Sport Finance Essays (Examples)

Consortiums and collaborations

Harvard is part of the original Ivy League sporting conference, encompassing Yale, Princeton, Brown, the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, and Dartmouth. Harvard students are also able, with permission, to take classes at MIT and at Harvard graduate institutions. Harvard offers extensive study abroad options.

Intercollegiate athletics

Harvard has 41 Division I intercollegiate varsity sports teams for women and men, more than any other Division I college in the country. Harvard is also a proud member of the Ivy League, which is a sporting conference of some of the nation's finest academic institutions (Athletics, 2009, Harvard College).

Community involvement

Harvard has an extensive network of student-directed community service organizations: "Students direct over 120 different programs in and around the Greater Boston area" (Community outreach, 2009, Harvard College). Student-lead groups include afterschool tutoring programs for the disadvantaged members of the community, health awareness and drug abuse prevention programs, mentoring…

Works Cited

At a glance. (2009). Harvard College. College Board. Retrieved June 21, 2009 at  http://collegesearch.collegeboard.com/search/CollegeDetail.jsp?collegeId=1251&profileId=0 

Athletics. (2009). Harvard College. Retrieved June 21, 2009 at http://www.admissions.college.harvard.edu/about/beyond/athletics.html

Community outreach. (2009). Harvard College

http://www.admissions.college.harvard.edu/about/beyond/community.html

Finance

Lawrence Sports Simulation

Lawrence Sports are facing a challenge; they have a single buyer for their goods and deal with two main suppliers. he firm is facing delays in collecting the accounts receivable from the buyer; Mayo, while the payments for the suppliers; Garner Products and Murray Leather Works remain due. he strategy suggested is to readjust the credit terms with Lawrence and the suppliers to reduce the pressure o the cash flow and decrease the requirement for borrowing. he strategy requires the balancing of the different stakeholders needs in order to retain the good business relationships. he strategy of tightening the credit policy is to be accompanied by the use of the balanced scorecard which will help the firm focus on the overall performance and Cash Conversion Cycle

he cash conversion cycle measures the time between a firm spending cash and collect cash from the sales. he longer…

The alterative many be to review the payment terms offered to Mayo in order to reduce the time they are taking to pay their invoices, even offering a small discount may be preferable to the incurring of interest charges on large amounts of outstanding capital. Mayo may also resist, so this would also take negotiation and may place the business prelateship under strain; especially if Mayo has low switching costs and other suppliers are available (Mintzberg et al., 2008). A combination of the two may be advisable as it would allow for moves at both ends of the cash conversion cycle.

Balanced Scorecard Measures

The balanced scorecard is being introduced as a way of guiding and measuring the firm performance. If implemented it is necessary to assess the measures which may

If the owner agrees, it discharges the debt under accord and satisfaction, as long as he takes the funds (cashes the check) knowing or with reason to know that it's consideration for discharging the debt. Even though it seems there's no new consideration here, there actually is; because it's a new promise to pay, given the fact that the owner would probably not be able to collect any funds otherwise.

As for the interest, if Mrs. Green disagrees with the calculation, she can recover under contract theory if she is proven correct. Unilateral mistake can be corrected in this fashion. If however, she knew of the error, then she would not be able to collect after the fact. Of course, she has to prove in a court that the calculation was incorrect.

Mary had contracted away her right to sue. A contract must have offer, acceptance and consideration (i.e., some…

Sports Bar

A partnership firm would be the best choice for Lou and Jose sports bar and restaurant business. To form a partnership, four criteria must be fulfilled: partnership must have two or more persons; the same persons must be caring the business, business must be for profit, and all persons must be co-owners. Lou, Jose, and Miriam will be co-owners for-profit business and Lou and Jose will be caring daily duties of a sports bar and restaurant. However, in a partnership control is shared by all the partners. Every decision is made on the understanding and agreement between all the partners. Lou and Jose will have general partnership while Miriam as an investor partner will not control business activities.

The reason a partnership firm would be the best choice is because neither of them have much money and Miriam is willing to be the investor who will not participate…

Reference

Limited liability partnership. (n.d.). West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Retrieved June 16, 2012, from Answers.com Web site:  http://www.answers.com/topic/limited-liability-partnership 

Partnership. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Small Business. Retrieved June 16, 2012, from Answers.com Web site:  http://www.answers.com/topic/partnership 

Cheeseman, H.R. (2010). The Legal Environment of Business and online Commerce: Business

Ethics, E-Commerce, Regulatory, and International Issues. 6th ed. Prentice Hall

minimum academic references, text. Integrate literature essay. Remember introduction a conclusion. Avoid casual language, informal language, biased language. rite academic style.

Leadership in sports

Professional sport has experienced much progress across time, as individuals involved in the domain got actively engaged in implementing reform processes meant to improve it in general. Many people are likely to think about one thing when coming across the idea of leadership in sport: coach. Coaches have been traditionally accustomed to performing all sorts of activities related to sport, regardless of their complexity. Even with this, as the world of sport also experienced advancements, society came to observe the need for a series of other professionals that would deal with leadership in sport.

Taking into account the magnitude of the contemporary sport industry, it would be safe to say it is one of the most successful domains. In the past sports were provided with lesser…

Works cited:

Borland, J.F., & Burton, L.J. "Sport Leadership in the 21st Century," (Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 3 Apr 2014).

Pedersen, P.M., Miloch, K.S., & Laucella, P.C. "Strategic Sport Communication." (Human Kinetics, 2007).

Pietrusza, D. "Judge and Jury: The Life and Times of Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis." (Taylor Trade Publications, 23 Oct 2001).

Zimbalist, A. "In the Best Interests of Baseball: The Revolutionary Reign of Bud Selig." (John Wiley & Sons, 22 Jun 2007).

Stories detailing the rise and fall of the Egyptians, the Roman Empire and other great nations proved mesmerizing and intriguing.

My interests in other areas have also been diversified; I have pursued many adventures, participated as president of many clubs, and won many competitions in music, sports, dance and more. My strength has always been academics however. During high school I was presented the unique opportunity to come to the United States and continue my education. It was here that I decided to study history initially. Though my parents pressured me to study finance or business, I found such work tedious at least initially. I did however entertain my parents and begin taking more classes in finance. This was probably the best decision I have ever made and helped create the professional I am today.

The more I learned the more I came to understand that finance was more than…

To remind viewers of the many unique action films offered by the channel, handing out bumper stickers at places where F/X watchers are likely to buy products is one possibility. These stickers could read "F/X Digital -- My Other Car is a Stunt Car." This would offer a humorous, ironic message to draw the attention not just of the driver displaying the sticker, but everyone who saw the sticker. Creating idents, or short video promotions showing very ordinary-looking actors portraying viewers of the F/X channel turning on the channel in digital and suddenly becoming part of one of the shows or the films featured on the channel in the upcoming month would underline the message of: "F/X digital -- watch if you dare." This would show how watching in digital creates a new risky, and thrilling dimension to the television-watching experience.

Advertisements regarding the new dimension digital viewing will bring…

The Wimbledon Tennis tournament as a hallmark-sporting event creates these social and cultural impact of the community. This is because according to theory transient and recurring events act as important methods of collecting identification of host communities. They present opportunities of asserting, reproducing, reinforcing, and contesting prevailing cultural values and beliefs and social norms (Quinn 2009). Hallmark events are identified as functions that support and reinforce the image of established social and cultural norms.

PR Newswire (2012) indicates the unpredictability of the effects of Olympics as its impact may be difficult to evaluate. However, in the case of London's 2012 Olympics, the games left a lasting impression on the socio-cultural context of ritain. According to Dhar (2012), the games led to the unification and social spirit of unity among the ritish during 2012, as compared to the divided and lawlessness associated with urban riots in 2011. The games increased the…

Bibliography

Akerlund, U 2008. Implementation of hallmark events among tourism stakeholders: the discourses of Umea's bid for European Capital of Culture 2014

Andersson, TD, Armbrecht, J and Lundberg, E, 2008. Impact of Mega-Events on the Economy. Asian Business & Management, 7(2), pp. 163-179.

Andrea, C, Andrew, F, Munday, M, and Roberts, a 2007. Assessing the Environmental Consequences of Major Sporting Events: The 2003/04 FA Cup Final. Urban Studies, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 44(3), pp. 457-476.

Anonymous 2012, Apr 18. Olympics 2012: The Economic Impact Market Assessment 2012. PR Newswire.

he answer to the prayers of sport fans seemed to have come in 1982, with the implementation of the Action Sport program. It stood as the first official proposal related to sports development in the country. he program brought significant improvements to the sports scene in England and in several other countries neighboring it, considering that it made it possible for numerous people to get jobs and for more professionals to get actively involved in promoting sports.

he Sports Development Continuum plan came as a method to elaborate the concept of sports development. Derek Casey introduced theories relating to Foundation, Participation, Performance, and Excellence, influencing individuals engaged in sports to gain a better understanding of what sport development meant. he plan was later modified so as for people to comprehend the level to which they could participate and assist the domain. It became obvious that none of the principles put…

The answer to the prayers of sport fans seemed to have come in 1982, with the implementation of the Action Sport program. It stood as the first official proposal related to sports development in the country. The program brought significant improvements to the sports scene in England and in several other countries neighboring it, considering that it made it possible for numerous people to get jobs and for more professionals to get actively involved in promoting sports.

The Sports Development Continuum plan came as a method to elaborate the concept of sports development. Derek Casey introduced theories relating to Foundation, Participation, Performance, and Excellence, influencing individuals engaged in sports to gain a better understanding of what sport development meant. The plan was later modified so as for people to comprehend the level to which they could participate and assist the domain. It became obvious that none of the principles put across by Casey would have any effectiveness if it were not for the others.

The establishment of the National Lottery program in 1994 would practically revolutionize sports as they were perceived by Englishmen. Whereas the program was initially believed to have little effects on the sports development, it brought some of the most important improvements in the domain. The New Laborers plan worked brilliantly and made it possible for sports development to become what it is today -- a booming domain that provides numerous benefits for the people of England.

Also noted by Piard is that once a new stadium is constructed the necessity to construct additional parking facilities is dealt with by the community. The city of Auckland Australia conducted an assessment of the costs and benefits associated with building a waterfront stadium and in its reports stated that the projected costs of construction initially stated at $500 million would in the end actually cost $1 billion and that this amount would construct eight high schools and simultaneously Auckland opted out of the stadium construction proposal.

SUMMARY and CONCLUSION

Construction of a new stadium is a serious issue and there are a great many factors that must be taken into consideration and those factors have been noted in this study. Unless there is no stadium existing in the city in which a new stadium is being considered and there is no other option but to build a stadium then…

Bibliography

Marchek, Jason (2004) Minor League Baseball Stadium Construction: A Primer on the Key Issues and Considerations. The Confluence Research Group.

Nesbitt, Jimmy (2008) Two Measures of Stadium Reveal Different Results. Courierpress. 21 July 2008. Online available at  http://www.courierpress.com/news/2008/jul/21/defining-success/ 

The Pros and Cons of Building a New Football Stadium in Winnipeg (2008) the River City Sports Blog 23 Sept 2008. Online available at http://www.rivercitysportsblog.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-building-a-new-football-stadium-in-winnipeg/

Waterfront Stadium Fiasco (nd) Auckland Civic Trust. Online available at  http://civictrustauckland.org.nz/Documents/WaterFrontStadium.pdf

Improving Competition and Community Engagement

Sports experts, analysts, and observers agree that club football, especially in Europe, is characterized by increased prosperity and popularity. Football has experienced tremendous prosperity and success over the past decade. The increased popularity and prosperity of football clubs has been characterized by the emergence of numerous commercial opportunities and more involvement of fans in the management/running of football clubs. Sports clubs are increasingly exploiting the commercial opportunities through lucrative sponsorship and television deals. Therefore, the success of football clubs in the current sports environment requires increasing capacities to compete with better funded clubs and enhanced community engagement.

Competing with Better Funded Clubs

As the sports industry has become more prosperous and popular, clubs have attracted lucrative sponsorship and television deals as well as other kinds of funding. Currently, there are better funded clubs in the league, which have the money to attract and keep the…

This would considerably simplify matters for Lawrence Sports. Such financing methods are best suited for alimenting short-term objectives.

The reason behind implementing an electronic payments system relies on the fact that the company would count on receiving and making timely payments. This alternative is also designed for simplifying the cash flow.

Preparing and effective cash budget is another alternative solution that must be taken into consideration by the company's managers. The reason that sustains this alternative consists in the fact that companies prefer not to keep big amounts of cash available, but, at the same time, companies are also afraid of keeping amounts of money that are too small for whatever unexpected issues might emerge. Handling large inventories of cash is a strategy that his its advantages and its disadvantages (Brealy, Myers & Allen, 2005).

Another alternative solution mentioned above consists in implementing a factoring system. This financial tool is…

References

Brealy, Myers & Allen (2005). Principles of Corporate Finance: Working Capital Management. New York, McGraw - Hill. Retrieved March 11, 2009.

Bernstein & Maksy (1985). Again Now: How Do We Measure Cash Flow from Operations? Retrieved March 12, 2009.

Ross, Westerfield & Jaffee (2005). Corporate Finance. New York, McGraw - Hill. Retrieved March 12, 2009.

Issue and Opportunity Identification

Joe's Sports, a 50-year-old sporting-goods retailer with stores in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, who filed for bankruptcy protection recently. The company began when "Edward Orkney, a World War II veteran, began selling Army surplus sleeping bags from the back of a station wagon in Portland" (Martinez, 2009). It grew to a chain of 30 stores with over 1,600 employees, and was considered successful until the economic downturn that began in 2008.

The company claims up to $500 million in debt, and there are several of its creditors who are uninsured and facing steep losses, such as Columbia Sportswear, another Washington company, who is owed about $888,300. They owe about $12.8 in total to all their creditors. The company did secure some funding from Wells Fargo etail Finance so it can continue to operate and pay its employees as it attempts to reorganize and again become profitable. The President and CEO…

References

Martinez, A. (2009). Joe's Sports files for bankruptcy protection. Retrieved 13 May 2009 from the Seattle Times Web site:  http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2008814402_joes050.html .

Foremost, unlike the previous alternative solution, the profitability of the sports equipment manufacturer would not be negatively affected by problems in the vendor-supplier relationship.

A b) Supplier-vendor relationship

Unlike changes in the priority of payments, the contracting of a bank loan would not affect the relationship between Lawrence Sports Inc. And its purveyors. The suppliers would still receive their payments at regular dates and would therefore continue delivering high quality commodities in a timely and efficient manner. If something, the relationship would improve as more orders would be made and the company would have a better possibility of honouring its obligations to the suppliers.

A c) Ability to resolve the problem now and in the future

The immediate future could pose some threats as the company would also have to pay the bank loan. However, the additional financial resources would allow the company to further invest in their human resource…

Works Cited

Cameron, E., Green, M., April 2004, Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to Methods, Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change, Kogan Page Limited

Mathis, R.L., Jackson, J.H., January 2005, Human Resource Management, 11th Edition, South-Western

City Town eimaging Using Sports Strategies

A common challenge that has been impacting a number of cities throughout the UK is shifts in the local economy. This is because many industrial centers have been facing a decline in the manufacturing base. As employers, are seeking out locations overseas, where they can perform these functions cheaper. This has been causing various regions to begin to have image problems from these economic issues. (Gratton 2001)

To deal with these challenges, a number of cities have been focusing on using sports strategies to rebrand themselves. This is when they are creating large arenas that can serve as a location for various events. Moreover, many of these regions are concentrating on improving the brand image of the local teams to have a positive impact on the community. The combination of these factors is showing how various cities have been aggressively working to change the…

References

General Area Profile, 2001, West York Observatory. Available from: [28 May 2012].

Make Bradford British, 2012, BBC. Available from: [28 May 2012].

Bradford: Britain's Worst Tourism City, 2010, Telegraph. Available from:  http://www.telegraph.co.uk /news/picturegalleries/howaboutthat/7476314/Bradford-Britains-worst-tourism-city-dangerous-ugly-and-boring.html' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>

The budgeting process requires the university to have a clear sense of its core values: What is more important -- a new athletic facility or maintaining high salaries for faculty? The way that a university education is transmitted to students will also be impacted by the budgetary process. Providing more online courses may cut facilities expenditures, but students will be deprived of the benefits of peer and professor interaction. These classes may be taught by adjuncts and non-tenured faculty -- is it right to create a culture of poorly paid teachers who do not receive benefits?

The most important lesson is that no institution can be all things to all people -- the institution must set priorities and strive to achieve its goals. By trying to do everything, given the limited resources at its disposal, the university will inevitably fail.

student aid programs.

Student finance aid can be described as funds given to the student to make it easy for them to fix cost of education such as fee and tuition, room and board, supplies and books where the students are undertaking their education like in universities, colleges or private schools.The funds which is being given out to public educations by government in general is known as financial aid meaning that it is being given to particular students, Financial aid can also be referred to as scholarship, although scholarship has some other components like students loans and grants.Loans are finance that one lend and must be paid back with an intrest after a period of time.In the case of student loan the money will be taken back after graduating.Aid is the help one is given.

All the U.S. states governments and The United States government offer loans, grants and work…

Work cited

Berkeley (December 2009)"students debt "Schackner Pittsburgh Post Gazette

Fetterman Mindy (2006)"Young people struggle to deal witht kiss of debts "USA Today

Kantrowitz, Mark (2010-03-26). "Student Loans - The New York Times." Nytimes.com.  http://www.nytimes.com/info/student-loans/?inline=nyt-classifier . Retrieved 2011-02-07.

Schemo, Diana Jean (June 10, 2007) "Private loan deepen acrisis in student Debt "by new York times Tim Grant,(July 29,2009) "student loan puts college graduates into deep financial hole" Pittsburgh Post Gazette

5% of total liabilities. Their retained earnings, on the other hand, total $5.073 billion. The heavy use of retained earnings is partially explained by their view of themselves as a growth company. hile they pay a dividend, Nike prefers to re-invest much of its profits back into expansion. They do not feel that the market has matured sufficiently to stop their aggressive growth strategy. Another consideration in their capital structure is the cost of capital. On account of its low volatility, Nike has a low cost of debt, approximately 6.8% using CAPM. Their long-term debt is primarily a revolving credit facility. The rate, based on their a+ rating, is LIBOR + 0.15%, which would equate to 4.12% based on the October 15th price of the 1-year LIBOR. If anything, Nike could become more financially efficient by increasing their use of debt financing.

Nike places strong emphasis on human resources. They…

Works Cited

Cohen, Marshal (2007). USA: Athletic footwear is significant portion of overall footwear market. Fibre 2 Fashion. Retrieved October 21, 2008 at  http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/company-news/npd-group/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=32512 

Some financial information, ratios from Reuters. Retrieved October 21, 2008 at  http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=NKE.N 

Nike 2008 Annual Report. Retrieved October 21, 2008 at  http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/10/100529/Areports/ar_06/docs/10k.pdf 

Nike 2006 Annual Report. Retrieved October 21, 2008 at

Education

Gainesville, FL

Major: Sport Management Minor: Business

Financed 100% of tuition with merit-based scholarships

Experience

Bank of America

Miami, FL

Executive Development Program (Sales Manager)

Dec 2011- Present

Managed a $10 mortgage collections business by leading and coaching a team of 31 associates

Exceeded sales plan 9 out of 12 months as manager.

Increased same store sales by 4.2% within the Mortgage Collections business

Helped develop the community service initiative "Bag Hunger," generating $2,900 to feed low income families in the South Florida area

Zen Fitness?

Gainesville, FL

Personal Training Intern (30 hours per week)

Jan 2010- May 2010

Pioneered a successful corporate fitness program for over 60 employees designed to increase productivity and overall efficiency within the work environment.

Generated over $9,000 dollars of revenue through successful implementation of corporate fitness programs

Sears Holdings Co

Ocala, FL

Executive Management Intern

May 2009-Aug 2009

Learned successful operation and management…

Country Study: China

International trade and finance

Exports

Imports

China Economic Issues with Trade

Suggestions for improving trading practices

COUNTY STUDY: CHINA

COUNTY STUDY: CHINA

COUNTY STUDY: CHINA

China, officially the People's epublic of China (PC), is considered to be a sovereign state located in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population that has over 1.35 billion. The People epublic of China is a single-party state which is supervised by the Communist Party, with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing (Naughton, 2012). It handles a regions that is over some 22 provinces, five of them are autonomous districts, four are direct-regulated cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two typically self-governing special administrative districts (Macau and Hong Kong ). (Snyder, 2011)The PC People epublic of China likewise makes the claim that Taiwan -- which is mostly controlled by the epublic of…

References:

Lin, Cai and Li, The China Miracle. (2003, September 26). Retrieved from Chinese University Press:  http://books.google.com/books?id=_OEwbLZ2vYwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Lin,+Cai+and+Li,+The+China+Miracle,+Chinese+University+Press,+2003&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8CRCUqmkFaTx2QX01oGwDg&ved=0CDEQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false 

Penn World Tables. (2013, September 7). Long run time series of comparable main economic aggregates for many countries in the world. https://pwt.sas.upenn.edu/.

World bank World Development Indicators. (2013, September). Time series of economic and social indicators for every country in the world (annual frequency).  http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx .

Assem Reda, A.H. (2012). Exploring egypt-china bilateral trade: Dynamics and prospects. Journal of Economic Studies, 39(3), 314-326.

Financial Situations

The first calculation is the cost of debt. This is done on an after-tax basis. The before-tax cost of debt is 4% and the tax rate is 35%. So the after-tax cost of debt is 65% of the before-tax cost of debt, thus 2.6%. The cost of retained earnings is calculated by dividing the current stock price by the expected dividend. This gives a value of 3.85%, to which the 3% growth rate is added, giving a cost of retained earnings of 6.85%.

The cost of equity is calculated using the capital asset pricing model. The market risk premium (12-3.25) is multiplied by the beta to get 14%, and then the risk free rate of 3.25% is added to this to give a cost of equity of 17.25%.

The same calculation is done for this one, but different numbers are used. The market risk premium is (5-2) =…

The final decision will be made at the IOC general assembly in eptember in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Politics may also have played a part in pushing out the sport. Modern pentathlon, for instance is even less popular than wrestling, but it remains largely due to the fact that its sport was invented by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Games and that it is supported by Juan Antonio amaranch Jr., son of a former I.O.C. president and a member of its executive board.

The IOC is correct: Olympic style wrestling does not have the same luster as the other events possess. It lacks the celebrities and, in the U..A., is suppressed by the staged allure of professional wrestling. Other more contemporary sports such as rock climbing, rollerblading and wakeboarding have also climbed in to demote it.

On the other hand, wrestling also has its advocates. And many…

Sources

Longman, J (February 12, 2013) Olympic Fixture Since 708 B.C. Will Be Dropped. The New York Times

 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/13/sports/olympics-may-drop-wrestling-in-2020.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 

(Feb 26, 2013)

Wrestlers not happy to see Olympic sport eliminated  http://www.lancastereaglegazette.com/article/20130225/HSSPORTS/302250035/Wrestlers-not-happy-see-Olympic-sport-eliminated

client of an MO, or the in-house marketing research manager, generally has a budget available to finance a variety of studies and he or she will usually have to determine whether it is worth conducting a particular survey or study. This is frequently a subjective decision based on their previous experience of commissioning and conducting research (Swain and Jones, 2002). The choice made usually depends on the circumstances of the research project, its objectives and how much is already known about the management problem from either past research or experience. If there is little pre- understanding of the management problem faced, the researcher may wish to explore the problem further before attempting to research a possible solution.

Since every research project is unique, because of its objectives, each can be tackled in different ways, utilizing different techniques and combinations of techniques. Quantitative research methods (e.g., the ubiquitous survey questionnaire) are…

Resources

Assagioli, R. (2010) Psychosynthesis: A Manual of Principles and Techniques, London: Harper Collins Publishers.

Clough, P., Hockey, R. And Sewell, D. (1996) 'The use of a diary methodology to assess the impact of exercise on mental states', in G. Robson, B. Cripps and H. Steinberg (eds), Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods in Sport and Exercise Psychology, Leicester, England: British Psychological Society, pp. 22-27.

Caruso, I.A. (2009) Existential Psychology: From Analysis to Synthesis, London: Darton, Longman & Todd.

Fenz, W.D. And Epstein, S. (2004) 'Gradients of physiological arousal in parachutists as a function of an approaching jump', Psychosomatic Medicine, 29: 33-51.

American Higher Education

Higher Education is ading in Deep ater in 2014

Is there anything to celebrate about higher education in the 21st century? hat are the most troubling issues facing America's campuses that have emerged in particular over the past twenty years? These questions cry out for thoughtful, scholarly answers. On the one hand, there are crises related to university finances, student financial programs are bogged down by endless congressional haggling, federal financial backing for important research and development has withered away to a significant extent, and scholarships and grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have not been able to meet the demand of qualified scholars (Thelin, 2013). On the other hand, according to the Knight Foundation Commission, many university presidents (if not most) are admitting that they no longer have control of their NCAA-governed athletics programs, and moreover, deans in medical schools are being urged to…

Works Cited

Barrett, P.M. (2014). In Fake Classes Scandal, UNC Fails Its Athletes -- and Whistleblower.

Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved July 19, 2014, from  http://www.businessweek.com .

Barrett, P.M. (2014). The NCAA Will Investigate Fake-Classes Scandal at UNC. Bloomberg

Businessweek. Retrieved July 19, 2014, from

rite to the heads of BCS schools, and to their athletic directors. rite to Fox Sports, who controls $100 million a year television contract for BCS.

Voice your concerns so that all of us are heard. Let it be known that this particular system is no longer an acceptable, tolerable nor fair method in determining bowl matchups or a national champion in NCAA Division-I football.

orks Cited

No author. "Congress to Look Into 'Deeply Flawed' BCS System" ESPN (2005) http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2245440 (Accessed October 28, 2008)

Barnhart, Tony. "How the BCS orks Now" Atlanta Journal-Constitution. (2008) http://www.ajc.com/sports/content/sports/uga/stories/2008/04/25/bcsworks_0427.html (Accessed October 28, 2008)

Dodd, Dennis. "inners and Losers: BCS Adds a Fifth Bowl" CBS Sports (2004) http://www.sportsline.com/collegefootball/story/7131253 (Accessed October 28, 2008)

Callaghan, Thomas; Mucha, Peter J.; Porter, Mason a. "The Bowl Championship Series: A Mathematical Review" Notices of the AMS, Volume 51, No. 8. (2004) pp. 887-893

http://www.ams.org/notices/200408/fea-mucha.pdf (Accessed October 24, 2008)

Rich, Chas.…

Works Cited

No author. "Congress to Look Into 'Deeply Flawed' BCS System" ESPN (2005)  http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2245440  (Accessed October 28, 2008)

Barnhart, Tony. "How the BCS Works Now" Atlanta Journal-Constitution. (2008)  http://www.ajc.com/sports/content/sports/uga/stories/2008/04/25/bcsworks_0427.html  (Accessed October 28, 2008)

Dodd, Dennis. "Winners and Losers: BCS Adds a Fifth Bowl" CBS Sports (2004)  http://www.sportsline.com/collegefootball/story/7131253  (Accessed October 28, 2008)

Callaghan, Thomas; Mucha, Peter J.; Porter, Mason a. "The Bowl Championship Series: A Mathematical Review" Notices of the AMS, Volume 51, No. 8. (2004) pp. 887-893

Specifically reported by Coy is that the "recent launch of a black Disney princess may be an indicator of greater cultural diversity, but in terms of the 'girl power' values it carries the view that it is 'a great step . . . [and] could help black children see themselves more positively' (Adesioye, 2009) fails to address how it will reinforce messages of sexualization for black girls." (2009) to excel in the music industry, it is expected and even required that women become sexualized because this is a primary point of the success realized in the music industry as the music industry is highly sexualized overall. A study reported in the work of Stankiewitz and osselli (2008) states that the study examined the way that women were depicted in 1,988 advertisements "from popular U.S. magazines." The advertisements were coded in relation to whether women were presented as sex objects of…

References

American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. (2010). Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. Retrieved from:  http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdf 

Coy, M. (2009) Milkshakes, Lady Lumps, and Growing Up to Want Boobies: How the Finlay, a. (2013) Hyper-sexualizing Women Leads to Self-Objectification -- More Destructive and Prevalent than Society Admits

Liang, E. (2011) the Media's Sexualization of Female Athletes: A Bad Call for the modern Game. Vol. 3 No. 10. Retrieved from:  http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/587/the-medias-sexualization-of-female-athletes-a-bad-call-for-the-modern-game 

Naubert, R. (2011) Media's Growing Sexualization of Women. Psych Central. Retrieved from:  http://psychcentral.com/news/2011/08/11/medias-growing-sexualization-of-women/28539.html

Finance Concepts

As a small business owner determine the financial ratios that are important to the business, and compare them with those that are important to a manager of a larger corporation.

For a small business, the most important financial ratios are those in the profitability and efficiency classes. These include profit margin, return on assets, asset turnover, and fixed asset turnover. For the most part, small businesses are able to be more efficient and have higher profitability ratios than larger companies (Upneja, Kim, & Singh, 2000, p.28). Small businesses would be especially concerned with profit margin and return on assets, while a larger corporation would focus more on earnings per share and return on equity, which are concerned with shareholder equity, something that does not concern many small businesses.

Small business owners would also be interested in the liquidity ratios that measure the cash available to pay off debt,…

References

Brigham, E.F., & Ehrhardt, M.C. (2011). Financial management: Theory and practice.

Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Debt vs. equity financing: Which is the best way for your business to access capital? (2013).

NFIB. Retrieved January 21, 2012 from:

On the other hand, we might be able to "incubate" a cable network by playing a Thursday night series of cable games, and such a network could be a long-run success that would strengthen our product as well." (Tagliabue, 2004)

Tagliabue states that prior to proceeding with a new package it is necessary to ensure that this new package is based on "sound television premises and that it is structured to complement our other television packages rather than to cannibalize our Sunday and Monday night audiences and move us down the road to commoditization. As previously mentioned, commoditization is ultimately very negative in a 400-channel universe, and the challenge we face is how to balance the need for revenue and viewers to ensure the long-run success of our sport. In theory, greater revenues are available from cable television, which is both advertiser and subscriber supported, than from broadcast television, which…

REFERENCES

Badenhausen, Kurt, Ozanian, Michael K. And Rondey, Maya (2006) The Business of Football. Forbes. 31 Aug 2006. Online available at:  http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/30/06nfl_NFL-Team-Valuations_land.html 

Barros, Carlos Pestana and Barrio, Pedro Garcia-del (nd) Efficiency Measurement of the English Football Premier League with a Random Frontier Model. Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia.

Brenner, Adam (2004) Welcome to the Club. The Business of Football. Forbes 2 Sept 2004. Online available at:  http://www.forbes.com/2004/09/02/cz_ab_0902nflclubseats.html 

English Football and its Governance (2009) All Party Parliamentary Football Group. April 2009. Online available at:  http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/01/05/04/18/apfgreportonenglishfootballanditsgovernanceapril2009.pdf

5% and 2.35% over that period but opposite the trend of fluctuation in overall spending

The result is approximately $23.5 billion spend each year in the U.S. attending sporting events like the 82 games per year at the Boston Garden

Average U.S. households spent more attending sports events while incomes fell after 2007, and less as incomes increased since then

Households in the Northeast region including Boston spend higher on "apparel and services" and more or the same compared to all other regions and the national average for complementary local amenities "fees and admissions" (the Garden) and "food away from home" and "alcoholic beverages" (neighboring sports bar)

Bostonians spend higher than the region on entertainment and less on apparel and alcohol than the regional average, for the most recent years available, 2007-2008

Bruins season tickets are already sold out, which suggests weak 2010 economic fundamentals may take second place to…

References

Boston Redevelopment Authority. The Boston Economy in 2010. Boston: Boston

Redevelopment Authority Research Division, 2011. 8 Oct. 2011 <  http://www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/Research/Research.asp >

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. "Sales and Use Tax." Department of Revenue, Mass.gov.

2011. 8 Oct. 2011 <  http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=dorterminal&L=5&L0=Home&L1=Businesses&L2=Current+Tax+Year+Information&L3=Guide+to+Employer+Tax+Obligations&L4=Specific+Trustee+and+Excise+Taxes+Requiring+Registration&sid=Ador&b=terminalcontent&f=dor_business_taxguide_salesuse&csid=Ador >

management, in particular the management of mega events. It also delves deeply into the positives and negatives of the London Olympic Games and the 2006 orld Cup events in Germany. Those who manage mega events have an enormous task and an almost impossible responsibility to the public, to those participating in the events, and to the countries where mega events take place. Those issues and more are covered in this paper.

Theoretically review the key aspects of event management

Form and Function

Theoretically an event is a kind of convergence, according to Professor Donald Getz (School of Tourism, The University of Queensland); it is a blending of forms and functions, and those in turn converge into a worthwhile experience for the tourist / participant. Getz uses two huge events to illustrate how form and function come together to produce a grand experience for the attendee. He points to the 2012…

Works Cited

Baumard, P. (1999). Tacit Knowledge in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

BBC News. (2005). Four suicide bombers struck in central London on Thursday, July 7,

killing 52 people and injuring more than 770. Retrieved September 30, 2013, from  http://news.bbc.co.uk .

BBC News (2012). London 2012: How the world saw the Olympic Games. Retrieved September

Game theory is a critical form of decision making that is used in various subjects like economy and political science. Its relevance is becoming prominent in the success rates that have come out in gambling and sports betting. The theory is basically an amalgamation of different models of cooperation and conflict between various decision makers (Myerson, 1991) Thus, it can be safely stated that the theory itself is not just one piece of information solidly put out there yet it's a combination of different authors and experts. As mentioned earlier, the game theory has been linked to economic models, science, gambling like poker or sports betting and social situations as well. In the game theory the simplest way of putting it is analyzing the number of players and the moves that they are likely to take. Using this information, a person can guess and figure out the number of choices…

References

Anon. (1994) Gambling. In The Columbia Encyclopedia. (6th ed) n.a: Columbia University Press

Anon. (2004) Gambling. In The Columbia Encyclopedia. (6th ed) n.a: Columbia University Press

Anon. (2012) Gambling.In The Columbia Encyclopedia. (6th ed) n.a: Columbia University Press

Aumann, R. And S. Hart (eds) (1992) Handbook of Game Theory. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

CADWAE: Case Study

Did CADWAE have genuine BFOQs (Bona Fide Occupational Job Qualifications) in its ad?

Do not forget to review the company's slogan as given in the above facts.

Be sure to discuss Petunia's point-of-view as well as CADWAE's position and defenses.

Use legal authority to support your position as well.

In general, it is illegal to discriminate against a job applicant based upon characteristics pertaining to "race, religion, gender, national origin, age or other protected status" ("BFOQ," 2015). However, in certain limited circumstances, if an employer can demonstrate that "no member of the group" he or she is discriminating against could perform the job, he or she may do so, under an exception known as Bona Fide Occupational Job Qualifications ("BFOQ," 2015). For example, airlines may have mandatory retirement ages for pilots because of safety concerns; religious institutions may favor candidates of a particular religion; and modeling and…

References

Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc. (2002). Retrieved from:

 https://www.oyez.org/cases/2002/01-1015 

Mote, S. (2014). Trademark considerations in choosing a business name. KC Sourcelink.

Retrieved from:  http://www.kcsourcelink.com/blog/blog/2014/03/31/trademark-considerations-in-choosing-a-business-name

The effectiveness of promotional strategies is highly dependent on their ability to resonate and be relevant to the target audiences over time (Reference). This is the basis of the research being undertaken; to determine which promotional tools and strategies are the most effective in attracting, training and retaining the most talented and motivated volunteers for the London 2012 Olympic Games.

The following are the aims and objectives of this analysis. The primary objective of this study is to determine which promotional tools are the most effective in recruiting and retaining volunteers. In support of this objective, the following goals are defined:

a. To understand and segment the volunteer population in westernized nations including the UK, and determine the characteristics of these markets as they relate to volunteering for events.

b. To determine the psychographic attributes of each group as they relate to propensity to participate, contribute and assist in keeping…

Bibliography / references

Gary Adamson, Joe Pine, Tom Van Steenhoven, and Jodi Kroupa. 2006. How storytelling can drive strategic change. Strategy & Leadership 34, no. 1, (January 1): 36-41.

Armstrong, G., & Kotler, P., 2005. Marketing: An Introduction (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Bardhi, F., Rohm, A., & Sultan, F.. (2010). Tuning in and tuning out: media multitasking among young consumers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 9(4), 316.

Belch, G.A., & Belch, M.A.., 2004. Advertising and Promotion; An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective (6th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill/Irwin.

The impact of the UEFA implementation of the Fair Play Financial egulations could have a ripple effect that hurts soccer teams around the globe.

The Zimbalist article entitled, "Sport as Business" (2003) also brings up a good point about the socialization of sports leagues. Before the UEFA regulations take effect, the league operates in a relatively capitalist manner. Certainly many of the monetary imbalances that exist are not readily apparent when officials audit the books of the different teams, but as a business model, the new UEFA regulations may very well hurt the revenues of the entire league, not just certain teams specifically (Zimbalist, 2003). This would occur as club owners looking to turn a profit would be severely limited by financial restrictions put in place that force owners to stay debt-free. Owners will have less opportunity to attract talented players, especially owners of teams whose revenue is rather small.…

References

Conte, Niccolo. 2010. "UEFA's Financial Fair-play and why we should care." Soccer Lens

Homepage. Found Online August 15, 2010 at <  http://soccerlens.com/uefas-financial-fair-play-and-why-we-should-care/52314/ >.

Ducrey, Pierre; Ferriera, Carlos Edward; Huerta, Gabriel; and Kevin Tallec Marston. 2003.

"UEFA and Football Governance: A New Model." Centre International D'Etude Du Sport.

Because of the rapid depreciation rate it is virtually impossible for a middle-class individual to afford a race horse. Because the recent decades have not brought forward a certain winner, people have started to feel that the sport will never regain its glory. The individuals who were mainly interested in the gambling feature have come across more moderns methods of gambling and have lost interest in what seems to be a dying sport (Hereth & Talbott, 1993).

Horse racing truly is a glorious sport, but because of the lack of support it got in the last few decades it is unlikely to ever recover from the sphere of anonymity it entered. hile animal care was not a matter of extreme importance in the first half of the twentieth century, it does not seem illogical that race horses from the period broke record after record, as most were probably forced to…

Works cited:

1. Cohen, K. "Well Calculated for the Farmer: Thoroughbreds in the Early National Chesapeake, 1790-1850," The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 115.3 (2007)

2. Gramm, M.C. Mckinney, N. Owens, DH R. Matt E. "What Do Bettors Want? Determinants of Pari-Mutuel Betting Preference," The American Journal of Economics and Sociology 66.3 (2007)

3. Hereth, R.H. Talbott, J.C. "Economic and Tax Implications of Thoroughbred Racing," Journal of Accountancy 176.5 (1993)

4. Robert, R. "Evan Shipman: Friend and Foil," The Hemingway Review 23.1 (2003)

Sports Illustrated proposed a thorough, if summary, compromise with regard to many of the issues that players and owners could not agree on: the elimination of arbitration in exchange for unrestricted free agency for 3-year veterans, establishing a middle ground between the owners' demand of free agency only after four years and the player's dislike of arbitration; also in the SI proposal were stipulations such as giving a luxury tax a three-year trial period for all parties to decide if it was in their best interest to keep.

Even solutions such as those proposed by the everyday baseball fan, such as "split profits 50/50" or other simplistic ideas could have been considered as options; instead, owners and players held fast to their positions and did not introduce new ideas to the negotiating arena, effectively ensuring that no progress would be made unless one side was a clear loser and one…

Works Cited

Drooz Drooz, Alan, "Baseball economy 101: Both sides look like the skunk at the party," San Diego Union-Tribune, August 28, 2002. Online at  http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/drooz/20020828drooz.html 

Fisher, Roger and Ury, William, Getting to Yes. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.

Grabiner, David, "Frequently Asked Questions about the 1994 Baseball Strike," 3/314/02, accessed online at  http://remarque.org/~grabiner/strikefaq.txt 

Kurkjian, Tim, and Verducci, Tom, "Time is Running Out." Sports Illustrated, 3/20/95, Vol. 82 Issue

Phoenix Coyotes

I'm here today to discuss a topic many of you may be passionate about, and the rest of you probably have no interest in. hat's the bad news. he good news is; I'm going to try to help you get a little excited about hockey, even if you don't know the difference between a stick and a puck. In May 2009, the Phoenix Coyotes of the National Hockey League, claimed bankruptcy. As a result, two competitive offers to finance the team emerged. One was from a Canadian businessman, the other from the NHL itself. his month, a judge ruled against both parties, leaving the hockey team in limbo, and outrage in the hockey fan community. (Yes, there is such a thing, and not just in Canada.) Here's what happened.

he sources of the conflict were the inability of the Coyotes to maintain operating costs and continue playing with…

There were numerous parties involved, of course, from the NHL league itself, to the fans, creditors, and the courts. Officially, it was the National Hockey League vs. Jim Balsillie, who wanted to move the team to Hamilton, Ontario Canada. However, there were several other parties involved in the conflict that often don't come into mind. First were the fans. Yes, there are hockey fans just as passionate and devoted as any fanatic football or basketball fans, and with the judge's decision, they were robbed of their favorite sport. Another contingent that doesn't get much press are all the people that work either full-time or part-time for the hockey teams across the country. These people, the ones you don't think about when you attend any athletic event, are the backbone of the fan experience. Ticket takers, announcers, fan store clears, food vendors, and the maintenance crews, all depend on the sports season for their income or extra income. With no games comes no pay, and these low-paid, part-time people may have been the biggest victims of the judge's ruling, and received the least recognition. Also, the team owner and team coach were not considered creditors for some reason, and did not receive their pay, another interesting twist to the story.

But, I digress. The issues at hand here were all to do with money and budgeting. The main issue at play in the conflict was the bankruptcy of the team, the payments to creditors, and where the team would end up. The league wanted to take over the team, and probably leave it in Phoenix. The judge ruled that the league's offer did not go far enough, but left the door open for them to make another offer. On the other hand, he closed the door on the businessman, saying that the court would not hear another offer from him. So, the team my still stand a chance of surviving, if the NHL ups the ante and comes back with a stronger offer the judge approves.

What tactics did these parties use in their negotiations? Well, they weren't exactly nasty, but they were firm. At first, both parties said they had absolutely no intention of backing down. The NHL said they had actually been in control of the team since November 2008, and that the team owner did not have the right to declare bankruptcy. The judge's ruling seems to back up the NHL in their claims, and makes it clear that moving the franchise to Canada, no matter how big the offer, is simply not acceptable. The two sides allowed the court to make the decision, and it clearly did not end the way any of the parties anticipated it would. Currently, the Coyote players are in training camp for the upcoming season, while the fate of the franchise is still up in the air. So, are you enthralled yet? Are you on the edge of your seat? Good, my job is done. Now, here's how the situation resolved itself..

Trainer Case

Personal Trainer, Inc. is a full-service athletic facility and membership club, and with its new supercenter will finally offer all of its services -- athletic equipment, a swimming pool, childcare and child fitness program, a snack bar, and various lessons -- all under one roof. There are numerous processes carried out by the business to achieve these ends in an efficient and productive manner, including membership enrollment and maintenance, ongoing program development, and facilities management. The addition of 24/7 online access can provide members with more opportunities to track progress and engage with Personal Trainer, Inc.'s program offerings an advice.

Gray is clearly not in full support of adopting a new information management system; though he is not entirely opposed to such a development, he does not seem to find any necessity or even any advantage in making this move. Susan responds vey effectively, however, making it clear…

Personal Statement -- Oct.

My life story thus far has not been the kind of existence most people my age have had to experience. From a very young age, I had to be the man of the family, supportive to those around me and a rock that others could rest their emotions on. When I was little, everyone who knew my father would remark how much I reminded them of him, particularly because of the blue eyes that I inherited from him. When I was eight years old, my father passed away and often it would hurt the people around me to look into my eyes. They would too often see him reflected on my face. So not only was I put into a difficult position by having lost my father, in a way I had to make up for his absence.

This taught me to be strong and to…

internally cited

Once they begin this journey, many young adults have their first encounters with true stress and the damage it can do to the unwary college student. Lack of sleep, social expectations, and important examinations all increase this level of stress, but luckily, there are practical ways that students can relax, making their college experience more pleasant and rewarding. Students can practice doctor-recommended mental and physical exercises to relieve their stress.

Mental exercise is the first step to achieving relaxation from stress. ith hours of homework, studying, and classes, students may find it difficult to disengage their brain and relax. According to a recent study, taking a mental break from homework or studying several times per hour could decrease your level of stress and actually allow you to perform better ("5 Exercises"). There are several ways you can take a mental break, but one exercise is to "Count slowly…

Works Cited

"5 Exercises to Free up Your Mind: Easy Relaxation Techniques Can Help Reduce Stress,

Tension, and Anxiety So You Can Focus and Remember." Mind, Mood & Memory 7.10

(2011): 4. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 31 Oct. 2011.

.

Sarbanes -- Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX)

In the year 2002, the U.S. Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (www.sarbanesoxley.com), which, together with later regulations adopted in the two successive years following its enactment, impacted auditors', company manager' and directors' responsibilities with regard to their companies' financial reporting. Furthermore, the PCAOB (Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board) was established as part of this Act; the board is in charge of overseeing publicly-traded companies' audit of financial statements, and establishing American auditing standards. The Act's key purpose was increasing the confidence of shareholders in companies' financial reports. For achieving this goal, the Board was set up, for supervising issues of corporate governance and external auditing, which can impact financial report reliability. Moreover, the Act increased company managers' responsibility to produce dependable financial reports, while also specifying constraints for external auditors' activities, for enhancing auditors' independence from client companies (Shakespeare, 2008).

Benefits for Businesses…

References

Kimmel, P.D., Weygandt, J.J. & Kieso, D.E. (2011). Financial Accounting, 6th Edition. Wiley.

Quigley, J.T. (July 22, 2004). Sarbanes-Oxley Implementation in Restoring Public Confidence, Washington, D.C, House Committee on Financial Services, Deloitte, 2004.

Shakespeare, C. (2008). "Sarbanes -- Oxley Act of 2002 Five Years On: What Have We Learned?." Journal of Business & Technology Law: 333.

Wagner, S. & Dittmar, L. (April 2006). The Unexpected benefits of Sarbanes-Oxley. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from  https://hbr.org/2006/04/the-unexpected-benefits-of-sarbanes-oxley  on 25 January 2016

healthcare services, many people could encounter some form of discrimination on the basis of their race, gender, or even sexual orientation. Discrimination in healthcare may seem like it is not something that is a major issue. However, it absolutely does come up in many situations, states and environments. hether based on gender, religion, race or sexuality, discrimination happens at overt or implied levels all of the time. In other situations, there are huge disparities in healthcare outcomes from one group to another and many experts say that this can only come from systemic or sporadic instance of racism from the healthcare sphere, from society in general or a combination of the two. hile most people get very good care, there are situations where the healthcare and/or government sectors fall short. It is important to note that although people are not always aware of this; there are various laws that seek…

Works Cited

Cornell Law School. (n.d.). 11 U.S. Code Section 507 - Priorities. Retrieved from www.law.cornell.edu:  https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/507 

Cornell Law School. (n.d.). 18 U.S. Code Section 152 - Concealment of assets; false oaths and claims; bribery. Retrieved from www.law.cornell.edu:  https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/152 

lawschoolcasebriefs.net. (2002). Access Now, Inc. v. Southwest Airlines Co. Retrieved from www.lawschoolcasebriefs.net:  http://www.lawschoolcasebriefs.net/2013/12/access-now-inc-v-southwest-airlines-co.html 

State of California. (n.d.). California Corporations Code. Retrieved from www.leginfo.ca.gov: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.html/corp_table_of_contents.html

FCPA

The following till take a look at Foreign Corrupt Practice Act or in other words the FCPA.

Discovering the corporate payments difficulty in the middle of the 70s from a blend of work by the Watergate Special Prosecutor office, this includes related additional work and inquiry by SEC-Security and Exchange Commission and the Multinational Corporations Subcommittee by Senator Frank Church. In 1975, within four months, separate hearings were held by the Church Committee on Gulf Oil, Mobil Oil, Northrop, and Lockheed (Koehler). Every one of these corporations became the main subjects of allegations, concerning uncertain payments made either directly or indirectly to officials of foreign government or foreign political parties bearing a business purpose in mind. For example, the Gulf Oil primarily involved the contributions made to political campaigns of the epublic of Korea President. Northrop was mainly involved in making payments to a general in Saudi Arabia. Principally,…

References

Burns, D., Sullivan, & Gibson. (2009). Navigating the FCPA's Complex Scienter Requirements. Retrieved March 18, 2016, from  http://www.gibsondunn.com/publications/Documents/Burns-Sullivan-NavigatingTheFCPAComplexScienterReq.pdf 

Harris, A. (2011). Scholarship @ Claremont -- Claremont Colleges Research. The Impact of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on American Business from 1977-2010. Retrieved March 18, 2016, from  http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ 

International Whistleblower Reward Law Information Center. (n.d.). History of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Retrieved March 17, 2016, from  http://www.internationalwhistleblower.com/history.html 

KOEHLER, M. The Story of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73(5). Retrieved, from  http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2013/02/73.5.Koehler

PATIOT Act

The United States of America's PATIOT Act (formally the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools equired to Interpret and Obstruct Terrorism Act) was a hurriedly created legislation against terrorism reacting to the terror attack on September 11, 2001. Little debate and oversight was given to the large, complex law by the Congress and President George W. Bush signed it into law on October 26, 2001. PATIOT offers sweeping surveillance, and search to both domestic officers and foreign intelligence agencies and removes many checks and balances that initially gave the courts the chance to make sure that the powers were never abused. The developing PATIOT and follow-up legislation (Gouvin, 2003) threaten the basic rights of most Americans.

The Origin

The United States of America PATIOT Act, also known as USAPA brought in several legislative amendments that had a significant increase on the investigative and surveillance powers of…

References

Condon, S. (June 2, 2015). NSA surveillance reform bill now law. CBS News. Retrieved from  http://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-passes-nsa-reform-bill-the-usa-freedom-act  / on 22 March 2016

Gouvin, Eric J. (2003). Bringing Out the Big Guns: The U.S.A. PATRIOT Act, Money Laundering and the War on Terrorism. Baylor Law Review 55: 955.

Liu, Edward C. (2011). Amendments to FISA Extended to 2015. Congressional Research Service.

Michaels, C. William. (2005). No Greater Threat: America Since September 11 and the Rise of the National Security State. Algora Publishing.

S.

Conclusion:

Like alcohol and tobacco, marijuana has been consumed in human societies for thousands of years, and likely since before recorded history. Also like alcohol and tobacco products, marijuana is associated with certain dangers that warrant appropriate government paternalism in the form of legislation prohibiting its use by minors, regulating its manufacture and sale to ensure its relative safety and quality, and preventing the use of any substances capable of altering human perception in connection with the operation of motor vehicles. However, there is no logical basis whatsoever for distinguishing between alcohol and marijuana in terms of criminal legislation, and both substances are considerably less harmful to human health in the manner of their typical consumption than tobacco products.

Instead of subjecting marijuana users to criminal prosecution, government authorities should simply apply the same approach to marijuana as has been traditionally applied to alcohol and tobacco. The Prohibition era…

Bibliography

Brecher, E.M. (1972). Licit and Illicit Drugs: The Consumers Union Report. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.

Dershowitz, a. (2002). Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. New York: Bantam Books.

Drug Policy Alliance. (2008). Medicinal Marijuana. Retrieved February 17, 2009 from the Drug Policy Alliance website, at  http://www.drugpolicy.org/marijuana/medical/ 

Friedman, a. (2005). A History of American Law. New York: Touchstone.

In the cinema, women were often sexual, powerful vamps and flappers, portrayed by actresses like Louise Brooks and Clara Bow. Flappers cut off their long hair and shed their long skirts for a more athletic and empowered appearance. However, although the flapper was culturally significant in terms of her image and power, her time in the limelight was relatively brief. Born of the prosperity of the Roaring 20s, during the Great Depression, women faced more sober circumstances. Still, many women continued to work, often because they were now the primary breadwinners for impoverished households. But working away from the home and female independence was less idealized. Films such as The Gold Diggers of 1933 showed women looking to marriage as a way of relieving their economic despair.

Katherine Hepburn: The Next New oman

hile some of the stars to emerge during the 1930s were decorous and feminine, others, such as…

Works Cited

Adam's Rib. Directed by George Cukor. 1949.

Ali, Atka. "Lesson 10: Separate Spheres. " Women's history." July 12, 2010.

http://students.depaul.edu/~aali/lesson10.html

The Gold Diggers of 1933. Directed by Mervyn LeRoy. 1933

Nigeria Orphanage

Non-Governmental Organization Placement: Examination of the Experience of Students In NGO Placement

The objective of this work is to examine the experience of students on the NGO placement in Nigeria. The NGO at focus is that of St. Joseph Orphanage and Women Development Center. The writer of this work was provided with an excellent opportunity to exam the organization chart and policy of the non-governmental and non-profit organization. In addition, the writer of this work was provided with insight on how the organization raises money to finance and sustain its diverse projects in Nigeria. During the course of job placement of this researcher with this NGO organization, and specifically St. Joseph Women Development and orphanage center it was amazing to realize that Media and Communication organizations play a significant role in the promotion and creation of community awareness and awareness on the national level. Consideration of the barriers…

References

Anderson, P., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R., & Hubbard, A. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 457-469.

Artz, L. (2001). Critical ethnography for communication studies: Dialogue and social justice. The Southern Communication Journal, 66(3), 239-250.

Astin, A. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory of higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297-308.

Backhouse, Judy Pamela (2009) Doctoral Education in South Africa: Models, Pedagogies and Stucent Experiences. February 2009.

The report also shows that some changes must be made in order to make student financial assistance more affordable, by reducing loan interest rates for example.

Denis Herard also stated for the Edmonton Journal reporters: "We're on track to implementing the new tuition fee policy that will be in place and working for the students in the fall of 2007."

However, the new policy must be approved by the cabinet and other levels of government. Last year, premier alph Klein unveiled a tuition freeze as a "centennial gift" and promised to come up with the most "affordable" tuition policy in Canada.

These recommendations simply reinforce the status quo," said David Cournoyer, chairman of the Council of Alberta University Students and a vice-president of the University of Alberta Students' Union, about the proposals and recommendations in the steering committee's report.

Both the Advanced Education Minister, Denis Herard, and the Premier, alph…

Resources:

1. "Historical and social content.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuition .

2."Education in Quebec.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Qu%C3%A9bec .

3."University tuition fees." The Daily. Statistics Canada. (September 2006).

4. Thorne, Duncan. "Minister promises to link tuition fees with cost of living."

Value of the Future Stream of Cash Flows Equals Value of the Discounted Amounts of These Cash Flows

If the bank is paying 4% annual interest rate on the banking account, the present value of the future $1,250 in one years is worth today

PV = FV/(1 + r)

And thus future value of $1,250 with the discount rate of 4% is approximately $1,202.

Account A is earning 6% interest yearly and will be worth $3,000 in one year, employing the mentioned above formula, the present worth of this account is $2,830. Account B. is earning the same 6% yearly interest rate and will be worth $4,000 in two years. Present value of this future payment can be calculated employing the following formula:

PV = FV/(1 + r)^

Future value is discounted by the 6% interest rate foregone by two years and that is why it is necessary to use…

Reference:

Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 3rd Ediction, Brealey and Meyers.

Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 3rd Ediction, Brealey and Meyers.

There were certain moments in my life which did not allow me to pursue my study programs as desired; yet it was precisely this set of obstacles which consisted a challenge for me and determined me ever more strongly to pursue my goal. Therefore, I am due to graduate in May 2008 with a presentation entitled "Have Central Banks and Private Agents Become Wiser?" conducted under the supervision of Dr. Dennis Novy who has also offered me considerable support in trying to address issues such as inflation, the role of central banks, and their relation with private agents. His precious advice has led me to follow lines of thought different from the ones already addressed by the literature and has opened new research directions I intend to analyze in my future studies.

Aside from the traditional academic environment created by the universities I attended, another important input represented the experience…

So doing the right thing and being an ethical company would be the best choice for Sports Products, Inc. To make. Making the right choice will in the end will help the company to be more successful.

D. Does the firm appear to have an effective corporate governance structure?

No, it does not appear that Sports Products, Inc. has an effective governance structure. If the stakeholders are the owners of the corporation and have the power to elect a board of directors to run the company, then the company should be running in the shareholders' best interests. During the 20 years that this company has never paid out a dividend to its shareholders. This raises a large red flag that points to the mismanagement that is going on.

The profits of the company are increasing while the stock prices continue to fall. This leads one to question whether the stakeholders…

Identify and describe a&F's greatest organizational strengths.

The biggest strength of the company is its ability to control debt. This is important because during times of economic prosperity, many companies will often finance their growth through debt. Instead, a & F. has been focused on delivering consistent results, and the using the additional profits that they have made to improve the overall financial strength of the company. As a result, the operations and departments of a & F. function more effectively because the management has focused on prudent growth strategies. A good example of this can be seen by looking no further than current cash to debt levels. Where, the company has $712 million in cash and $111 million in debt. ("Abercrombie & Fitch," 2010)

Identify and describe the company's greatest weaknesses.

The biggest weakness that the company is facing is a slowdown in consumer spending. This can take place…

Bibliography

Abercrombie & Fitch. (2010). Retrieved April 27, 2010 from Yahoo Finance website:

 http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=ANF+Profile 

Abercrombie & Fitch. (2010). Retrieved April 27, 2010 from Yahoo Finance website:

 http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=ANF&t=5y&l=on&z=m&q=l&c=

If the bond issues do not pass, it is still possible to request for private donations to build the stadium. With the help of local and national businesses, raising the additional $375 million would not be impossible, although it may take longer than those who believe the stadium is required for the Olympic bid may support. However, even if the Olympic committee decides that New York is not the place for the 2012 Olympic games, the private funding could still be used for the stadium, and could still result in an increase in jobs and tax revenue for the state.

Whether or not the stadium is ever built, there can be no doubt that the fight over the issue will continue. While those against the project see it as a waste of taxpayer money, those for the project see it as a minimum public investment to gain a maximum private-sector…

Bibliography

Berkowitz, Harry. "Jet Stadium Feud Plays Out in Public." Newsday, 17 December 2004, sec. IV, p. D3.

Horowitz, Craig. "Stadium of Dreams." New York Magazine, 21 June 2004, cover story, p. 28.

Jones, Charisse. "Sides Square Off Over New York Stadium." USA Today, 5 December 2004, sec. III, p. C4.

Ouroussoff, Nicolai. "Sobering Plans for Jets Stadium." New York Times, 1 November 2004, sec. F, p. F3.

Industrialization in America

The process of industrialization can be categorized as the first step towards a social and economic transformation which affected the whole world in ways beyond comprehension. In a nutshell, the world we live in today was nowhere near what it is today before industrialization changed the face of the world. America too greatly adapted to this change and saw itself changing and advancing in the face of the new inventions and advancements. However, with the benefits of the phenomenon came some drawbacks which could not be ignored. The next sections focus on two ways in which industrialization proved to be a blessing for the Americans as well as two ways that it created problems (Alonso, 1994).

Positives:

One industry that saw phenomenal changes after industrialization came about was the American agricultural industry. The farming techniques became greatly advanced and mechanization made things much easier and reduced the…

Bibliography

Alonso, I.T. (1994). Trade, Industrialization and Integration in the 20th-Century Central America. Praeger Publications.

Amsden, A.H. (2000). The Rise of the Rest: Challenges to the West from Late-Industrialization Economies. Oxford University Press.

Walker, R. (2004). The roots of American Industrialization. The Geographical Review .

Terrorist Attacks on New York City

Consumer ehavior and Risk

Terrorism and Consumerism in the Melting Pot

How has September 11 Impacted Americans

Economic Impact of terrorism

Outlook for the New York Economy

Examination of the Effects on usiness

Regaining Consumer Confidence

Sampling Procedures

Survey Construction

Survey results

Recommendations for Further Studies

Survey of Consumer Patterns After The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Towers

Survey Results presented Graphically

Store Owner Interviews

The Impact of the Terrorist Attacks on New York City: One Year Later Chapter 1

The attacks on the World Trade Towers on September 11, 2001 threatened the American People's sense of security in a way that had not been felt since the attack on Pearl Harbor. To say that the attacks changed the lives of many people would be an understatement. The attacks literally brought the country to a halt for nearly three days. It can…

Bibliography

American Bankers Association. 2001. "Post Sept. 11 Survey Shows Nation's Bankers Are Optimistic." ABA Press Release, December 3, 2001.

Atkinson, J.W. 1957. Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior. Psychological Review,

Barone, Ronald; M. Rigby, Peter;Schwartz, Bruce; Simonson; Arthur F; Chew; William H;

Eiseman, Barbara A, and Shipman, Todd A. 2002. Consequences of Sept. 11 Attacks Put

While the superintendent may feel or even firmly believe that they have covered all of the bases on expenditures and other relevant issues in school budgeting, the failure to connect to other stakeholders throughout the district, who may or may not add to the data that the superintendent has prepared for presentation, is likely to result in some among those stakeholders feeling slighted or ignored and often lead to complicated budgeting which could have been avoided through simply opening the communication channels during this critical process of school administration.

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

This work in writing has related the various aspects of the school budgeting process which are the responsibility of the school superintendent as well as relating the various concerns of school budgeting and the importance of staying connected to the stakeholders in the community of the school district throughout the entire process of school budgeting. This work has…

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Davis, Stephen, Darling-Hammond, Linda, LaPointe, Michelle, and Meyerson, Debra (2005) School Leadership Study: Developing Successful Principals. Stanford Educational Leadership Institute. (SELI). 2005. Online available at:  http://www.srnleads.org/data/pdfs/sls/sls_rr.pdf 

Joynt, T. (2002, December). School budgeting: Cost cutting through onion layers. The School Administrator. Accessed May 16, 2005 at www.aasa.org/publications/sa/2002/focJoynt.htm

Howley, C. (2003, October). Sustaining small rural high schools. The School Administrator, 9(60), 16-1.

Almack, John Conrad (1970) Modern School Administration, Its Problems and Progress. Ayer Publishing, 1970.

hen GM gave up control to Cerberus, they got in a pickle...It [Cerberus through GMAC] has taken away flexibility from dealers" (elch 2008). "GMAC also said it will suspend bonuses to dealers who earned the lender's Platinum designation for bringing the firm strong buyer volume" (elch 2008). This essentially discourages dealers who engage in hard-sell tactics, and encourages consumers to take on 'more car' than they can afford. But the belt-tightening comes at a time when GM desperately needs to raise its sales: "GM is burning through at least $1 billion a month. It had access to about $21 billion cash and $5 billion in available credit at the end of June but an analyst Friday said the automaker will probably need $10.3 billion in fresh cash through next year to maintain a minimum liquidity of $14 billion (Snell & Tierney 2008)

Cerberus is likely to play an increasingly critical…

Works Cited

Snell, Robert and Christine Tierney (2008, Oct 11). Cerberus eyes full ownership of GMAC; analysts skeptical. The Detroit News. Retrieved 5 Nov 2008 at  http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081011/AUTO01/810110426/1148/rss25 

Vlasic, Bill. (2008, Oct 14). Cerberus's role crucial as GM-Chrysler merger talks continue

International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 5 Nov 2008 at  http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/10/14/business/14auto.php 

Welch, David. (2008, Oct). GMAC tightens the auto-finance screws. Business Week. Retrieved 5 Nov 2008 at  http://www.businessweek.com /bwdaily/dnflash/content/oct2008/db20081013_422132.htm' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>

benefit-Costs of pursuing an MA

Even though each of us has his/her own perspective of happiness and sense of life, we all agree that the integral part of these are the financial stability complemented by personal professional success. That is why we all strive very hard to achieve ambitious financial and professional goals and choose our own paths to them. ut through historical and empirical evidence it has become clear that on average, the better education one has, the better are one's chances of fulfilling the boldest dreams.

We, Americans, spend millions of dollars on our education, which we consider as investment in our human capital. According to the public opinion research conducted by the Educational Testing Service: "Nearly all (96%) adults believe that a college education is a good investment, including 72% who say it is a very good investment."

I have achelor of Sciences degree from Hampton University…

Bibliography:

Brealey, Richard, and Stewart Myers. Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

Hart, Peter D. Teeter, Robert M. Quality, affordability & access: Americans speak on higher education. Educational Testing Service. 2003. available on web: http://ftp.ets.org/pub/corp/2003report.pdf.

Edgington, Rachel Global MBA Executive Survey 2004. Graduate Management Admission Council. 2004.  http://www.gmat.org/NR/rdonlyres/0E026671-945D-43F8-B1E5-B5E731B7CC65/0/ExecutiveSummaryFinal.pdf

Small Business Dilemma

Should Jim borrow dollars or pounds to finance his joint venture business? Why?

Based on an analysis of the external factors affecting this scenario, including present and forecasted interest rates for the Unites States dollar and the British pound, it is clear that Jim should definitely borrow pounds to finance his joint venture business. This conclusion is based on the established fact that "the actual cost of financing by the debtor firm will depend on: (1) the interest rate charged by the bank that provided the loan, and (2) the movement in the borrowed currency's value over the life of the loan" (Madura & Fox, 2007). Despite the fact that the British interest rate is somewhat higher, Sports Exports Company would be able to offset a portion of the firm's exposure by electing to borrow British pounds because "the international Fisher effect (IFE) suggests that the currency…

References

Abdulnasser, H.J. (2009). The international fisher effect: Theory and application. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 6(1), 117-121. Retrieved from  http://www.businessperspectives.org/journals_free/imfi/2009/imfi_en_2009_01_Hatemi - J.pdf

Madura, J., & Fox, R. (2007). International finance management. (8th ed., p. 693). London, England: Thomson Learning. DOI: books.google.de/books?id=5cBqxUwGtvkC&pg=PA601&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad =4