He stated that France as a financial capital was richer than Germany and Japan combined.
The rest of the section sees a return to the monopolies and their control over raw materials. Stating how the international monopolies controlled all the material necessary to manufacture and produce goods. He asserts that the monopolies created shortages in areas to keep the public from turning against colonization of other areas when in fact they could have cooperated with agriculture to more than supply the means.
Lenin draws the conclusion that monopolies not only desire the areas of known resources but attempt to acquire resources not discovered yet. Undeveloped land deemed as worthless might someday yield desirability with technological advancements. He states that the financial systems sought to acquire the greatest amounts of land to keep away the chances of competition from the smaller nations or businesses. It is noted the world was divided into…...
Lenin
Valdimir Ilyich Ulyanov, well-known by his pseudonym Lenin, was instrumental for the communist revolution that dramatically altered the political and social setup of Russia. Lenin was born in 1870 in Simbirsk at a time when the Czar enjoyed supreme power and influence. Lenin even lost his brother Alexander to the tyrannical rule of the Czar but that did not stop him from his revolutionary activities. He was the first person to practically implement the philosophy of Karl Marx by means of his radical policies. In 1895 when he was 25, Lenin was jailed for a period of 14 months after which he was exiled to Siberia for three years on charges of instigating revolutionary activities against the Czarist government. [Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary]
It was during this period that Lenin completed his famous work called "The Development of Capitalism in Russia." For most of the next decade and a half Lenin spent…...
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Bibliography
1) Michael H. hart, "The Hundred: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History," Meeraa Publication, 1999.
During his first few months in Paris, Marx became a communist and put forth his views in a plethora of writings known as the Economic and philosophical Manuscripts, that remained unpublished until the 1930s. It was also in Paris that Marx developed his life long association with Friedrich Engels. (Karl Marx, 1818-1883)
At the end of 1844 Marx was debarred from Paris and with Engels migrated to Brussels. In the initiation of 1848, Marx moved back to Paris when a revolution first emerged and onto Germany where he instituted again in Cologne, the Neue heinishce Zeitung. In later periods Marx settled in London, and was optimistic about the imminence of a new revolutionary emergence in Europe. He re-entered the Communist League and wrote two prolonged pamphlets on the 1848 revolution in France and its repercussions, the Class Struggles in France and the 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. He had a…...
When Lenin's Bolshevik Revolution occurred, Russia was primarily an agricultural country with many of its people being little more than poor agricultural workers. There was little sign of an impending industrial revolution.
When Lenin came into power and held the position of head of government, he began to implement some of his socialist ideologies. In 1918, the Russian Constituent Assembly was dissolved and enabled the Bolsheviks to consolidate their political power. Prior to this consolidation, in 1917 the Cheka was formed. Created to defend the Russian Revolution, the Cheka began to clamp down on voices opposed to the Bolshevik party, taking control of newspaper content and ensuring no defamatory articles were written about the Cheka. As was always his intention, Lenin sought to introduce the world to his revolutionary ideas and in 1923 he looked to the Third World as the focus of his revolution. He praised China's socialist values…...
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Question 3:
As the planet's natural resources continue to be harvested at an alarming rate and climate change becomes a reality, countries are collaborating on a global scale to find ways to solve environmental problems. When natural disasters strike, as they did in Haiti in 2010, many first world countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom work together in organizing redevelopment, health care and emergency measures to enable the country to rebuild. However, in less urgent situations, collaborations can be fraught with tension and can often lose sight of their original goal. For example, in the United States and neighboring Mexico, environmental issues can take a while to be resolved as each step has to pass through governing bodies and relevant associations beforehand. However, through dialog and a continued development of the international relationship, Mexico and the United States are able to come up with working resolutions.
Incorporated into the 1983 La Paz agreement and the 1992 Rio Declaration is a principle that each nation has a responsibility to make certain that its activities do not cause environmental harm to the other country. Still in early days, the key to getting the principle to work is by governments actively campaigning for citizens to work together with their country in reducing environmental damage. Other agreements that have been signed in recent years include a 1996 air quality management agreement. Again, this was between the United States and Mexico. Due to the rapid industrial growth and expansion of Mexico and the Southwest of the United States, the agreement was put into place to reduce the amount of air pollution that is caused by this growth. Although each nation has its own statutes in place that monitor and police air quality, they do not take into consideration the shared air pollution of near border cities such as El Paso and Juarez. With the inception of this agreement, both nations can work together to reduce the pollution in these shared air basins.
hen thirty-year-old Maximilien Robespierre arrived at Versailles to represent the Third Estate of Artois, he seemed an unlikely revolutionary. In his home town of Arras, he was known as a solid, though not particularly inspiring lawyer. His manner of dress was simple and conservative. His high-pitched, atonal voice placed him at a disadvantage as an orator (Jordan 66). He was not, however, entirely lacking in strengths. According to Jordan, Robespierre loved words and had a gift for stringing them together into stirring sentences (64). Furthermore, he was persistent, making speeches on a variety of issues in spite of his own fears and the jeering of hecklers (67). Finally, he carried in his mind and heart a glowing vision of a just, economically stable, democratic post-revolutionary France (34).
Through his speeches, Robespierre emerged as one of the more influential figures of the Revolution. This paper will examine Robespierre's evolving political, social, and…...
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Works Cited
Deutscher, Isaac. Lenin's Childhood. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Jordan, David P. The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre. New York: The Free Press, 1985.
Service, Robert. Lenin: A Biography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
He became a virtual dictator which saw his government making peace with Germany, distributed land and nationalized industry.in 1918 there was a devastating civil war against the anti-Bolshevik white forces.in 1920 the anti-Bolsheviks were defeated which saw the formation of the Union of oviet ocialist Republics (UR) in 1922 (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2014).
war communism
During the Civil war between 1917 and 1921 the Bolsheviks adopted the war communism that led to the breaking up of landed estates as well as forcible seizure of agricultural surpluses.in the cities there were intense food shortages as well as a break down of monetary system. City dwellers fled to the countryside to tend to the land which Bolshevik break up of the lands estates had transferred of peasants. Early 1921 there was a lot of public discontent with the state of economy resulting to numerous strikes and protests. The Kronstadt rebellion was a…...
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Stalin had suffered a major stroke on March 1st 1953 but there was delayed treatment due to his actions over the previous decades. he slowly died in the course of the few days that followed apparently in agony and ended up dying of brain haemorrhage.it still remains unclear whether Stalin would have been saved if medical help would have arrived shortly after he suffered from the stroke.
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One of these leaders of nations who had subsisted to the promise of Communism is Vladimir Lenin, Revolutionary leader who became the first leader of Soviet Russia, and eventually, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Under Lenin's leadership, he began realizing Marx's vision of a Communist society, where there is no private property and no class stratification. However, Lenin did not subscribe to Marx' belief that it should be the working class who will induce social reform and revolutionize to build a Communist society, in opposition against capitalism. In "What is to be done?," Lenin argues that revolution under a broad organization of revolutionaries made up of "hardened workers" is not feasible, simply because this organization is "loose," making the revolutionaries of workers more susceptible to outside intervention. These interventions, he states, are the police and gendarmes; hence, a broad organization of workers are not ideal, for it will…...
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Bibliography
Preston, P.W. (1996). Development theory: an introduction. NY: Blackwell Publishers.
Turner, J. (1989). The emergence of sociological theory. CA: Wadsworth.
While Lenin's economic program benefited the Russians, particularly its working class, Stalin's economic program was advantageous for military personnel and industrialists. In fact, Stalin had changed the nature of USSR economy from being socialist to pseudo-capitalist, a reversal of Lenin's objectives. Thus, Stalinism in the Soviet Union had destroyed the nationalistic objective that Lenin had originally created for the Russian people and the Soviet allies.
Nikita Khrushchev's leadership after the rule of the Stalin government included the abolishment of the Soviet Union. Russia gradually assumed a capitalist economy, although the immediate reform that Khruschev implemented was the destruction of Stalin's Communist regime and its institutions. His administration focused on the abolishment of any trace of Stalin's authoritarian rule in the Soviet Union right after World War II. Russian morale at this time was at its lowest, what with the fall of the 'socialist experiment' and prevalence of poverty and hunger…...
leadership is crucial to successful political military campaigns. Close scrutiny of the military and political leaders of the First World War demonstrate how political leaders use methods like propaganda and ideology to forge their victories in the psyches of the people, helping military leaders achieve their goals by engendering trust, courage, and conviction in spite of tremendous hardships and even death. Similarly, the victories of military leaders become critical for effective political campaigns. Military leadership requires a different set of tools and tactics than political leadership but both are crucial for desirable outcomes.
One of the most successful political leaders during World War One ended up being Vladimir Lenin, who spearheaded the Bolshevik evolution and ensured the enduring success of Soviet policies. Lenin's leadership skills far exceeded those of Czar Nicholas II, who failed to inspire the people of ussia in the way Lenin had, thus leading to the demise…...
We are surrounded on all sides by enemies, and we have to advance almost constantly under their fire. We have combined, by a freely adopted decision, for the purpose of fighting the enemy, and not of retreating into the neighboring marsh, the inhabitants of which, from the very outset, have reproached us with having chosen the path of struggle instead of the path of conciliationæthere can be no talk of an independent ideology formulated by the working masses themselves in the process of their movement, the only choice is -- either bourgeois or socialist ideology. There is no middle course (for mankind has not created a "third" ideology, and, moreover, in a society torn by class antagonisms there can be a non-class or an above-class ideology)."
The Revolution of 1905 developed in two phases. First, a diverse group opposing the Tsar and encompassing much of the political spectrum took form.…...
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8. Freeze, Gregory. (2002) Russia: A History. New York: Oxford University Press, ibid.
9. Freeze, Gregory. (1995) From Supplication to Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, ibid.
10. Carr Hallet Edward. (1981) A History of Soviet Russia: The Bolshevik Revolution. New York: The Macmillan Company, ibid.
Hapsburg Empire in the Half entury before World War I
At the outbreak of World War I, The Hapsburg Empire was one of the last vestiges of Holy Roman Empire to be found in Europe. The eventual defeat of the Austrian Haspburgs culminated a demise that began in the half century before the war started.
The reason for the longevity of the Hapsburg Empire rested in its ability to form advantageous political alliances whether they be through marriage- Maria Theresa and Joseph II, religion- acceptance of Protestants ending discrimination against Jews or militaristic- alliance w / Germany, in nature. During the half century before the World War, The Haspburgs created some allegiances that would prove to be faulty.
During the rimean War (1853-1856) the Haspburgs flirted with siding with the France and England against Russia if Russia did not leave Romania. Russia withdrew but not without hard feelings towards the Hapsburg Empire,…...
A democracy based on peaceful demonstrations rather than on a coup or forced government changes is one in which millions of citizens decided to take action for their own future economic and democratic benefit. The political system India has is based on the political culture of the society that governed it - which is England. The Indian system of justice, according to the CIA orld Factbook is based on English common law. But because India is 80% Hindu, 13.4% Muslim and 2.3% Christian, the country has separate codes of law for those three religions. In fact, there is a great deal of hostility between Muslims and Hindu people, so separate law codes show that India has adopted Classical Liberalism.
Classical Liberalism that has evolved into New Liberalism in India means an open democracy where the government uses a free market and fairness in matters of justice along with regular elections…...
Marxist Perspective for Understanding Society
Although the United States and other Western nations fought a cold war against Communism for a significant part of the twentieth century, Western nations were not immune to the influence of Karl Marx, an intellectual and ideological founder of Communism. Even during the Cold War, Marxism entered disciplines in social sciences in the United States and students of sociology, history, political science, and a few other disciplines can no longer ignore Marxist perspective for understanding society today. Indeed, key components of Marxist perspective -- all of them revolving around the basic premise that societies can be defined by class struggle -- are very helpful in analyzing how a society functions. And Marxism today is not confined to the writings of Marx only but has been enriched by other scholars who helped to make Marxism a very useful and important tool for evaluating complexities of societies.
Marxism…...
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References
Andreou, C. (1998) In Defense of Marx's Account of the Nature of Capitalist Exploitation. Philosophy of Economics. Retrieved on 5 Nov. 2011, from http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Econ/EconAndr.htm
Gimenez, M. (2001). Marxism, and class, gender, and race: Rethinking the trilogy. Race, Gender & Class, 8(2), 23-33. Retrieved on 5 Nov. 2011, from EBSCOhost.
" Only by purging it completely would Russia be pure enough for the clean sheet of the revolution (erth, 2008). The history of communism and fascism is replete with such nauseating disrespect for the common customs and mores of people that gird the very structures of society. e do not always see these microlaws, but they are there and have validity and society only invades upon them with great danger.
In addition to local common law, microlegal systems guide and gird international law as well. As defined by Philip Adott in the Concept of International Law, "micro-legal systems of treaties…are an integral part of a society's legal self-constituting, its self-ordering through law…the international legal system…contains a customary form of law, and treaties have a complex and subtle relationship to customary international law (Adott, 1999, pp. 42-33)." According to Adott, microlaw can potentially be international in its scope and can impact…...
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Works Cited
Adott, Philip. (1999). The concept of international law. European Journal of International Law, 10, 31-50.
Hidary, Rabbi Dr. Richard . (2010). Minhag and halakhah in the talmuds: a cross-
It was simply not modern or wealthy enough to withstand such strong economic pressure. In 1917 the first of two major coups occurred; the Tsar was imprisoned and later executed, a Civil War erupted eventually resulting in the emergence of the Bolshevik Party under Vladimir Lenin; the world's first socialist state.
The major thrust of the new government was to completely revise the economy of the massive state -- breakup landed estates, seizure of agricultural surpluses, but an economic period of 8 years (1921-29) that was more market socialism. However, once Lenin died and the power struggle for ultimate control went to Joseph Stalin, a vast and rapid reindustrialization took place. Stalin believed that the only way to retain a Soviet State was to modernize and the only way to modernize was to collectivize all agriculture so there would be enough food and surplus to fuel the drastic measures necessary…...
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REFERENCES
Back Matter - List of Contributors. (1975). Slavic Studies, 27(2), 338-40.
McKay, J. (1971). Review - The Industrialization of Russia. Slavic Review, 30(3), 667.
For example, scholarly articles include: "The Old Believers and the Rise of Private industrial Enterprise in Early Nineteenth Century Moscow," Slavic Review, 24 (3): 407-24; books include: The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization, 1800-1860. (1970), Princeton University Press; Russian Economic Development from Peter the Great to Stalin. (1974), New Viewpoints.
1. The Red Tide: A Global Perspective on the Russian Revolution
This title evokes the tumultuous nature of the revolution and its far-reaching impact, comparing it to a powerful ocean current. The use of "Red" nods to the Bolshevik ideology, providing a subtle hint of the revolution's political nature.
2. From Petrograd to the World: The Impact of the Russian Revolution
This title emphasizes the global significance of the revolution by highlighting its epicenter, Petrograd, and its subsequent influence on international affairs. It suggests a journey or transformation that extended beyond the borders of Russia.
3. The Global Sparks: How the Russian Revolution Ignited....
1. Vladimir Lenins central thesis that impacted the Russian Revolution was the concept of a vanguard party leading the proletariat in overthrowing the bourgeoisie and establishing a socialist state.
2. Lenin argued that the vanguard party should be a disciplined and centralized organization of professional revolutionaries who would guide the working class towards revolution.
3. Lenin believed that the working class, on its own, could not achieve revolutionary consciousness and needed the leadership of the vanguard party to bring about the overthrow of the capitalist system.
4. Lenins thesis emphasized the importance of a strong, centralized leadership in order to....
1. Lenin's unwavering commitment to the vanguard party as the sole engine of revolutionary change fundamentally shaped the course of the Russian Revolution, enabling the Bolsheviks to seize and consolidate power despite their numerical inferiority.
2. Lenin's theory of imperialism, which posited that capitalism inevitably leads to conflict and colonial expansion, provided the ideological justification for the Bolsheviks' anti-war stance and their support for international revolution.
3. Lenin's emphasis on the need for a disciplined and hierarchical party structure ensured that the Bolsheviks maintained cohesion and effectiveness amidst the chaos of the revolution, giving them a decisive advantage over their rivals.
4. Lenin's....
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