Whilst I talk, some poor farmer drudges & slaves for me" (Journals 9: 126). He feels that a real reformer is the one who would refuse to purchase or use slave-produced goods and in this regard he noted: "Alas! alas! my brothers, there is never an abolitionist in New England" (Journals 9:128).

Thus reform though it has been an important subject has often elicited different responses from thinkers and writers. While some connected it with religion, others completely kept religion away from it. Winthrop's brand of reform is not only different from Emerson's but the former will never find any endorsement of his views in the writings of Emerson's. The latter was more involved and interested in individualistic reform that focused on change within one's self instead of institutionalized change. The different in thinking can be attributed to the different time periods in which they composed their thoughts.

eferences

Emerson,…

References

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Merton M. Sealts, Jr. Vol. 5. Cambridge: Belknap P. Of Harvard UP, 1965.

The Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Ralph H. Orth and Alfred R. Ferguson. Vol. 9. Cambridge: Belknap P. Of Harvard UP, 1971.

New England Reformers." 1844. Essays First and Second Series. New York: Vintage Books, 1990. 361-79.

Johnson, Linck C. "Reforming the Reformers: Emerson, Thoreau, and the Sunday Lectures at Amory Hall, Boston." ESQ 37.4 (1991): 235-89.

God is like art in that it cannot be learned, it must be experienced. To experience God, one must be brave because "God will not have his work made manifest by cowards" (Emerson). This bravery includes disregarding the risk of ridicule from others. The rewards of this connection are great, as they open us to many things. Emerson writes, "when God speaketh he should communicate, not one thing, but all things . . . henever a mind is simple and receives a divine wisdom, then old things pass away . . . It lives now, and absorbs past and future into the present hour" (Emerson). Here Emerson places all things in the here and now. This rhetoric is found in popular circles today. Many self-help gurus will tout living in the now as the future never arrives and the past is already gone.

Nature plays a significant role is man's…

Work Cited

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Self-Reliance." Emerson Central Online Database. Information retrieved March 10, 2010. Web

Self-Reliance and the Road Not Taken

American Transcendentalism: Emerson and Frost

There are several qualities that are inherent in American literature that help to set it apart from English literature. Among the earliest themes explored in American literature was the concept of self-reliance and individuality. These concepts are prevalent of writers and advocates of Transcendentalism, a subset of American Romanticism. Ralph aldo Emerson explored the concept of individuality in his essay, "Self-Reliance," and also aimed to define how self-worth is measured. Likewise, Robert Frost embraces the concepts of individuality and self-worth as defined by Emerson. Emerson's influence on Frost can be seen in the theme and narrative of Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken." Both Emerson and Frost comment on the importance of the self and the impact that individuality has on a person.

Transcendentalism is an American literary, political, and philosophical movement that aimed to bring an individual to…

Works Cited

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Self-Reliance." Emerson Central. Web. 7 August 2012.

Frost, Robert. "The Road Not Taken." Mountain Interval. Web. 7 August 2012.

"Romanticism." Brooklyn College. Web. 7 August 2012.

Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 4: American Transcendentalism (AT): A Brief Introduction." PAL:

Ralph aldo Emerson's Influence on the Poetry of . hitman and E. Dickinson

During 19th century American literature, orthodox teachings and values are evident in most literary works, which is an evidence of the strong influence religion has over the American society. It is noted that during this period, a new form of religion is emerging as one of the dominant religious organizations in the est, particularly the Protestant religion. Ralph aldo Emerson is one example of a 19th century literary poet that influenced his contemporaries with his highly influential works that illustrate his religious background and belief.

Emerson's distinct character of showing his personal religious beliefs in his poem will be discussed in this paper. In line with this discussion, an analysis of two poets will also be discussed in order to show how Emerson's influence has affected each poet's style and theme of poetry. Two poets that have…

Walt Whitman is an American poet who is known for his characteristic style of depicting issues that focus on the worth of an individual and humanity. Emerson's influence over Whitman's poetry is evident in his collection of poems in "Leaves of Grass." Whitman's poem collection is a response to Emerson's call for a distinct and true American culture delivered in 1842. Emily Dickinson, similarly, is an American poet that has been greatly influenced by Emerson's works and writings. Like Emerson, Dickinson subsisted to the belief of transcendentalism, a philosophy wherein people believe that there is a higher reality that is found beyond the faculties of human knowledge and experience as well as reason.

The theme of transcendentalism is evident in one of Emerson's poems, entitled, "The Amulet." In this particular poem, Emerson expresses his belief in immaterial concepts and ideas, as contradicted by the physical belief that the amulet elicits from the individual or its owner. The poet first establishes the "powers" that amulets can give to people before contradicting and illustrating the futility that humans get out of these amulets. In describing it, Emerson describes that the amulet "keeps intelligence with you / Red when you love... And when you love not, pale and blue." However, the strong power that the amulet possesses is contradicted in the last stanza of the poem. The poet develops his thought fully in the last part of the poem, where he finally states that: "... love / Died in its last expression." By saying this, Emerson shows how, despite the metaphysical powers of amulets have over forcing someone to love another, it sacrifices one important thing needed in loving, which is precisely love itself.

Whitman and Dickinson follows suit in illustrating the theme of transcendentalism in their poetry. In Whitman's "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer," the poet expresses his dismay at the seemingly scientific and technical way of looking at Nature, one of the extraordinary wonders of the world. Dickinson, on the other hand, illustrates in her poem, "A Word is Dead," how a linguistic symbol like a word can possess 'human-like' characteristics. This point is illustrated when Dickinson expressed in her poem, "I say it just / Begins to live / That day." These two examples of poems show Emerson's influence in placing priority in humanity and abstractness over scientific and materialistic elements.

The apathy of private landowners discussed earlier may be due to the feeling that one may not feel that individual efforts are important. However, the case in Waldo, Florida demonstrates just how important the actions of one individual can be in averting danger.

Bend, Oregon has developed large community efforts to help reduce fuel in the area. They open up the landfill several times a year free of charge to allow citizens to dispose of debris from thinning and pruning (NCS, 2003). Thinning and pruning around houses creates a barrier of defensible space should a fire threaten. The landscape and fire resistance efforts in Bend have become a social factor.

These case studies demonstrate how communities can be spurred into action. The study conducted by eams, Haines, & enner et al., (2005) found owner apathy as the number one obstacle that they faced in preparing communities in case of a…

References

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)(2005) Snapshots: Successful BLM Projects Supporting the National Fire Plan. May 13, 2005. Retrieved February 23, 2009 at  http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc./medialib/blm/nifc/snapshots0/2005.Par.64322.File.dat/05-13-05.pdf 

Davis, C. (2001). The West in Flames: The Intergovernmental Politics of Wildfire Suppression and Prevention. The Journal of Federalism. 31-93): 97-110.

FireWise. (2009). About Firewise. National Fire Protection Association. Retrieved February 21, 2009 at  http://www.firewise.org .

FireWiseCommunities/USA. (2009). Fire wise Communities/USA. National Fire Protection Association. Retrieved February 21, 2009 at

Tune with the Infinite: Or, Fullness of Peace, Power and Plenty, by Ralph Waldo Trine. Specifically, it will report on the book, giving an overview of the book with some mention of the key ideas in each chapter, and finishing with a positive conclusion.

IN TUNE WITH THE INFINITE

Author Ralph Waldo Trine opens his book with this statement in the Preface:

There is a golden thread that runs through every religion in the world. There is a golden thread that run through the lives and the teachings of all the prophets, seers, sages, and saviours in the world's history, through the lives of all and women of truly great and lasting power. All that they have ever done or attained to has been done in full accordance with law. What one has done, all may do.

This same golden thread must enter into the lives of all who today,…

Bibliography

Author not Available. "Ralph Waldo Trine Biography." Personal Web Page. 2003. 17 June 2003. http://website.lineone.net/~ralphtrine/

Trine, Ralph Waldo. In Tune with the Infinite: Or, Fullness of Peace, Power and Plenty. New York: Dodge Publishing Company, 1910.

social commentator, Thomas Frank, has published an insightful article in the February, 2011 issue of Harper's magazine assailing the members of what he describes as the privileges class in America failure to exhibit empathy and understanding for the plight of the working and middle class. In the article, entitled "Servile Disobedience," Frank states, "The rich are different from you and me (T. Frank). They are ruder and less generous. They don't get what others are thinking and apparently they don't really care." In offering these comments, Frank echoes the thoughts offered many years before by the writer and poet, Ralph aldo Emerson. Emerson saw the United States as being infected with "selfishness, fraud and conspiracy (Emerson)."

Frank in his article laments that, "e need the rich to be nicer. e need the rich to discover brotherly love, and fast." He recognizes that among the rich there are a number who…

Works Cited

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The Essential Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Modern Library, 2000.

Frank, Robert. "Millionaires Support Warren Buffett's Tax on the Rich." 27 October 2011. Wall Street Journal. 1 December 2011 .

Frank, Thomas. "Servile Disobedience." Harper's February 2011.

Kraus, Michael W. "Social Class, Contextualism and Empathic Accuracy." Psychological Science (2010): 11716-1723.

nature in American literature, from earliest writings to the Civil War period. It is my purpose to outline the connection between spirituality, freedom and nature and explain how American writers have chosen to reflect and interpret these themes in relation to their historical realities.

At the beginning of the colonization process there were two congruent depictions of nature. Initially, the tribes comprising The Iroquois League lived in close contact with nature and believed in the importance of maintaining a harmonious relationship with it. In this respect, the Iroquois Constitution imposes a devout display of gratitude to all by-human elements of the world before the opening of any council. On the other hand, the early explorers and founders of the United States perceived an immense natural potential in the country. In this sense, Thomas Hariot describes the New World as a land of wealth, his words and images aimed both at…

References

Barna, Mark. (2001, May) Our Romance with Nature. The World and I, Vol.16, No.5

Webb, J. Echoes of Paine: Tracing the Age of Reason through the Writings of Emerson (2006). ATQ (The American Transcendental Quarterly), Vol. 20, No.3

Whicher, G.F. (1945) Walden Revisited: A Centennial Tribute to Henry David Thoreau. Chicago: Packard

Emerson, he believed resistance to conformity and exploration of self, led to a kind of self-reliance that permeated the inner workings and imaginings of the human soul. What began as a simple analysis of self-explored concepts, took on the form of universal philosophy. This essay will examine Emerson's work, "Self-eliance" in a way that will not only analyze themes, but also provide a closer look into the context surrounding Emerson at the time as well as possible meanings behind the text.

alph Waldo Emerson wrote an 1841 essay titled "Self-eliance". An American essayist and transcendentalist philosopher, Emerson provides his most thorough statement of one of his ongoing themes: the avoidance of false consistency and conformity. Meaning, Emerson preached for people to follow their own ideas and instincts instead of relying on society's imposed rules and standards. His famous quote, "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by…

References

Andrew C. Hansen. (2008). Reading Sonic Culture in Emerson's "Self-Reliance". Rhetoric & Public Affairs, 11(3), 417-437. doi:10.1353/rap.0.0053

Bloom, H. (2009). Ralph Ellison's Invisible man. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing.

Brown, L. R. (1997). The Emerson museum: Practical romanticism and the pursuit of the whole. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Emerson, R. W. (2012). Self-Reliance and Other Essays. Dover Publications.

The goal is approached through three distinct channels -- (1) a bottom up approach, focused on the individual administrator; (2) a top down approach focused on organizational culture, and (3) the approach to values from a functional and practical angle. The conclusions can easily be extrapolated to the totality of entities, public or private, to reveal how an incremental emphasis is being placed on culture, ideologies, reform and efficiency.

The third source to be analyzed is represented by Camilla Stivers' Gender Images in Public Administration: Legitimacy and the Administrative State (2002). With a slightly more specific agenda in mind, Stivers' book looks at the role of women in public institutions. Sadly enough, she finds that despite the growing number of public administration female students, their actual role and presence within public institutions remains reduced, due to a long lasting perception of public jobs as having a masculinity in nature. The…

References:

Fry, B.R., 1989, Mastering Public Administration: From Max Weber to Dwight Waldo, Chatham House Publishers, ISBN 093454056X

Stivers, C., 2002, Gender Images in Public Administration: Legitimacy and the Administrative State, 2nd Edition, SAGE, ISBN 0761921745

Van Wart, M., 1998, Changing Public Sector Values, Taylor and Francis, ISBN 0815320728

" In other words, the conclusion is that women have a negative impact on all five organizational performance criteria -- personal achievements, accountability, team building, morale and customer service. A similar view is shared by Elton Mayo, who argues that women tend to talk too much among themselves, fail to become subordinate and as such distract the attention of the whole group, negatively impacting power of concentration, and consequently, performances and the rest of the criteria.

The inferiority of the female gender comparative to the male gender is also sustained by sources quoted by Montgomery Van Wart in his Changing Public Sector Values (1998). He presents the subject in the context of discriminations against certain groups, but argues that the gender criterion is the least important one as more dramatic discriminations occurred based on race or social status. Nevertheless, the pillar of these discriminations was the belief in elite systems,…

Reference:

Fry, B.R., 1989, Mastering Public Administration: From Max Weber to Dwight Waldo, Chatham House Publishers, ISBN 093454056X

Stivers, C., 2002, Gender Images in Public Administration: Legitimacy and the Administrative State, 2nd Edition, SAGE, ISBN 0761921745

Van Wart, M., 1998, Changing Public Sector Values, Taylor and Francis, ISBN 0815320728

S. production value. Exports account for approximately half this amount (Binnquist, Lopez, and Shanley). Figure 2 portrays three views of bamboo. One: A bamboo forrest; Two: A bamboos shoot; Three: A bamboo grove walkway.

Figure 2: Three Views of Bamboo (adapted from Stickman).

As bamboo production levels have risen, the amounts of raw materials needed to facilitate the production have simultaneously increased. The bamboo industry in Anji predominantly harvests bamboo from plantations, as it primarily grows a fast growing and easily cultivated, bamboo species, locally known as "maozhu" or "moso bamboo" (phyllostachys heterocycla) (Binnquist, Lopez, and Shanley). .

Currently in Anji, the cultivation of moso bamboo encompasses 60% of the forest area, with the percentage rising as plantations expand. Along with the hefty production of bamboo, the intense cultivation bamboo industry uses mammoth amounts of fertilizers and pesticides; which contributes to negative environmental effects. In reference to the bamboo production…

WORKS CITED

Applegate, Ed and Johnsen, Art. Cases in advertising and marketing management: real =

situations for tomorrow's managers Plymouth, United Kingdom: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. Print.

Adhikary, Nripal. "Treatment Process." Abari Adobe and Bamboo Research Institute. 2009.

Web. Available at: . 09 October 2009.

The only material similarity between Prynne's scarlet "badge" and Faith's pink ribbons is that both are made of cloth and adorn some type of clothing, i.e., Faith's ribbons are part of her cap while Prynne's "badge" is sewn into her dress as needlework.

The reader is first introduced to Prynne's "badge" in Chapter Two of the Scarlet Letter when she emerges from jail -- "On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, appeared the letter a." Upon being led to her "place of punishment" for committing adultery with Arthur Dimmesdale, all eyes are immediately drawn to the scarlet "A" which "had the effect of a spell, taking (Hester) out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself" (ell, 163-164). Obviously, this scarlet emblem upon Hester's dress seems to emit a life…

Bibliography

Bell, Millicent, Ed. Nathaniel Hawthorne: Collected Novels and Short Stories. New York: The Library of America, 1983.

Richardson, Robert D., Jr. "Ralph Waldo Emerson." Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol. 59: "American Literary Critics and Scholars, 1800-1850." Ed. John W. Rathburn. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Research, Inc., 1987, 108-129.

Gardner, like Emerson, Russell, and Einstein, also criticizes the substantive choice of subject matter and the ineficiency with which traditional educational methods inspire genuine understanding or long-term retention of what is learned that way.

I think that we teach way too many subjects and we cover way too much material and the end result is that students have a very superficial knowledge, as we often say, a mile wide and an inch deep. Then once they leave school, almost everything's been forgotten. And I think that school needs to change to have a few priorities and to really go into those priorities very deeply." (Gardner 3007)

Similarly, Gardner (2007) emphasizes the importance of transforming the educational environment from the accumulative approach of traditional education and the NCL approach to one that mirrors the suggestions of Emerson, Russel, and Einstein:

we need to have the individuals who are involved in education,…

BIBLIOGRAPHY Einstein, a. (1936) on Education (From Ideas and Opinions.) New York: Crown Emerson, R.W., (1884) on Education (From a World of Ideas). Friere, P. (1972) the Banking Concept of Education (From a World of Ideas)

Gardner, H. (2000) the Disciplined Mind: Beyond Facts and Standardized Tests: The K-12 Education That Every Child Deserves.

New York: Penguin Putnam.

Gardner, H. (2007): Multiple Intelligences and New Forms of Assessment. Edutopia: What Works in Public Education the George Lucas Educational Foundation. Retrieved June 30, at  http://www.edutopia.org/howard-gardner-interview#graph5 

Russell, B. (1926) the Functions of a Teacher (From the Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell. London: Routledge.

Henry Thoreau and Ralph Emerson were two of the romantic American writers of the transcendentalist movement, which in essence stresses that less is more, that nature is to be studied, to be a true intellect you must read the classics and that living a life off the beaten path is more satisfying than one on the beaten path. Though Emerson began his writings first, Thoreau and Emerson are both credited with this movement. Emerson was clearly the founder of this initial movement, but Thoreau's writings were also critically acclaimed. The publishing of Thoreau's Civil Disobedience (1849) and alden (1854) followed the 1837 commencement speech of Emerson entitled "The American Scholar" and the 1841 essay "Self-Reliance." The similar views of these two men and their principles for living are seen throughout their respective works though it can be said that Thoreau applied Emerson's beliefs to his own.

"The American Scholar" was…

While Emerson clearly began his works before Thoreau, Thoreau was heavily influenced by his writings and his lifestyle. Emerson stated principles about Nature being important, Literature being a guide and Self-Reliance being our judge and Thoreau carried these ideas out and wrote about them.

Thoreau, Henry. Walden; or Life in the Woods. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1995

Ralph Waldo Emerson: Texts  http://www.emersoncentral.com  17 February 2002

Nineteenth Century Reform

The nineteenth century, particularly between 1825 and the outbreak of the civil war in 1861, the United States was in a state of reform. There were five key reform movements that made themselves present in America in the nineteenth century. There was the Utopianism/

Communitarian Movement, which established an ideal society separate from present politics. Educational reforms were important in the creation of taxes to support the public school system, higher education for adults, as well as mandatory education and attendance. The Temperance Movement urged abstinence from alcohol and the oman's Rights Movement was vital in the improvement of the life of women politically, socially, and economically. It also included the battle forged for women's suffrage rights. Humanitarianism was improving the lives of those less fortunate.

Reform in the nineteenth century was generated by secular communities, which arose in the mid 1800s. The primary goal of these…

Works Cited

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The Transendentalist. 1842.  http://www.emersoncentral.com /transcendentalist.htm

Fitzhugh, George. Sociology for the South or The Failure of Free Society. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998.

Sumner, William Graham. What Social Classes Owe to Each Other. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Press, 2003.

U.S. Constitution. http: www.usconstitution.com/const.html.

Ecological Conscience

Mother of Life: Developing an Ecological Conscience

The greatest assignment and commitment for the world in the 21st century is to ensure that we re-discover the lost connection we have with nature. We have to see ourselves as biological beings and as part of the intricate web of life .we also have to understand more fully compared to any generation before us how we came about along with other living creators out of the universe fabric and to know that we are supposed to remain woven into that same fabric as long as we are here on earth in a bond which is inseparable since it is who we are.in short this implies that we have to nurture in all the diverse cultures that exist in our world a shift of consciousness is held in one eternal and fundamental reality which is that humanity and nature can never…

References

Falk, C., (2010).Cultivating an Ecological Conscience: Essays from a Farmer Philosopher.pg 8-10.Retrieved February 28,2014 from  http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=r9TJxRxwbOMC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=importance+of+developing+an+%22ecological+conscience&source=bl&ots=Tev_9KoZMw&sig=6LIq0s7qziQn0W3HcF04B-IVpZc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9IQU72sO8LQ7AbRqID4Cw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=importance%20of%20developing%20an%20%22ecological%20conscience&f=false 

Sage, J., (2005). Gardening and the Cultivation of an Ecological Conscience. Retrieved February 28,2014 from  http://www.uwsp.edu/philosophy/FacultyStaffDocs/jSage/Sage%20Gardening%20and%20The%20Cultivation%20of%20an%20Ecological%20Conscience.pdf 

Schola Ministries, (2010). The Ecological Conscience -- Merton Essay. Retrieved February 28,2014 from  http://www.scholaministries.org/lectory/the-ecological-conscience/ 

Worldpress.com, (2013).Ecology: Developing Ecological Consciousness. Retrieved February 28,2014 from  http://grandparentsforthefuture.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/ecology-developing-ecological-consciousness/

Lear and Comodore Barron, the commander of the American fleet in the Mediterranean agreed in 1805 that Ahmad was no longer useful to the American cause. As a result, Lear met with Muhammad D'Ghies, Tripoli's Minister for foreign affairs, and eventually reached an agreement. War prisoners would be mutually exchanged, and America had to pay a sum of $60, 000 to Tripoli. However, this sum was considerably smaller than what the Pasha had asked for in 1804. Legendary Commodore Charles Morris wrote, "On the 3rd of June, a peace was concluded with Tripoli by Colonel Lear, who had been authorized by the President to negotiate."

One of the most important consequences of the war was its power to produce some of the earliest American war heroes. In the absence of news correspondents, and the far-reaching means the press has today, the accounts of the war were given by the people…

The attendant rules for the words may, or may not be carried to the new language. For example, many French words carry their plurals into English, while some more recent additions adopt English rules for pluralization

So we create new words or meanings as needed, and we drop old ones as they become obsolete or lose their usefulness. Another way language changes is by attitude. Cultural influences make certain words taboo, so we develop euphemisms to replace the taboo word. When the euphemism becomes widely known, we change it. One example in English is the word for toilet: water closet->loo->lavatory->ladies' room-> rest room ad infinitum until finally, we stopped thinking of this particular place as taboo in western society, so now we use many of the previous euphemisms as our personal taste dictates, and most people understand us.

Language is so basically part of our culture that culture is probably…

MacNeil, Robert and McCrum, Robert 1986 "The Story of English" (1986) (mini)

Public Television miniseries.  http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0198245/ 

See Language in Thought and Action, Dr. S.I. Hayakawa, 1935 for more on this topic.

American Cultural History And Cult of Matthias

There had been many changes occurs in terms of the progress of the economy, population and intellectual abilities during the 18th century and these could be considered as the possible reasons for the evolution of a fresh thinking in all the various spheres of life, and this pertains to religion as well. This was in complete a need for change and a great desire for bring about changes. To a certain extent, this was considered to bring about the end of earlier concepts of religion of pertaining to the thought that it can be handled only by the privileged classes also ended. This led to the emergence of certain new religious thinkers and practical leaders like that of Mathias as leaders like him could not have become popular religious figures in the previous era. The line of thinking of Matthias was very much…

References

Amazon Book Review: The Kingdom of Matthias/a Story of Sex and Salvation in 19Th-Century

America: A Story of Sex and Salvation in 19Th-Centtury America. Retrieved from  http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0195098358/ref=dp_proddesc_0/102-8894187-2176153?%5Fencoding=UTF8& ; n=283155 Accessed 30 September, 2005

Bush, Perry. The Kingdom of Matthias: A Story of Sex and Salvation in 19th-Century America.

Book reviews. Journal of Social History. Spring, 1997. Retrieved from  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_n3_v30/ai_19409248

right' in the light of Alexis De Tocqueville's book, Democracy in America. The paper further expands on the idea of right as presented by other thinkers including Hegel, Bancroft and most recently Hardt and Negri.

Every person is born with an inherent sense of right and born which may later be altered, shaped or influenced by the society and person's own experiences. Philosophers have always been concerned with what they term the 'idea of right' and have expounded theories on how it is acquired, why it is needed and what happened when it ceases to exist. Alexis De Tocqueville was one such thinker who in his Magnus opus, Democracy in America, instructed readers to acquire an idea of right for he argued that it was impossible to build a great nation without a sense of right and wrong. Here idea of right must not be confused with 'rights' of people…

References

1) DEREK H. DAVIS, EDITORIAL. God and the Pursuit of America's Self-Understanding: Toward a Synthesis of American Historiography. Journal of Church and State, VOLUME 46 SUMMER 2004 NUMBER 3

2) Alexis De Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Book I: Chapter 14: Retrieved online 6th December 2004:  http://www.americanreformation.org/Tocqueville/1_ch14.htm 

3) Extracts from Hegel, "Hegel on Right" Retrieved online 6th December 2004:  http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/xhegel.htm 

4) "The Sovereignty of Ethics" by Ralph Waldo Emerson: from the North American Review, of May, 1878. Vol. X. 12. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Lectures and Biographical Sketches. pp. 175-206

Psychosocial Process ecording

Theories thrive in situations where facts are scarce or sparse in human endeavors. Medicine is a field in which such truths are evident. According to Gorman (1990), radical biologists hold the view that all psychiatric complications are caused by brain abnormalities. On the other hand, dogmatic psychologists claim that medical treatment only covers up psychiatric symptoms. They state that psychological treatment gets to the root of the problem (cited in Waldo, 2013).

This case analysis scenario has applied the Bio-psychosocial Model analysis of psychiatry. The approach was made popular by George L. Engelis. The biological element of the bio-psychosocial model seeks to understand how illnesses are due to the functioning of an individual's body. The psychological aspect investigates potential psychologically related causes for illness including lack of self-control, negative thoughts and emotional turmoil. The social element investigates how social factors including how socio economic dynamics, technology, poverty,…

References

Waldo, A. D. (2013). Process Recording: Case Analysis. School of Nursing. Retrieved 9 November 2016 from  https://www.academia.edu/8822397/Sample_Case_Presentation_in_Psychiatric_Nursing_Case_Analysis

In the poem and essay "Compensation," Ralph aldo Emerson makes a much more cogent and coherent assessment of how perspective seems to determine good and evil. His examples, however, are purely situational and do not adequately support his central thesis. For example, he compares a farmer jealous of power to the President examining what he has had to sacrifice to earn the hite House (par. 11). hile it is true that what one might see as a "good" here might be seen as an "evil" by the other, this has nothing to do with real morality. It is not what the President sacrificed of himself that determines the evil of this situation, but whether he sacrificed others for his own personal gain.

Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is one of the most well-known pieces of literature in the estern world. Robert Louis Stevenson shows the novels protagonist,…

Works Cited

Blake, William. "The Marriage of Heaven and Hell." Accessed 11 November 2010.  http://www.levity.com/alchemy/blake_ma.html 

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Compensation." Accessed 11 November 2010.  http://www.rwe.org/works/Essays-1st_Series_03_Compensation.htm 

Merwin, W.S. "The Stranger." Accessed 11 November 2010.  http://www.breakoutofthebox.com/stranger.htm 

Stevenson, Robert Louis. Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Accessed 11 November 2010.  http://www.online-literature.com/stevenson/jekyllhyde/

ith respect to these principles, Unitarians have historically supported social justice movements within the United States, such as the Civil Rights movement, and anti-war causes. They also support interfaith dialogue, and believe there is value in all religious faiths, not just Christianity. The merged organization does not hold solely to Universalist or Unitarian beliefs, but honors both in the shaping of the tradition. Many women have served prominently in the movement since its inception, as have African-Americans. Unitarian Universalists also support full social equality for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered people (GLBT).

Unitarian Universalists have occasionally been accused of being irreligious, because of their tolerance of so many conceptions of faith, and the fact that they do not insist that adherents subscribe to a particular conception of God, or even to believe in a traditional, anthropomorphic form of the divine at all. Unitarian Universalists view the religion as part of…

Works Cited

Hughes, Peter. "Michael Sevetus." Unitarian Universalist Historical Society (UUHS).

March 24, 2011.  http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/michaelservetus.html 

Rasor, Paul. "Unitarian Universalist views of God." Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA).

March 24, 2011.  http://www.uua.org/publications/pamphlets/spiritualtopics/151278.shtml

I know that the case you cite, of Dr. Drake, has been a common one. The religion-builders have so distorted and deformed the doctrines of Jesus, so muffled them in mysticisms, fancies and falsehoods, have caricatured them into forms so monstrous and inconceivable, as to shock reasonable thinkers, to revolt them against the whole, and drive them rashly to pronounce its Founder an impostor. Had there never been a commentator, there never would have been an infidel.... I have little doubt that the whole of our country will soon be rallied to the unity of the Creator, and, I hope, to the pure doctrines of Jesus also (Jefferson, 1854).

American Transcendentalism -- the transcendentalist movement was a group of new ideas in religion, literature, culture and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century as a generalized protest against the general state of intellectualism and…

REFERENCES

Benedict, Ruth. (2007). Zuni Mythology. Martino Publishing.

Coffey, J. And P. Lim. (2008). The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism.

Cowley, G. (Fall/Winter 1991). "The Great Disease Migration." Newsweek. Cited in:

www.newsweek.com

One of Wright's major works was Black Boy and one of the most poignant sections of that book was Chapter 12 in which Wright described the experiences of two southern black boys exploited by the "five dollar fight." Working for an optician in Memphis, Tennessee, the protagonist (Richard) hopes that his experiences with white people in Memphis will be better than in the small town of Jackson, Mississippi "The people of Memphis had an air of relative urbanity that took some of the sharpness off the attitude of whites toward Negroes & #8230;"

However, Richard finds that white people are just as exploitative and abusive of blacks in the big city as in small towns. Some of the white men where Richard works pay another black boy a quarter at a time to let them kick him in his rear end and even when white men seem to be nice…

Lovel brings to the novel, which is the male dichotomy when dealing with social etiquette. hile the two bicker, they reveal how important it is for men to behave in a certain manner.

The Captain's response to the entire event also brings our attention to the importance of male social behavior in the novel. Men, too, must be aware of how to behave in social situations and clearly, Mr. Lovel sees himself above most etiquette. If we look at the Captain's remarks, we find how significant it is for men to establish themselves socially because Lovel's comeback reinforces how men will use social activities to display their manhood. hen the two go at it, there is no mention of women in their exchange; therefore, we see how very little women matter when it comes down to it. Mr. Ben is a man, according to the Captain, and later he declares…

Works Cited

Burney, Frances. Evelina; or, the History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the World. Girlebooks Publications. 1778.

Glock, Waldo. Appearance and Reality: The Education of Evelina. Essays in Literature. JSTOR Resource Database.

Cutting-Gray, Joanne. "Evelina: Writing between Experience and Innocence. Woman as 'Nobody' and the Novels of Fanny Burney." University Press of Florida. 1992. EBSCO Resource Database. Information Retrieved November 17, 2008.  http://search.epnet.com 

Newton, Judith. "Evelina: Or, the History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the Marriage Market." Modern Language Studies. 1976. JSTOR Resource Database. Information Retrieved November 16, 2008.  http://jstor.org

At the time these issues were groundbreaking topics. The play explored the decision that uth had to make because her economic conditions dictated that she could not afford another child. In addition, Beneatha's prospects of becoming a doctor and getting married were also explored in the play. This issue was extremely relevant at the time as some women were beginning to work outside the home. Although the play did not address whether or not Beneatha became a doctor or if she marred, it certainly presented the likelihood that these issues would present obstacles for Beneatha.

Overall a aisin in the Sun was a critically acclaimed play that still has certain parallels with today's society and the treatment of minorities. The play is studied throughout the various levels of academia and has become a classic American play. It has experienced long runs on Broadway and Phylicia ashad became the first African-American…

References

Context. 21 Dec. 2007  http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/raisin/context.html 

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Hansberry's a Raisin in the Sun." Explicator 52.1 (1993): 59-61

Hansberry L., 1959 a Raisin in the Sun

Plot Overview. 21 Dec. 2007.  http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/raisin/summary.html

According to Spring (2002), in 2002, YUM! Brands acquired a& and Long John Silver's; at that time, the company reported that, "The acquisition allows us to accelerate our multi-branding strategy and...to be expanded international leaders...in chicken, pizza, Mexican and seafood" (quoted in Spring at 203).

As noted above, the company's motto is, "Our passion is to put YUM on our customer's faces all over the world," and this marketing approach appears to be paying big dividends. Indeed, Spring notes that YUM! Brands is currently a leader in the construction and operation of themed environments: "For instance, in 1922, the a& logo was created by Roy Allen and Frank right to represent their two last names. Opening in Lodi, California, the men constructed an outdoor stand that looked like a root beer barrel. In 1923, a& developed the first car-hop service initiating the spread of drive-in restaurants. Later restaurants relied on…

Works Cited

About YUM! Brands. (2007). YUM! Brands, Inc. [Online]. Available:  http://www.yum.com/about/default.asp .

Corporate Profile. (2007). Yahoo! Finance. [Online]. Available:  http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=YUM .

De Marco, Donna. (2005, March 23). "Under One Roof; Yum Brands Cooks Up Success with Fast-Food Combos." The Washington Times, 10.

Elango, B. (2007). "Are Franchisors with International Operations Different from Those Who Are Domestic Market Oriented?" Journal of Small Business Management 45(2): 179.

Likewise, McCain (2003) reports that, "The United States is a dog-loving nation. The American Veterinary Medical Association says about 36% of U.S. households own dogs, compared with 31% that own cats. The most popular breeds, the American Kennel Club says, are Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and German shepherds" (2). According to the Southwest Boston Dog Owners' Group (2007), "The number of licensed dogs in Boston is 8,500; Animal Control estimates the total number of dogs in the city is 40,000" (Petition to Boston City Council and Mayor's office 4).

The results of the 2000 census of Boston showed that the city enjoys a healthy percentage of middle- to upper-middle class residents as shown in Table ____ below.

Table ____.

2000 Census Breakdown of Household Incomes in Boston.

Category

Number

Percent

Households

Less than $10,000

10,000 to $14,999

15,000 to $24,999

25,000 to $34,999

35,000 to $49,999

50,000 to $74,999

75,000…

Works Cited

Barker, Randolph T. (2005). "On the Edge or Not? Opportunities for Interdisciplinary Scholars in Business Communication to Focus on the Individual and Organizational Benefits of Companion Animals in the Workplace." The Journal of Business Communication 42(3):299.

Boston Housing Authority: Elderly & Disabled Housing Program Pet Policy. (October 1, 2000). Boston Housing Authority. [Online]. Available:  http://www.bostonhousing.org/pdfs/OPS2003ElderlyPetPolicy.pdf .

Dennick, Reg and Kate Exley. Small Group Teaching. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2004.

Goldberg, Jonah. (2002, December 9). "Man Bites Dog: The Axis of Evil Takes on Canines," National Review 54(23):37.

And farther west on the Great Plains were the Teton Sioux, among them the Oglalas, whose chief was Red Cloud, and among the Hunkpapas, was Sitting ull, who together with Crazy Horse of the Oglalas, would make history in 1876 at Little ig Horn (rown 10).

After years of broken promises, conflicts and massacres, came the Treaty of Fort Laramie, said to be the most important document in the history of Indian-white relations on the Great Plains (Marrin 94). The treaty basically set aside a Great Sioux Reservation on all of present-day South Dakota west of the Missouri River up to and including the lack Hills, and barred all whites except government officials from the reservation and from a vast "unceded" territory lying between the lack Hills and ighorn Mountains (Marrin 94). Under the treaty, these lands belonged to the Lakota "forever" unless three-quarters of the tribes' men agreed to…

Bibliography

American History since 1865: Wounded Knee

1988. The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Retrieved October 14, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.

Amerman, Stephen Kent.

2003. Let's get in and fight!" American Indian political activism in an urban public school system, 1973. The American Indian Quarterly. June 22. Retrieved October 14, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web sit.

Ethical Obligations

George Tenet and the Last Great Days of the CIA

The face of American politics has changed greatly over past fifteen years. After 9/11 incident, the American version of democracy and the credibility of higher offices of United States has been questioned time and again. Even CIA is not different from any other organization in the machinery of United States government and its integrity and objectivity has been the subject of doubt consistently over past few years. Where CIA has been the questioned repeatedly, so has its former and last DCI, George Tenet. George Tenet has been accused of crossing ethical boundaries and overlapping his ethical obligations with his personal preferences which caused the downfall of CIA as an organization.

During his tenure as CIA's head, George has been praised over time for brining CIA back to the status of fully-functional organization full of motivated employees and has…

References

Gordon, P.D.(2007), The ethics map- a values-based approach to defining ethics and integrity in the public service. Retrieved from  http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/ethicsmap.pdf 

McDougle, M.L. (2007), Understanding and maintaining ethical values in the public sector through an integrated approach to leadership, retrieved from  http://www.ipa.udel.edu/3tad/papers/workshop6/McDougle.pdf 

Menzel, D. (2003). Public administration as a profession: Where do body and soul reside? Public Integrity, 5(3), 239-249.

Waldo, D. (1980). The enterprise of public administration, Chandler and Sharp, Novato, CA.

Nursing Leadership

Batcheller, J.A. (2011). On-boarding and enculturation of new chief nursing officers.

Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(5), 235-239.

This article examines the on-boarding process for new chief nursing officers by examining the onboarding process for 6 new chief nursing officers. The examination is aimed at determining what type of support leaders new to an executive role requires and how to on-board leaders who are experienced, but who are new to a particular organization. The possible implications of this research is that if the on-boarding process is insufficient, then it may contribute to high turnover rates and the short length of chief nursing officer positions.

Carlson, C.L. & Plonczynski, D. (2008). Has the BARRIER cale changed nursing practice? An integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 63(4), 322-333.

This article examines whether the BARRIER cale, which identifies nurses' barriers to using evidence-based practice, contributed to an increase in the use of…

Storch, J., Rodney, P., Pauly, B., & Fulton, T.R., Stevenson, L., Newton, L., & Makaroff,

K. (2009). Enhancing ethical climates in nursing work environments. Retrieved September 27, 2014 from Canadian Nurse website:  http://www.canadian-nurse.com/en/articles/issues/2009/march-2009/enhancing-ethical-climates-in-nursing-work-environments 

The article examines the outcomes of the Leadership for Ethical Policy and Practice, which was a three-year participatory action research survey aimed at nurses, managers, and other team members. The respondents found that nurse leader support was a critical component when enacting ethical leadership initiatives. They also found that an ethical leadership model resulted in higher levels of job-related satisfaction at all levels of the healthcare management team.

Civil War Freedmen: Freedmen's Bureau ecords In The Aftermath

In the years following the American Civil war, fought between 1961 and1965, many freedmen lost their homes, got separated from their families, and lost all claim to the little property they had. Although nearly four million slaves were freed, towns and cities in the region lay in ruins and the economy was destroyed. Faced with the challenge of restoring social order and providing assistance to the distressed freedmen, the U.S. government came up with the Freedmen's Bureau, also known as the Bureau of efugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands. Established in March 1965 by President Abraham Lincoln, the main aim of this Bureau was to provide relief effort to the former slaves from the south; and to facilitate the social reconstruction that would make the freedmen full citizens. The Bureau also helped them reunite with families, purchase land, establish schools, and even…

Reference

The Valley of the Shadow (1865-1870). Freedmen's Bureau Records: Race Relation, Family, Education. The Aftermath. Retrieved 9 April 2015 from  http://vshadow.vcdh.virginia.edu/fbureau/bureau_topics_race.html

Guerrilla Government and Waldo's Map of Ethical Obligations of a Public Servant

Public administrators are frequently faced with conflicting interests that demand a subjective analysis that can lead to suboptimal outcomes unless their professional obligations are taken into account. To gain some additional insights into these issues, this paper provides an explanation of the Nevada Four guerrillas' competing obligations using Waldo's map of ethical obligations of a public servant. An explanation concerning the impact of the guerrillas' actions on the individuals involved, the organization, and public policy is followed by a discussion concerning this author's disagreement with their actions and why.

eview and Discussion

The term "guerrilla government" is used to describe actions that are taken by career public servants that are contrary to the policies of their superiors for various reasons, primarily because they are dissatisfied with these policies but other reasons play a role as well (O'Leary, 2014).…

References

Cooper, T.L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). New York, NY: Jossey-Bass.

Chapter 8, "Safeguarding Ethical Autonomy in Organizations: Dealing with Unethical Superiors and Organizations" (pp. 197 -- 239)

O'Leary, R. (2014). The ethics of dissent: Managing guerrilla government (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: CQ Press.

Chapter 2, "Guerrilla Government and the Nevada Wetlands"

Limited the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the President and Congress in the Late 19th Century

In the nineteenth century, the American government saw many Americans worry about the responsiveness, complexity, or size of their democracy. Having this perspective in mind, the American government of the nineteenth century was small and orderly, having a great machine that oversaw the state at night and held in check by the yeoman citizenry. Moreover, the lines of authority were overlapping where the federal structure took measures to ensure that the national government and the states each had their precise and respective orbits. As such, the structures ensured that the federal government remained small and limited. The little system of regulations precluded the emergence of the sprawling regulatory state having a cacophony of interest groups that competed, the bureaucrats were unresponsive, the politicians were ambitious, and citizen-clients. In summary, the idealized image of the nineteenth…

Works Cited:

Carlson, Bernard. Technology and America as a Consumer Society, 1870-1900. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, 2007. Print.

Eric, Arneson. American Workers and the Labor Movement in the Late Nineteenth Century. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, 2007. Print.

Glaeser, Edward, and Goldin, Claudia. Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America's Economic History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Print.

Johnson, Kimberley. Governing the American State: Congress and the New Federalism, 1877-1929. Princeton University Press, 2006. Print.

The Evolution of American Identity Through Literature
The diversity within the American experience, and as well within the canon of American literature, precludes the possibility of singling out two or even ten of the novels, poems, or short stories that best encapsulate what it means to be American. From the colonial and early national era and the fledgling formation of national identity through the struggles of emancipation from slavery and transcendentalism, onwards to the industrial and capitalist eras, American literature has provided an accurate reflection of the lives of individuals and communities that comprise life in different regions of the country. Geographic and cultural differentiations also help to expand what it means to be American, taking into account race, class, gender, and generation. Threads that tie together Americans throughout time and in spite of radical differences in worldview include staunch independence and self-reliance, coupled with a profound optimism. Trust in…

This is to have succeeded." In his poem, there is not one word talking about the things a person has or does not have. This kind of definition is one that allows for everyone to be a success. Even my auntie could be a success since she always makes us laugh, she makes us pick up trash in the park that is not even ours, and she always helps her old neighbor. She does make the world better and she laughs and she sees beauty in things most kids would not look at. It makes a lot of sense that if we want to live in a world where people are appreciated for being good then we should look at success as more than about the price of someone's purse or jeans. We should care if they are like my auntie, not like Paris Hilton.

Another part of success that…

References

Edison, T. (2010, April 5). Success quotes. Living Your Best Life.

Emerson, R.W. (n.d.). Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Retrieved April 8, 2010, from Literature Network.

Fritz, M. (n.d.). 21 ways to a more successful career. Retrieved from Belief.net.

Goethe, G. (n.d.). Growth and Leadership. Business Know How. Retrieved April 9, 2010.

But this experience does allow him to make the case that all men should at least seek themselves, however the shape of their respective lives allow this. This is the universality that permeates the transcendental movement and touches on the romanticism of poet alt hitman. Like Emerson, his work would reflect a distinctly American mode of individualism. It would be from this spirit that he would draw on his own experiences as having some meaning beyond his own identity. e find immediately that hitman's work as deeply progressive for its time. From a literary and philosophical perspective, its willingness to reflect on the soul with abstraction and metaphor would show hitman's work to be bold in its expressive liberties. A 'problem' to be construed by the individual reader emerges from this liberty with respect to traditional definitions of the 'soul' in western literature and hitman's more elaborate understanding of the…

Works Cited:

Davis, T. (2007). Formalism, Experience and the Making of American Literature in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press.

Emerson, R.W. (2009). Nature (EBook #29433). Project Gutenberg.

Whitman, W. (1855). Song of Myself. Leaves of Grass.

Finally, the sestet ends with a question about whether any moral lessons can be learned from this little scene in nature: "[w]hat but design of darkness to appall/if design govern in a thing so small." In other words, the speaker is asking whether he should even try to draw any conclusions from the spider's destruction of the beautiful moth.

The final lines of the poem not only call into question the beneficence of nature; they also call into question the ability of human beings to draw lessons from nature. (Bagby, pp. 73-74). Ultimately, the poem raises questions about the Darwinian metaphor more than it does about the Darwinian theory. (Hass, p. 62). Frost is trying to suggest that there is a limit to what human beings can learn from nature and to their ability to draw their own moral lessons from it.

In the final analysis, "Design" is a poem…

Works Cited

Bagby, George F. Frost and the Book of Nature. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993.

Burt, Stephen & Mikics, David. The Art of the Sonnet. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2010.

Cramer, Jeffrey S. Robert Frost Among His Poems: A Literary Companion to the Poet's Own Biographical Contexts and Associations. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., Inc., 1996.

Frost, Robert. "Design," Rpt. In the Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Allison Booth, et al. Shorter 9th ed. W.W. Norton & Company. New York, 2005. 810.

Mr. Hooper states that he is no better or worse than the other members of his community, who he believes also harbor secret sins, even though they act as though they do not. The anti-Transcendentalist concept, like Transcendentalism, suggests that society harbors a false surface, but it believes this is due to an innate sinfulness of humankind, not because human beings outside of society are better.

Anti-transcendentalists believed that humans are hypocrites, and removing social constrictions will not heal the sins of humanity. Mr. Hooper, unlike Emerson's joyful sense of solitude in nature also experiences his isolation as a penance. He chooses to punish himself, not to gain a more positive sense of his inner self, but to fully understand and apprehend its sinfulness. Another key concept of Transcendentalism is the idea that a person's inner life is more important than their social, outer life. However, in Mr. Hooper's estimation,…

Works Cited

Brulatour, Meg. "Heaven on Earth: The Legacy of 19th Century Transcendentalism as an Ecumenical Philosophy of Nature." American Transcendentalist Web 1999

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "The Minister's Black Veil." E-text available from  http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=HawMini.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=1&division=div1

The first is based on actual political rights and the second is based on a sense of idealism about those rights.

Critical Summaries

Zakaras has his own set of theories about individuality and democracy, some of which merge with Kateb's and Emersons, and some of which diverge. The concept in which all three of these authors (Zakaras, Kateb and Emerson) seem to be in the greatest alignment is self-reliance. Each of these authors appears to view self-reliance as the ultimate source of freedom.

Patell lauds Kateb and Emerson for their ability to distinguish between true individuality and democracy and idealized individuality and democracy. He agrees with Kateb that true individuality cannot be fully ripened until these two distinctive worlds are merged.

Explanation

I found the Zarakas source in the local library. I looked up the name of Kateb's essay in the database and was directed to this book. Zarakas' book…

Question #4)

Thoreau argues that his solitude does not equal loneliness. First, Thoreau describes the brilliance of his relationship with plants, animals, and the elements. Second, Thoreau comments on the connections he maintains with the world outside of Walden Pond, as visitors frequent the house to leave cards, flowers, and gifts in support of his endeavor. Finally, Thoreau feels paradoxically less lonely when he is alone: "I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude."

Question #5

In the opening chapter of Thoreau's conclusion to Walden Pond, the author notes, "The universe is wider than our views of it." One of the reasons Thoreau leaves Walden is because the experiment has increased his appreciation for the vastness and the beauty of the world. He leaves because Walden Pond has inspired him to go out into the world and apply what he learned during the experiment. He explicitly states…

This essentially means breaking large jobs down into tiny jobs done by expert people. Frederick Taylor's scientific management methods called for optimizing the way that tasks were performed and simplifying the jobs enough so that workers could be trained to perform their specialized sequence of motions in the one best way. This also fits into the classic organization theory by once again referring to a group of expert people doing one job to the best of their ability.

Question 12

Three levels of ethics (of the four) noted in the text include: professional ethics, organizational ethics, and social ethics. Explain each of these forms of ethics. Use examples as needed, to clarify your responses.

Professional ethics consists of the rules of what professionals should and should not do. Being a professional often comes with authority and power. A client often places trust in a professional on the basis that the…

As William Henry Davies would have averred, "… we have no time to stand and stare…" Frost describes, at length, how a young boy might have enjoyed himself swinging along the boughs. Certainly, one boy might have not been able to have bent several boughs. Frost does realize the cause of the bending of the boughs. It is the weight of the ice that collects on the boughs that causes them to bend. But a man can wish, can't he?

In "Mending Walls," Frost celebrates the notion of solitude. He twice mentions, "fences make good neighbors;" this is despite what one hears very often in modern parlance that, one should build bridges, not fences." The poem is interplay between two individuals or two opposing concepts. One is about the protection of one's privacy and the celebration of solitude. The opposing view supports the notion of community living and the need…

In much the same way, environmentalists call forth this shared earth attitude to persuade against water pollution. They advocate against dumping water into oceans, lakes, and streams, suggesting that the corporations who do this do not own the bodies of water or the wildlife that calls the water home. In addition, modern environmentalists ask boat motorists to consider this attitude, as well as visitors to bodies of water who dispose of trash in the water.

Thus, modern environmentalists draw liberally on the shared earth attitude to convince others to take responsible action regarding two of the world's most serious environmental issues. Clearly, this attitude is Emerson's. Emerson stated that, while he can walk by each farm, identifying its owner, he cannot truly say that any one specific person owns the land. Instead, the land is not something that can be transferred simply through deed. Because it is not something that…

Works Cited

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Nature." American Transcendentalism Web. n.d. American

Transcendentalism Web. 17 March 2009.

I prefer lying down on my back, with my feet flat on the ground and my knees up in the air, although I have done the same basic technique sitting up as well. I close my eyes and consciously relax every part of my body, starting with my toes and working my way up, through the legs, hips, torso, arms, neck and even face. At the same time, I try to stop regulating my breathing. Every time I do this, without exception, I am amazed by the amount I needlessly control my breath. When I am able to consciously relax it, it flows much more smoothly and is far more refreshing and relaxing. This is a very physical manifestation of the ever-present pressure to be something other than who I am. It is something most if not all people experience, and yet something I think most people are totally unaware…

To a great degree individual environmentalists, and especially martyrs, those who have lost their lives or liberty are seen by those in the most radical circles as defining members of their group. It is also clear that for the most part individuals in the movement are not recognized as such, excluding public figures such as former vice president Al Gore, who just received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on climate change ("Al Gore" 21) or the frequent Green Party presidential candidate Ralph Nader, an ardent environmentalist.

Hentoff 19)

orks Cited

Al Gore." estern Mail (Cardiff, ales) 13 Feb. 2007: 21.

Baird, Stephen L. "Climate Change: A Runaway Train?. The Human Species Has Reshaped Earth's Landscapes on an Ever-Larger and Lasting Scale." The Technology Teacher 66.4 (2006): 14.

Environmentalism." The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2004.

Crichton, Michael. "Environmentalism as Religion Run Amok." USA Today (Society for the Advancement of…

Works Cited

Al Gore." Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales) 13 Feb. 2007: 21.

Baird, Stephen L. "Climate Change: A Runaway Train?. The Human Species Has Reshaped Earth's Landscapes on an Ever-Larger and Lasting Scale." The Technology Teacher 66.4 (2006): 14.

Environmentalism." The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2004.

Crichton, Michael. "Environmentalism as Religion Run Amok." USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education) 132.2706 (2004): 22.

Like Emerson, hitman found beauty symbols of American future progress, even in industrial America and standardized and homogenized modern progress like the "Locomotive in inter": "For once come serve the Muse and merge in verse, even as here I see thee," cries hitman, celebrating the terrible, beautiful, awesome power of the moving train cars. hitman finds inspiration in the man-made device, as well as terror. He optimistic, like Emerson, in this poem about the possibility of progress to create something exciting, but hitman is more tolerant of ambivalence. Emerson says he is willing to contradict himself, but hitman actually does in spirit, loving the terror of the locomotive, even while he is wary of it, and what it represents.

As a poet, hitman was always aware that paradox is part of human life. Not even nature was perfect. Nature could be terrible, wild, and wonderful, unlike the natural and quieter…

Works Cited

Whitman, Walt. "The Dalliance of the Eagles." Full e-text 31 May 2007.  http://www.cs.rice.edu/~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/268.html 

Whitman, Walt. "To a Locomotive in Winter." Full e-text 31 May 2007.  http://www.web-books.com/classics/Poetry/anthology/Whitman/ToLocomotive.htm 

Whitman, Walt. "One's-self I Sing" Full e-text 31 May 2007. http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/logr/log_001.html

Whitman, Walt. "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer." Full e-text 31 May 2007.  http://quotations.about.com/cs/poemlyrics/a/When_I_Heard_Th.htm

... further, that it would be only a question of time until the entire Pacific coast region would be controlled by the Japanese.' Yet Japan's ultimate aim was not limited to California or the Pacific Coast but was global domination achieved through a race war. 'It is the determined purpose of Japan,' the report stated, 'to amalgamate the entire colored races of the world against the Nordic or white race, with Japan at the head of the coalition, for the purpose of wrestling away the supremacy of the white race and placing such supremacy in the colored peoples under the dominion of Japan.'

The presence of sizeable numbers of persons of Japanese origin in California and other Western states was seen as but the beginnings of a Japanese attempt to not merely expand territorially into the United States, but to literally substitute the existing racial order with a new scheme…

Bibliography

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001051692 

Asumah, Seth N., and Matthew Todd Bradley. "Making Sense of U.S. Immigration Policy and Multiculturalism." The Western Journal of Black Studies 25, no. 2 (2001): 82+.

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Chang, Gordon H., ed. Morning Glory, Evening Shadow: Yamato Ichihashi and His Internment Writings, 1942-1945. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997.

("House Passes Bill to," 2006, p. A06)

Another general false conception is that "colleges are increasing need-based scholarships as opposed to merit-based scholarships... (however,) the College Board's annual report shows that at the state level, the percentage of merit-based grant aid increased from 10% of all aid during the 1993-1994 academic year to 26% of all aid in 2003-2004." These and other misperceptions, perhaps contribute to the fact most Americans don't pressure legislators to insure college access funding becomes more of a priority. (Chitty, 2006) "Ultimately, if America is going to continue to lead in the global economy, an infusion of public funds into higher education is essential," William Kirwan, chancellor of the University System of Maryland, insists. (Chitty, 2006) "If we in higher education take the lead in cost control, efficiency, and effectiveness, then we're going to have the chance to restore public trust and justify an increase in…

References

Burd, Stephen. (2006). Plenty of Ideas About Student Aid, but No Road Map. Government & Politics Volume 53, Issue 2,-Page A40. Retrieved 4 December 2006 from: bin/printable.cgi?article=  http://chronicle.com/free/v53/i02/02a04001.htm .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109643104

Camara, W.J. & Kimmel, E.W. (Eds.). (2005). Choosing Students: Higher Education Admissions Tools for the 21st Century. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Chitty, Haley. (2006, June 1). "High access, low priority: the rhetoric related to the importance of student aid does not match reality.(FINANCIAL AID)," University Business.

1). hitman is the spokesman of the American soul when he states, "How could I answer the child? I do not know what it is any more than he" (6.2). The American soul is newborn -- without, so it seems, definition.

He guesses that grass might be the symbol of his disposition -- green and growing, youthful and alive; or that it might be "the handkerchief of the Lord / A scented gift and remembrancer designedly dropt, / & #8230;that we may see and remark, and say hose?" (6.4-6). Or it may be that the grass is a symbol of the child, just as the child, according to ordsworth, is father of the man: so too is the grass father of us all -- as we are all part of the same life cycle -- samsara, as Eastern philosophy would call it.

The truth is that the grass is all…

Works Cited

Whitman, Walt. "Song of Myself." Leaves of Grass. Web. 14 Aug 2011.

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Life Imitates

ere all the literary works of Nathaniel Hawthorne compiled into a single manuscript, then appropriately filtered to include only works of prose and fiction, and if an attempt were then made to uncover a single motif spanning through the vast majority of the remaining text, it would read something like the following. A protagonist is haunted by a vague, strangely preternatural feeling of foreboding and doom that eventually manifests itself physically before mortally claiming its victim. Sadly, but not surprisingly so, this motif could also apply to Hawthorne's life. Despite the fact that the author who many have acclaimed as one of the finest in American history enjoyed a celebrated literary career (with a number of impressive, political boons as well), he was never able to fully surmount all of his 'demons' and enjoy the happiness that should have rightfully been his. Instead, the celebrated author…

Works Cited

Cheever, Susan. American Bloomsbury: Louisa May Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau; Their Lives, Their Loves, Their Work. Detroit: Thorndike Press, 2006. Print.

Crews, Frederick. The Sins of the Fathers: Hawthorne's Psychological Themes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. Print

Clark, Nancy. "Nathaniel Hawthorne's Struggle and Romance with Salem." Literary Traveler. n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2011.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Ohio: Ohio State University Press. 1962. Print.