments to identify and develop defined areas of cities where a more successful and profitable business climate is needed" (Special improvement districts, 2009, p. 1). These districts, which are referred to by the acronym "SID," are managed by private agents who coordinates commercial promotional activities, as well as identifying opportunities for improving the security and maintenance services for existing businesses in their districts (Special improvement districts, 2009). According to the city's official Web site at   "The law permits property owners and businesses in the specified district to organize and assess themselves to pay for the services that they determine. SIDs provide specialized services to advance business revitalization in downtowns. These services are designed to complement rather than replace municipal government services" (Special improvement districts, 2009, p. 3).http://www.newbrunswick.com ,

Hanson, R.L. (1998). Governing partners: State-local relations in the United States. Boulder,

CO: Westview Press.

Maternity Nursing, Labor & Delivery / Newborn
Labor and Delivery Terms

Para: Para refers to the number of live births a woman has had (it might be a stillbirth, or twins, or even triplets) past the 20-week gestation period (Zimmerman, p. 116).

Gravida: this refers to the number of times a woman has been pregnant, whether she actually gave birth, had an abortion or a stillbirth (Zimmerman, p. 116).

Amniotic Sac: this is a membrane around which the fetus is surrounded. It is a strong series of membranes that is visible after 7 weeks of gestation. (Jurkovic, et al., 2011).

Cervical Effacement: this phrase refers to the measurement of the expansion of the cervix as the baby gets closer to being born. hen the cervix is 50% effaced, it is halfway to being ready for the baby to be born (Jurkovic, et al., 2011).

Cervical dilation: Slowly but surely the cervix begins to open (called dilation)…...

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Works Cited

Encyclopedia Britannica. (2010). Childbirth. Retrieved August 17, 2011, from  http://www.britannica.com/bps/search?query=childbirth .

Heller, Michelle E., and Veach, Lynette M. (2008). Clinical Medical Assisting: A Professional,

Field Smart Approach to the Workplace. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning.

Jailkhani, R., Patil, VS., Laxman, HB, Shivashankara, AR, Kulkarni, SP, and Ravindra, MS.

In light of the evidence in this literature review then it is of great import that monitoring of the health of pregnant women is vital in reference to LW infants not only in the sense of present terms but as well to lifelong health considerations for the LW infant which is probably why stated further is: "Given the relative neglect that mothers and newborns have suffered, their centrality to the Millennium Development Goals, and the cost-effectiveness of maternal and newborn health interventions, a greater emphasis on safe motherhood and newborn health is clearly needed within many health sectors." (JHPIEGO, 2003)
Literature Review

Stated in the publication "Shaping Policy for Maternal and Newborn Health: A Compendium of Case Studies (2003) is that: "The health of a newborn is inextricably linked to the health of the mother; the majority of newborn deaths are caused by the poor health of the mother during pregnancy,…...

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Bibliography

Krieger N. & Smith, G.(2004) Bodies County and body counts: Epidemiology and embodying inequality. Epidemiological Review Journal 200:26:92-103

Coker, AL et al. (2004) Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Pediatrics Perinatal Epidemiology 2004 Jul; 18 (4): 260-9. University of Texas School of Public Health.

Bohn, D.K. et al. (2004) Influences of Income, Education, Age, and Ethnicity on Physical Abuse before and During Pregnancy. Journal Obstetrics Gynecology Neonatal Nursing 2004 Sep-Oct; 33(5): 561-71.

Salihu, Boy a. (2004) Intimate Partner Violence and Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review International Journal of Fertility Women's Medicine 2004 Jul-Aug; 49(4): 159-64. Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.

Persuasive No-Smoking Essay Topics in MLA Format

Introduction:

The harmful effects of smoking on individuals and society have been extensively documented and scientifically proven. In light of this compelling evidence, it is imperative to advocate for comprehensive smoke-free policies to protect public health and promote a smoke-free future. This essay will explore persuasive topics that highlight the detrimental impacts of smoking, advocate for its cessation, and support the implementation of effective smoke-free measures.

Topic 1: The Devastating Health Consequences of Smoking

Discuss the severe health risks associated with smoking, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory illnesses.
Cite....