Wall Street Essays (Examples)

Goffer made over $300,000 from the illegal deal. As the case expanded, 13 others were also charged. Altogether, they had acquired approximately $40 million or more in profit during the years 2006-2009 (Krantz). And the list could go on and on.

Conclusion - How Does Illegal Insider Trading Affect the Market and Economy?

Unfair advantage. Violation of transparency. Disruptive of a properly functioning market. Investors no longer invest. It begins with the first one and ends with the last. Trading in the market, whether by a professional or an amateur is based on skill and luck. One investor can perform better in the market because he or she learns how to acquire more skill in analyzing equities. But, if one person has an advantage such as inside corporate information no one else has, and he uses it to trade, he now has an unfair advantage (Heakal).

Transparency is now violated…

Works Cited

Heakal, R. "Defining Illegal Insider Trading." n.d. Forbes Investopedia . 18 December 2009 .

Hoffman, D. "Martha Stewart's Insider Trading Case." 1 July 2007. allbusiness.com. 18 December 2009 .

Krantz, M. "On warpath, SEC charges 11 with illegal insider trading." 15 July 2009. usatoday.com. 18 December 2009 .

ProCon.org. "Should Insider Trading by Congress be Allowed?" 11 August 2009. ProCon.org. 18 December 2009 .

Goldman Case

hat is up with all Street? The Goldman Standard and shaded of Gray

The Goldman Standard and Shades of Gray was a case study which was focused on Goldman Sachs and their impact on the economic system. Goldman has grown large enough in which their operation were capable of affecting the economic structure of our banking system, stock shares, as well as the government to a large extent. The company is obviously profit driven, but to an extent that borders on being ruthless and perpetually greedy for more money and success. Furthermore, Goldman's culture is more "toxic" today than it was in 2005, when they were involved in inflating a housing bubble that would help crash the global economy, or in 2007 and 2008, when they began desperately offloading their housing-related assets to investors who hadn't yet realized the market was going to crash; if there was a…

Works Cited

Antilla, S. (2013, January 8). A case of Wall Street greed gone too far. Retrieved from CNN:  http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/08/opinion/antilla-goldman-stock 

Hamilton, W. (2012, March 14). Exiting Goldman Sachs exec blasts firm's 'toxic,' greedy culture. Retrieved from LA Times:  http://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/14/business/la-fi-mo-goldman-greedy-20120314 

Keltner, D., & Piff, P. (2012, March 16). Greed Prevents Good. Retrieved from The New York Times:  http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/03/15/does-morality-have-a-place-on-wall-street/greed-on-wall-street-prevents-good-from-happening 

Klein, e. (2012, March 15). At Goldman, short-term greed vs. long-term greed. Retrieved from The Washington Post:  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/post/at-goldman-short-term-greed-vs.-long-term-greed/2011/08/25/gIQAxFhhES_blog.html

Even though the housing market is slowing, the article speculates that it may take six to eight months before sellers accept that the market has softened and reduce their prices. This demonstrates the economic theory that the supply relationship is a factor of time. Suppliers do not always react quickly to a change in demand or price, but eventually they must. The article suggests that demand will decline 3.5% next year, but that median home prices will still increase by 5%.

Suppliers are beginning to react to falling demand through a decline in price increases and incentives which are really indirect price decreases. That's why this is referred to as a "cooling off" period in the article which mentions that some condo buyers are being offered a car to make a purchase of a condo. The use of incentives may be viewed by the suppliers as a way to mask…

Bibliography

Arnold, Roger A. (2005) / Economics, 7th Edition; South-Western Publishing.

Hagerty, J.R. And Simon, R. (2005, November 15). Housing market shows further signs of cooling. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from Web site:  http://www.realestatejournal.com/buysell/markettrends/20051115-hagerty.html 

Housing demand is elastic. (2006, March, 8)

 http://www.affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/2006/03/housing_demand.html

Glass Castle, Jeannette alls

There has always been much controversy regarding the relationship between parents and children through the ages. hile some consider that parents are responsible for their children material upbringing and that they need to provide their offspring with the basic needs, others believe that parents primarily need to focus on the intellectual upbringing of their children. Jeannette alls' situation is self-explanatory when considering parents who would rather induce creative thinking in their children instead of trying to provide them with basic needs.

Even with the fact that most people are inclined to associate parents with teachers and children with pupils, the truth is that children can also take on the role of teachers. Through adopting such attitudes they can instruct their parents in regard to their limits and to their responsibilities. The fact that Jeannette's parents, Rex and Rose Mary, attempted to provide their children with a…

Works cited:

Walls, Jeannette, "The Glass Castle," (Simon and Schuster, 2006)

all Street Bailout -- Part II

all Street Bailout

The government-orchestrated bailout of the banks has been hailed and yet also condemned due to its perceived efficacy or lack thereof. Jeffrey Fuhrer suggested a path that was a lot cheaper and perhaps a lot less encouraging and propagating of the bad habits of banks and government entities that led to the crisis. This alternative, of course, was the individual homeowner bailout. Indeed, bailing out homeowners directly would have cost a mere fraction of what it did indeed cost to bail out Citibank, ells Fargo and the other banks. However, neither solution alone has a clear advantage over the other when looking at all relevant circumstances. hile doing a homeowner bailout would have had its merits, doing just the bank or homeowner bailouts individually probably would not have been as effective as doing them both in concert.

Analysis

This report will…

While some may view the bank bailouts as encouraging bad behavior, the money had to be and was paid back. Further, letting the banks fail would have imperiled a lot more bank deposits and assets that belonged to homeowners than would have been savable for a scant fifty billion. Indeed, the same bad consumer behavior that helped feed the mortgage monster would similarly feed runs on banks based on perceptions and hysteria. While the economic conditions of 2007 and 2008 were quite bad, they never approach Great Depression levels. On the same note, while unemployment reached roughly ten percent during the Great Recession, it was 2.5 times that during the Great Depression in the 1930's and the United States economy was quite dismal until the ramp-up during World War II (Perry, and Vernengo). However, when one inserts widespread panic into the equation, the Great Recession could have been a lot, lot worse. If the banking system had not been shored up at all in favor of bailing out only the consumers, it could have been quite cataclysmic because just bailing out the homeowners when the banks are failing due to their own or created problems would have negated much of what a homeowner bailout would have accomplished (Peicuti).

With that said, the housing bubble was not just the fault of the banks and the homeowners who procured the foolish loans had their part as well. A similarity regarding all of the bailouts is that everyone in the chain misbehaved and that includes the federal government, the homeowners and the banks. Indeed, part of the problem that created the housing bubble was improper oversight by the federal government. This oftentimes manifested with near-direct or entirely direct participation and complicity of the federal government. For example, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were not technically part of the government prior to the Great Recession but only in the sense that the United States Postal Service is not part of the federal government either. Referred to as government-serviced enterprises (or GSE's for short), those two entities had to be bailed out to the tune $66 billion had to be paid back to the federal government as those two groups had to be bailed out as well. Just as with AIG and the broader TARP program, all of that money was paid back and with a tidy profit on top of it to boot. The government really has no excuses about Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac going forward as the two groups became part of the federal government via conservatorship in 2008 and they are now federalized agency. There is some talk of those groups being wound down and done away with but that has not happened as of yet (Phillips).

While it may be more attractive to some to help homeowners directly and leave the larger banks hanging, proof of why that is an exceedingly bad idea was easy to spot during the Great Recession when banks were folding left and

Sandra Street by Michael Anthony

Michael Anthony was born in 1930 in Mayaro. His father was Nathaniel Anthony and his mother was Eva Jones Lazarus. The young Michael Anthony was brought up in San Fernando in the busy industrial developmental units of Trinidad of that time. He found himself working in the heat and dust of the foundry even as a young boy and this influenced him into thinking of an entirely different sort of occupation for himself. He started thinking of journalism as a viable option but lacked the necessary qualifications for such a job. Michael Anthony soon traveled to England to work towards a Diploma in journalism. In 1963, he managed to produce his first publication called 'The Games were coming' and thereafter there was no looking back for this talented 'giant' among writers of this generation. (Anthony, Michael. "A Giant among Us")

Michael Anthony's Sandra Street is…

Bibliography

Anthony, Michael. "A Giant among Us." Retrieved at  http://www.nalis.gov.tt/Biography/bio_MichaelAnthony_author-historian.htm . Accessed on 03/22/2004

Deglamorizing American Street Gangs

Social researcher and author Deborah Lamm eisel (2002) says that the glamorized image of the American street gang as drug dealers is not the image that is consistent with historical research (Lamm eisel 75).

The drug gang} is certainly not a typical street gang... They didn't even grow out of a street gang. These kids started out to make money by pedaling crack and that is a very different phenomenon than street gangs (Knox 66) (Lamm eisel 75)."

Lamm eisel has gone back to the essence of the historical gangs that go back to the earliest immigrants who carved out sections of neighborhoods for themselves using coercion and violence to maintain territorial boundaries. However, it is easy to disagree with Knox, because for decades now street gangs have been associated with the violence and trafficking of illegal drugs.

In a journal article by John M. Hagedorn…

Works Cited

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=111541618 

Contemporary Gangs: An Organizational Analysis. New York: LFB Scholoarly Publishing, 2002. Questia. 14 May 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=111541620 .

Coppola, Francis Ford (dir). The Godfather, motion picture. Paramount Pictures (1972), USA.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5017029131

Ann Petry's "The Street": A novel in the American naturalistic tradition

Ann Petry's "The Street" is a story about Lutie Johnson, an intelligent, strong, and beautiful black woman who does her best to raise an eight-year-old son as a single parent, advance in her job, and work her way out of the Harlem streets. Petry uses Lutie Johnson as a medium to explore the limitations of the American capitalist system; the role of race and gender in perpetuating violence, poverty and failure; and the societal restrictions that restrict and oppress the female gender, especially black women. To quote Shannon Cate:

Ann Petry challenges the ideology of American capitalism, asking how a poor, Black woman can possibly attain the social and economic fulfillment promised by a bourgeois value system. The text depicts the struggle of a Black heroine who uncritically accepts America's sacrificial work ethic, radical individualism and cult of womanhood…

Works Cited

Cate, Shannon. "Mothers and Markets: Ideological Experimentation in Ann Petry's The Street." [Im]positions, Issue # 1, December 1996. URL: D:Ann PetryMothers and Markets.htm

Condon, Garret. "Ann Petry." Northeast magazine. Nov. 8, 1992. URL: D:Ann PetryProfiles in Connecticut Black History.htm

Hakutani, Yoshinobu and Butler, Robert. Introduction. "The City in African-American Literature." Associated University Press, 1995

Holladay, Hilary. Ann Petry, 1996

House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros [...] theme of search for self-definition. The protagonist of this novel, Esperanza, narrates a series of "chapters" concerning her life, her world, and the barrio as she sees it happening around her. Throughout the book, as Esperanza watches the world, she struggles to discover just who she is, and where she fits in the world around her. This self-definition is a compelling theme of the novel, but it also shows the difficulties many young Latinas face as they come of age in America.

Published in 1984, many critics believe "The House on Mango Street" is one of the best Chicana stories written. Author Sandra Cisneros writes with knowledge and pathos of growing up Latina in America because she herself experienced the difficulties of growing up in multi-cultural family. Her mother is Mexican-American and her father is Mexican, and she spent her childhood "commuting"…

References

Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Contemporaries, 1991.

Eysturoy, Annie O. Daughters of Self-Creation: The Contemporary Chicana Novel. 1st ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996.

Kevane, Bridget. Latino Literature in America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003.

The parking lot is also visible, so I get to see people taking their laundry in and out of the building. Some people use baskets and others use pillowcases, garbage bags, and even boxes. All kinds of people wash their clothes there. I see people ranging from bikers to mothers with children. The city changes when it rains, at least from this perspective. The buildings simply do not look good against the grey. Some views are stunning with dark clouds looming overhead but not this place. The buildings across the two-way street are simply too close for comfort and rain falling only seems to make me feel claustrophobic. Winter can be dreary, too. While winter is bad everywhere, it is worse here because the effect of the weather are within close proximity of the window. In fact, the window is always more neglected in the winter. The bottom is always…

As a result: "In 1940, just 16% of Americans invested in stocks. Now over 50% do -- thanks to the explosion of 401(k) plans, the wide availability of mutual funds, lower trading costs, and accessible research." would call Charles Merrill a leader rather than a manager, although it is likely that he was a strong manager of his organization as well. But he was a leader because he led his industry in a whole new direction, and changed that industry permanently in the process. According to Leadership vs. management (April 14, 2004), Charles Merrill was not just a leader of an organization; he was a leader of change within his entire industry:

www.1000ventures.comLeadership is about getting people to abandon their old habits and achieve new things, and therefore largely about change - about inspiring, helping, and sometimes enforcing change in people. "While there can be effective management absent ideas, there…

References

Cohen, W. (2003). Got vision? The stuff of heroes newsletter. 12(1) Retrieved April 14,2004, at  http://www.stuffofheroes.com/Vol.%201,%20No.%2012.htm 

Leadership vs. management. (April 14, 2004). The business e-coach. Retrieved April 22, 2005, at  http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/leadership_vs_mgmt.html " / crosscuttings/leadership_vs_mgmt.html.

Film Interests

Choose a Film Interests

Isolate a specific issue, case, problem, or scenario related to business, politics, leadership, advertising, marketing, or ethics in the film.

In the movie Wall Street, there is a focus on a number of issues to include: business, marketing and ethics. What happened is Bud Fox is an up and coming broker who will do anything to be successful. This is when he meets Gordon Gecko, who encourages Fox to become creative in the investment advice that he is providing (by obtaining inside information). The impact is that Fox quickly become corrupted by the easy money and fast life of Gecko's world. Once he realizes that Gecko is using him for his own personal benefits, is when he begins to face legal troubles (with him being arrested for insider trading). After wearing a wire and recording Gecko's involvement is when Fox goes to court. The…

Reference

Wall Street. (2012). IMBD. Retrieved from:  http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094291/ 

Newkirk, T. (1998). Insider Trading. SEC. Retrieved from:  http://www.sec.gov/news/speech/speecharchive/1998/spch221.htm

Mollie's Job

The viewpoint expressed in (b) is the closest to the way this paper will be presented. Indeed the roles that all Street (profit first, workers be damned) and the U.S. government played in this nonfiction book are the main reasons why Mollie's job was moved first to Mississippi and then to Mexico. To be sure, this sad legacy could have ended up with a more positive result for Mollie and a less negative result for the Mexican worker, Balbina Duque.

In fairness, statement (a) also has a ring of truth since the way corporations are moving jobs to cheaper locations (like China, where Apple employs many thousands of workers at low wages to assemble the iPads and other technologies) is good for business. But (a) is "not for the best" when it comes to corporate behaviors creating an inevitability that good people like Mollie and other hard-working employees…

Works Cited

Adler, William M. (2000). Mollie's Job: A Story of Life and Work on the Global Assembly

Line. New York: Touchstone Book / Simon & Schuster.

Defense of the Fed's New Interest-ate Policy, which was published by The Wall Street Journal on January 6th, 2013, financial reporters Frederic S. Mishkin and Michael Woodford carefully craft a justification of the Federal eserve's latest revision to its federal-funds rate target. The purpose of the article is to inform readers about the Fed's recent Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), which resulted in the decision to keep the federal-funds rate near zero with a contingency based on the national unemployment and inflation rates. By linking the federal-funds rate target to a baseline of 6.5% unemployment, and a predicted rate of 2.5% inflation, while also providing public notice regarding its previously private policy criteria, the Fed is renewing its efforts to stabilize an economy battered by a prolonged recession. As Mishkin and Woodford state in the article, this "commitment not to raise rates in the future as soon as might have…

References

Mishkin, F.S., & Woodford, M. (2013, January 06). In defense of the fed's new interest-rate policy. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324274404578211832381399400.html 

Yoon, A. (2013, January 28). Private mortgage market gains momentum after the crisis. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from  http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20130128 - 711413.html

t is explained that the "fiscal cliff" itself refers to the end of Bush-era tax cuts and large spending cuts that will occur at the end of the year if Congress can't agree on a way to cut $1.2 trillion in debt over the next decade. This would lead to income tax and payroll tax increases for almost everyone, with an immediate negative impact on spending and thus on the economy, and with a rising unemployment rate through 2013. The article also cites Ben Bernanke as saying the Fed would not be able to counter or even effectively mitigate the effects of going over this cliff, yet the politics will have to play out before any action is taken by anyone.

lluminating the issue still further, John D. McKinnon, Kristina Peterson, and Josh Mitchell's "Most Households Face 'Fiscal Cliff'" from the November 21st edition of the Wall Street Journal present…

Illuminating the issue still further, John D. McKinnon, Kristina Peterson, and Josh Mitchell's "Most Households Face 'Fiscal Cliff'" from the November 21st edition of the Wall Street Journal present personal stories that typify the impact the fiscal cliff would have for people on various rungs of the socioeconomic ladder. Describing the various tax increases and other effects of the fiscal cliff in general terms first, this article then gives an example of an individual that meets the general description for every basic income/economic bracket identified. A human face is put on the numbers and the rhetoric that have been occupying many headlines and stories in the news over the past months, making the subject more accessible.

The same edition contained another story by Jon Hilsenrath, "Fed Still Trying to Push Down Rates," which details Bernanke's pledge to try to keep interest rates low through 2013 to stimulate the economy. Background information on ongoing unemployment and the dangers of the fiscal cliff are given, and also provides some history of central banks responding to legislative efforts in a spirit of cooperation but not coercion. The article also cites Bernanke's repeated warnings regarding the fiscal cliff and other fiscal policies that portend danger to the U.S. economy (and to the world economy at large), and the need to move beyond partisan politics to arrive at real and lasting solutions for the economy.

These articles demonstrate the ongoing problems faced in the current U.S. economy and contended with by agencies such as the Fed and large government bodies such as Congress. The individual personalities involved also appear to be of importance, and possibly of great hindrance.

Hometown Deli -- Environmental Analysis

The Hometown Deli was established by grandfather in 1952 in our hometown. The Deli has a product mix that consists of many different kinds of specialized coffees, teas, a full service bakery, homemade soups, sandwiches, and salads. The Deli has been a local hotspot for many years and has served as a community gathering place. Unfortunately, business has been steadily declining over the last five years and there has been rumors emerge that another Deli, Wall Street Deli, might enter the market as a local competitor. Although grandfather was an expert at running the deli, it lacks any modernization and many of the orders were previously taken with pen & paper or even just memory; the Deli essentially still operates the same as it did in 1952. This analysis will be comprised of a Porter's Five Forces analysis that will help the Deli kwon more…

Mill and U.S. Constitution

None of the issues being raised today by the Occupy all Street (OS) movement are new, but rather they date back to the very beginning of the United States. At the time the Constitution was written in 1787, human rights and civil liberties were far more constrained than they are in the 21st Century. Only white men with property had voting rights for example, while most states still had slavery and women and children were still the property of fathers and husbands. Only very gradually was the Constitution amended to grant equal citizenship and voting rights to all, and even the original Bill of Rights was added only because the Antifederalists threatened to block ratification. In comparison, the libertarianism of John Stuart Mill in his famous book On Liberty was very radical indeed, even in 1859 much less 1789. He insisted that individuals should be left…

WORKS CITED

Dahl, Robert Alan. How Democratic is the American Constitution? Yale University Press, 2003.

Kaplan, Lawrence. S. Alexander Hamilton: Ambivalent Anglophile. Scholarly Resources, Inc., 2002.

Main, Jackson Turner. The Antifederalists: Critics of the Constitution, 1781-1788. University of North Carolina Press, 1989, 2004.

Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. London, 1859.

As governments continue to print money, the relative value of this money will continue to decline, ultimately harming the consumers it was intended to help. Furthermore, this low interest rate environment is harming those who depend on their savings to generate income. With interest rates at record lows, and savings accounts generating very little income, inflation will erode the purchasing power of these savings (obert, 1988). Inflation could further erode an already shrinking middle class. The median income as I indicated earlier is already shrinking. Further constriction of purchasing power would cause more damage to the confidence of consumers and their willingness to purchase goods and services.

Part 2

ead CNN article DUG_TESTING_GOES_OFFSHOE and summarize:

What you think are the advantages and disadvantages of offshoring some of these trials?

Many of the advantages of drug testing offshore correspond directly with the advantages of globalization within a market economy. First, drug…

References:

1) Robert J. Gordon (1988), Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, 2nd ed., Chapter 22.4, 'Modern theories of inflation'. McGraw-Hill.

2) Tobin, James, American Economic Review, march (1969), "Inflation and Unemployment

Sorkin, however, posits no argument per se. ather, his book offers insight into how the financial crisis manifested from a far more personal perspective of those involved than anything else. The book is informative in nature, and give insight into some of the thought processes and activities those on the outside may not otherwise be exposed to or privy to. The title of the book sums it up best, and the book outlines how the banks and the primary players and stakeholders have become too big to fail. The book highlights the self-interest of those in charge of some of the biggest financial institutions in the world and their blatant disregard for Main Street.

The book has a place in the larger academic debates raised within public knowledge because it adds to the public's real knowledge of those involved in the nation's financial industry and government offices. Instead of speculating…

References

Cassidy, J. (2008). Anatomy of a meltdown, New Yorker, 84(39), 1-756.

Cherry, C. (1998). God's new Israel: Religious interpretations of American destiny.

UNC Press Books.

Cohan, W. (2010, Nov. 27). The power of failure. New York Times. Retrieves from www.thenewyorktimes.com.

What the Occupy Wall Street movement is doing, is questioning the entire system itself.

A good example of this can be seen with the Occupy Wall Street Oakland chapter. What happened was the city had removed their camp near City Hall Plaza. This is in response to reports of: deaths, drug use and unsanitary conditions. At the same time, the resources of the police department were stressed to the point that they were unable to deal with possible issues affecting the safety of the community. This is when the police raided the encampment and dispersed the protestors from the area. In response to what was happening, the Oakland chapter decided to begin occupying foreclosed homes and privately owned vacant lots near City Hall Plaza. As, they are trying to illustrate how: the risky activities of bankers contributed to the financial crisis by staying in these locations. This is significant, because…

Bibliography

About. (2011). Occupy Wall Street. Retrieved from:  http://occupywallst.org/about/ 

Bailout Statistics. (2009). Capt Karl. Retrieved from: http://captkarl.blogivists.com/2009/01/22/bank-bailout-statistics-the-score-board/

Just 21% Favor GM Bailout Plan. (2009). Rasmussen Reports. Retrieved from:  http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/business/auto_industry/may_2009/just_21_favor_gm_bailout_plan_67_oppose 

Organizational Symbols and Culture. (n.d.).

demographics of the associated publication and assess the tone and style of the article as it compares to the demographics given. The author of this report has done this and several things become quite apparent. It is obvious that the words and style used in the article are closely linked to the audience to which it is aimed and this manifests itself in a number of ways.

Style Linked to Demographics

In looking at the demographics of the Wall Street Journal, it is quite obvious that the publication caters to people that are investors, that are more educated, that are more affluent and that are the decision-makers at their jobs. This is quite obvious in seeing that 10% of Wall Street Journal readers are top management personnel, 25% are decision makers and nearly a third of the readership makes more than $100k a year. Nearly a tenth of the readership…

References

Lublin, J.S. (2011, August 11). How to Look and Act Like a Leader - WSJ.com. The Wall Street Journal - Breaking News, Business, Financial and Economic News,

World News & Video - Wall Street Journal - Wsj.com. Retrieved September 8,

2013, from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904140604576498380000356032.html 

WSJ.com. (2013, September 7). Wall Street Journal Online Demographics. Wall Street

The Greenwood neighborhood was literally, an ash heap. ut rebuild they did. The tightness of the community returned -- most say it never left -- and their religious faith kept them going. They returned as well to all of the values, traditions, and morals they held before the riot. With the support of each for their neighbor, slowly, it happened.

Today

It became the "New Orleans" of Oklahoma during the 1920's with its jazz and blues music pumping out of saloons all along the Greenwood thoroughfare. y the 1960s, however, much of the population had moved away and the area became distressed. Urban renewal in the 1970s replaced part of the area with a highway loop. Several blocks of the old neighborhood were saved and became the Greenwood Historical District. A park and cultural center honor the Tulsa Race Riot, and the Chamber of Commerce plans a larger museum to…

Bibliography

Childs, R.E. "Black Wall Street." logicalthinker.tripod.com. http://logicalthinker.tripod.com/blackwall1.html (accessed September 7, 2009).

Davis, Kenneth C. Don't Know Much About History. New York: Harper Collins, 2003.

Ellsworth, S. Death in a Promised Land: The Tulsa race riot of 1921. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 1992.

Gates, Eddie Faye. "Oral History Accounts of the Tulsa Riot of 1921 by Black Survivors." Tulsa Reparations.  http://www.tulsareparations.org/Vignettes.htm  (accessed September 6, 2009).

Beyond that, however, some lessons about organizational structure, values, and business models can also be gleaned from Lewis' work. Without a careful and purposeful control of operations to maintain their professionalism and ethicality, and without a strong indicator of ethical values and their importance at the top of an organization, the lower levels of the organization are all but certain to devolve into a chaos that brings out the lowest common denominators in human behavior.

As Lewis notes in a later rumination about his book, however, these lessons don't really appear to have been learned. The fact that CEOs at Wall Street investment firms still have massive (actually, far more massive) salary and benefits packages as did their 1980 counterparts while still failing to appreciate the risks that their investors are taking or the reasons (or lack of reason) that exist behind those risks has made Lewis' book "quaint" in…

References

Lewis, M. (1990). Liar's Poker. New York: Penguin.

Magee, C. (2008). Dealing another hand of Liar's Poker. Accessed 2 December 2010.  http://www.themillions.com/2008/11/dealing-another-hand-of-liar-poker_9727.html

But amid the celebration, crucial opportunities have been lost: In September 2009, the "inspector general for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, a k a, the bank bailout fund, released his report on the 2008 rescue of the American International Group, the insurer. The gist of the report is that government officials made no serious attempt to extract concessions from bankers, even though these bankers received huge benefits from the rescue. And more than money was lost. By making what was in effect a multibillion-dollar gift to all Street, policy makers undermined their own credibility -- and put the broader economy at risk" (Krugman 2009). Many banks have given back their TARP funds, in exchange for the ability to once again engage in risky activities, to pay traders the bonuses they desire, and to pay executives what seems to be overinflated compensation. In June ten of the largest recipients of aid,…

Works Cited

Cohan, William. "A tsunami of greed." The New York Times. March 11, 2009.

December 8, 2009.

 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/12/opinion/12cohan.html 

"Credit Crisis." Special feature. The New York Times. Last September 22, 2009.

American Business Culture in Novel and Film -- all Street, Martha Stewart, and a Cookbook Mix of Greed and Gracious Living

Perhaps the quintessential film about American business culture is Oliver Stone's 1987 drama "all Street." The film's infamous Gordon Gekko, as portrayed by Michael Douglass, is shown as a hollow charlatan whose ethos that "greed is good" highlights the corruption of American business culture. However, quite often, breaches of American business ethics are not nearly so obvious. The protagonist of the film, as portrayed by Charlie Sheen, is a callow and easily corrupted young man, eager to make money, and easily swayed by the promises of American capitalism.

However, although the general American business culture's lack value of ethics may 'feel' accurately portrayed in the film, in reality, quite often a lack of ethical norms is not quite so raw nor so obvious on all Street. Business people's reasons…

Works Cited

Elias, Paul. (April 19, 2004). "ImClone Stock Passes Pre-Scandal Levels." AP Wire. Accessed on April 24, 2004 at  http://aolsvc.news.aol.com/business/article.adp?id=20040419173809990012 

Harrigan, Susan. (July 2, 20040. "When Greed is Good Gone Wrong." The Baltimore Sun. Accessed on April 24, 2004 at  http://www.baltimoresun.com/features/bal-greed02,0,7607649.story 

Status of Corporate Scandals." AOL News. (April 24, 2004) Accessed on April 24, 2004 at  http://aolsvc.news.aol.com/business/article.adp?id=20040305155809990005 

Wall Street." (1987) Directed by Oliver Stone.

obert omano on the TV show "E (obbins, 2005).

The metaphorical significance of greed in combination with selfishness, as currently mistaken for these two disorders combined, and its identification with social, economic, cultural, along with even religious status mistakes CEOs, media giants, and fortunate investors for people with this psychological disorder. In some cases, symbolic of praise; in others, disdain. The psychoanalytic explanation of greedy behavior further misleads people, who misunderstand greedy diplomatic, corporate, and political leaders, with those symptomatic of a disorder in need of treatment. At times the study of its insidious consequences on the self and on society drives a standard of hatred applicable to both.

Conclusion

Applicable Approach: Psychoanalytic Therapy

Clients interested in psychoanalysis must be willing to commit to an intensive and long-term therapy process. The intent of psychoanalytic therapy is to allow access to the unconscious as a source of conflicts and motivations. The…

References

Hiles, D.R. (2009) http://www.psy.dmu.ac.uk/drhiles/pdf's/Hiles%20(2009)%20Envy%20Paper%20(CCPE%20-%2009).pdf" Envy, Jealousy, Greed: A Kleinian approach. Paper presented to CCPE, London.

Winnicott, D.W. (1963) The Development of the matter of concern. In: The Maturational

Process and the Facilitating Environment: Studies in the theory of emotional development. Hogarth Press.

Robbins, MD Lawrence. Personality Disorders. November 2005.

Artificial Intelligence

hat is AI?

Future of AI

The Expert System

hat is an Expert System?

Three Major Components of an Expert System

Structure of an Expert System

Neural network

Fuzzy Logic

Chaos Engineering

Field and Benefit

Debate on Comparison

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Expert System Defined

Consulting applies a knowledge-based system to commercial loan officers using multimedia (Hedburg 121). Their system requires a fast IBM desktop computer. Other systems may require even more horsepower by using exotic computers or workstations. The software used is even more exotic. Considering there are very few applications that are pre-written using AI, each company has to write it's own software to determine the solution to their specific problem.

An easier way around this obstacle is to design an add-on. The company Fuziare has developed several applications which act as additions to larger applications. FuziCalc, FuziQuote, FuziCell, FuziChoice, and FuziCost are all products…

Works Cited

Barron, Janet J. "Putting Fuzzy Logic into Focus." Byte April (1993): 111-118.

Butler, Charles, and Maureen Caudill. Naturally Intelligent Systems. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1990.

Bylinsky, Gene. "Computers That Learn By Doing." Fortune 6 Sep. 1993: 96-102.

Liebowitz, Jay. "Roll Your Own Hybrids." Byte July (1993): 113-115.

studied appeared a business accounting publications. A partial list publications article selected: The Accounting eview, Barrons, Wall Street Journal, Business Week, Fortune, Barrons, and Wall Street Journal.

GAAP article review:

Crovitz, Gordon L. (2008, September 8).Closing the information GAAP. The Wall Street

Journal. etrieved November 22, 2010 at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122083366235408621.html

GAAP article review:

Crovitz, Gordon L. (2008, September 8).Closing the information GAAP. The Wall Street

Journal. etrieved November 22, 2010 at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122083366235408621.html

The Wall Street Journal is famous for its pro-business, conservative editorials. So perhaps it is no surprise that in 2008, Journal editorial writer Gordon L. Crovitz praised the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)'s decision to mandate a shift to international accounting standards, in a phasing out of GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) by 2016 for all U.S. firms. The Journal writer said that this was reflective of the "remarkably quickening pace of acceptance of a true lingua franca for…

Reference

Crovitz, Gordon L. (2008, September 8).Closing the information GAAP. The Wall Street

Journal. Retrieved November 22, 2010 at  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122083366235408621.html 

Gibson, Scott. (2008, October). LIFO vs. FIFO: A return to the basics. RMA Journal. Retrieved November 22, 2010 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/ai_n14897182/

Armour Analysis

Under Armour

The Under Armour company makes sports clothing as well as accessories. It is an American company. It mainly focuses on sportswear of the hi-tech variety that is marketed to professional athletes. However, anyone can buy clothing from the company. It offers sportswear as well as apparel that is more casual, and also started offering footwear only a few years ago. It has won awards, and has many sponsorship deals with everything from Football to Martial Arts. Discussed here will be sales and revenue information, along with financial and market analyses, the opinion of Under Armour on Wall Street, a brand history of the company, and information about one problem the company faces.

Sales

As of fiscal year 2009, Under Armour saw sales revenue of $856 million (Under, 2009). Naturally, that will fluctuate each year with the economy, new products and lines, and other factors that can…

References

Barnett, Gigi. New Under Armour product revealed. WJZ 13 Baltimore. 2008.

Terry, Robert J . Analysts: Brand crossover risky for Under Armour. Baltimore Business Journal. 2010.

Under Armour. 2008 Annual Report. 2009.

business and professional ethics in the movie "all Street." Discussed are the ethical principles that are violated as related to business; how greed is presented as part of American business; Gecko's view; how Buddy reacts and deals with the issues of ethics; how Buddy's view of greed and ethics evolves and changes throughout the film; what is/are the ethical dilemmas he faces and how does he handle them.

all Street, the Movie

Capitalism is said to be the path to the American dream. The barons of the early twentieth century built empires, the majority of which remain major players in the corporate world today. The goal of a capitalist is to make the best product for maximum profit and at the same time sell it at a competitive price to give the consumer the best buy, thus, acing out market competitors. The force behind this is basically self-interest. The American…

Works Cited

Velazquez, Manuel G. Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases. Prentice Hall. 2002.

Stone, Oliver. "Wall Street." 20th Century Fox. 1987.

The proclivity to pass blame between organizational members also suggest an internal cultural shortcoming rooted in an unwillingness to take responsibility for planning failures. This is an unnecessary conflict which is derived from the onus on planning failure and the clear incapacity of the organization to rebound in its wake. This perspective and reality go hand in hand.

So may we observe this from an article regarding Toyota's ongoing struggles and its contingency efforts at damage control. Such a crisis can surely illuminate the behaviors that may be demanded in the face of unexpected planning failures. According to Takahashi (2010), "Toyota Motor Corp. said Friday it will temporarily halt production at its factories in France and the U.K. For a total of at least 12 days from late March, due to weaker demand for its vehicles in the region after a series of global safety recalls. The production suspension coincides…

Works Cited:

BBC News. (2002). Enron Scandal at-a-glance. British Broadcasting Company.

Online at .

Emshwiller, J.R. & Bravin, J. (2010). Justices to Weigh Venue in Skilling Case. Wall Street Journal. Online at  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703940704575089781881501578.html?KEYWORDS=enron 

Pierce, J. & Robinson, R. (2009). Strategic Management, 11th Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Press.

They are definitely a group that is picked for their passion for government affairs and who keep abreast of economic trends that affect the country.

Also, it is not necessarily the case that one who has insider knowledge will necessarily use it. One legislative aide remarked that he bought his shares at 12:50 P.M. On a date well after it was widely reported in the media.

It is extremely important that the Government create regulations to address insider trading. However, it may prove futile to prevent insider trading only, as the real danger of insider knowledge is that it might be passed on to larger groups of investors associated with congressional staff. Considering this, it may be necessary to create a new non-partisan agency to investigate the dealings and associations of congressional staff.

Partly because of the recent financial meltdown and the Government's self-interested response to it, citizen anger and…

Bibliography

Capitol Hill's Stock Trading: What the Academic Research Concludes, OCTOBER 11, 2010. Wall Street Journal.

BRODY MULLINS, TOM MCGINTY and JASON ZWEIG, Congressional Staffers Gain From Trading in Stocks, OCTOBER 11, 2010. Wall Street Journal.

BRODY MULLINS, TOM MCGINTY and JASON ZWEIG, Congressional Staffers Gain From Trading in Stocks, OCTOBER 11, 2010. Wall Street Journal.

Capitol Hill's Stock Trading: What the Academic Research Concludes, OCTOBER 11, 2010. Wall Street Journal.

Over the course of time, assertive laws are evolving which are supposed to deal with any issues quickly. This means that all financial firms will face higher costs and greater amounts of time in complying with these new guidelines. ("Dodd Frank")

Conclusion

Clearly, the Bernard Madoff scandal reshaped investor confidence and the regulatory environment. This is because many of his clients suffered tremendously from the firm's activities. In some cases, individuals were forced to sell their homes. While at other times, many nonprofits were forced into bankruptcy from being overly exposed. This resulted in the trustee utilizing aggressive tactics in recovering assets.

These actions set the stage for regulators, actuaries and fiduciaries to begin taking a more assertive stance when protecting the interests of the public. As a result, much stricter guidelines are being imposed. These areas are impacting the operating procedures of firms and how they are accounting for…

References

"$2.48 Billion." Daily Mail, 2012. Web. 4 Dec. 2012

"Dodd Frank." SEC, 2012. Web. 4 Dec. 2012

"The Securities and Exchange Commission." SEC, 2012. Web. 4 Dec. 2012

Kirtzman, Andrew. Betrayal. New York: Harper, 2010. Print.

1st Amendment Issues

A highly controversial decision rendered on January 21st of this year by the Supreme Court, affirming the right of corporations and other organizations to enjoy consideration as "persons" and the 1st amendment protections afforded by that status, threatens to undermine the foundation of this country's democratic process. With their closely contested 5-4 decision in the case of Citizens United v. FEC, the high court's conservative members have effectively shattered existing precedent regarding the ability of corporations to channel shareholder funds to political campaigns. In their effort to protect the duly granted right of individuals to contribute money as a form of political speech and expression, the justices in the majority have effectively opened a Pandora's box of unintended consequences. By extending the rights held by individual citizens of this nation to corporate conglomerates and multinational entities, the Roberts court has redefined the menace of judicial activism once…

Business Society and Corporate Values

There has indeed been a great deal of discussion regarding CEO compensation, which is rightly viewed as being completely out of line. The core problem and cause of inflated CEO salaries cannot be attributed to a single reason, but is rather the result of a range of inter-connected factors. What is definitive is the fact that these salaries have inflated over time; this is in part due to the fact that greed is a progressive, boundless factor. "According to the Economic Policy Institute, in the late 1970s, total compensation of chief executives in large American corporations was 35 times that of the average American worker. In 2007, it was 275 times that" (Borger, 2007). These facts alone demonstrate that there is good reason to be in a state of alarm. The reasons for such severely inflated and remarkably unjust salaries are a result of the…

References

Ball, P. (2012, July 4). GlaxoSmithKline's bribes are evidence that Big Pharma isn't working. Retrieved from Guardian.co.uk:  http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/jul/04/glaxosmithkline-big-pharma-not-working 

Borger, J. (2008, September 5). Why do CEOs make so much? Retrieved from Minnpost.com:  http://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2008/09/why-do-ceos-make-so-much 

Boselovic, L. (2011, May 15). Rajaratnam case puts big chill on insider trading. Retrieved from post-gazaette.com:  http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/business/news/rajaratnam-case-puts-big-chill-on-insider-trading-297777/ 

Choudhury, U. (2011, October 14). Rajaratnam becomes a 'whipping boy' for Wall Street misdeeds. Retrieved from firstpost.com:  http://www.firstpost.com/business/rajaratnam-becomes-a-%E2%80%98whipping-boy%E2%80%99-for-wall-street-misdeeds-107346.html

As with any of the big questions worth asking, there is no easy answer to whether the stock market is rigged. The real answer is both yes and no. On the one hand, the market has rules and regulations, oversight boards like the Securities and Exchange Commission, and is open for all investors to participate in on a potentially equal basis. On the other hand, the way the market works is clearly “unfair,” as Tepper puts it (1). Unfairness is built into the system because the actual point of sale is not something the ordinary investor is privy to—meaning the price of stocks is not a true reflection of investor supply and demand. This inherent unfairness built into the process of the stock market is why maverick developers like Brad Katsuyama has developed the IEX (Tepper 1). Abraham points out other reasons why the stock market methodologies remain unfair, “rigged,”…

In case this is not accomplished, once the crisis has passed, the employees will lash out, just like the Indian ones are doing now.

Quote #8: Amy Carr, ed Door Interactive co-founder: "ecruiting, in particular is a pure form of marketing. You're selling the company, qualifying people, and developing relationships." This statement was issued by Amy Car, a former marketing specialist who notes the interrelatedness between the two seemingly different business functions.

Quote #9: Michelle Conlin, Business Week editor: "That's why the next front in the Wellness Wars is not about you. It's about your husband, your wife, and your kids." In a world in which the sedentary life style and the fast food alimentation are making more and more victims, employers strive to motivate the employees to get in better shape and improve their life conditions. As these endeavors have mostly failed, employers now target the family members of…

References:

Adams, S., 2010, Expert tips for using LinkedIn, Forbes,  http://www.forbes.com/2010/07/07/linkedin-advanced-tips-jobs-hiring-leadership-careers-networking.html  last accessed on July 19, 2010

Buchanan, L., 2010, Human resources: generous from get-go, Inc.,  http://www.inc.com/top-workplaces/2010/articles/human-resources.html  last accessed on July 19, 2010

Chandra, M., India Career Journal: angry employees lash back, The Wall Street Journal,  http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/07/08/india-career-journal-angry-employees-lash-back/?KEYWORDS=human+resources  last accessed on July 20, 2010

Conlin, M., 2010, Health care: human resources targets your family, Business Week,  http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_05/b4165067423261.htm  last accessed on July 19, 2010

You need to find the real value and bargains. This will not happen over night. Do not worry if something passes you by in the meantime. Something else will come along. Promise.

Be "humble" like Wilbur the Pig. Even though you are doing well, do not get cocky. Keep it slow and easy. You do not want to lose everything you have to gain. emember Wilbur almost lost it all with the axe after he got good and plump.

Going back to Wilbur...there was also Charlotte, who was very patient. Charlotte had a lot of patience, and it was well worth the outcome. Do not panic when the markets dips. If it is a serious dip, then still take your time. A few more days will not make a difference. Timing is very important.

Just like with everything else in life. Moderation is best. Putting all your eggs in one…

References

Malkiel, B. (2003) a Random Walk Down Wall Street. NY: Norton.

John Perkins (2007), likewise, examines how the modern American Empire has affected our economy and our society in his book the Secret History of the American Empire.

Perkins reveals nothing new when he contends that the United States makes up "less than 5% of the world's population…[yet] consumes more than 25% of the world's resources" (p. 5). What he does do with this information is use it as a platform from which to analyze America's position in the global arena. How is America able to consume so much? According to Perkins, "this is accomplished to a large degree through the exploitation of other countries, primarily in the developing world" (p. 5).

As Howard Zinn points out, European powers, beginning in 1897, were pushing their way into China, a potential nation ripe for exploitation. The only problem was that America was not in on the action. What Zinn shows is how…

Reference List

Borowski, J. (2011). Government to Blame for Rising Gasoline and Food Prices.

FreedomWorks. Retrieved from  http://www.freedomworks.org/blog/jborowski/government-to-blame-for-rising-gasoline-and-food-p 

Dawson, R. (2011). Why 9/11 Still Matters. Anti-Neocons. Retrieved from http://www.rys2sense.com/anti-neocons/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=26320&hilit=iran+contra

Knightley, P. (2001). Taliban Rise to Power. The Guardian. Retrieved from  http://www.rense.com/general14/rise.htm

1980s Affecting Corporate Finance

From about the mid 1980s, the trend has been for companies, especially large ones, in industrialized countries to seek financing directly from financial markets rather than borrowing from commercial banks. This practice was motivated by various changes affecting corporate finance (Topsy-turvy, 1986). The main external source of corporate financing currently can be traced back to these past developments although more recent developments are also important.

Two changes traced to the mid 1980s that affected corporate finance were deregulation and internationalization. Deregulation caused increases in the cost of loans from commercial banks and in the number and types of entities offering financing (Topsy-turvy, 1986). Deregulation of interest rates permitted banks to pay higher rates for deposits, eventually increasing the price for loans. Consequently, it was cheaper for top-rated companies to obtain money by issuing commercial paper than by borrowing from banks. Deregulation also allowed more entities to…

Reference

Gongloff, M.(2010, September 8). Blue-Chip Borrowers Issue Debt in Droves Wall Street

Journal (Online). Retrieved from  http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.fiu.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=2133668831&SrchMode=2&sid=2&Fmt=4&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1290691705&clientId=20175

By suggesting that the Chinese methods of parenting are better -- or that at least Chinese mothers produce more skillful and successful children -- Chua is touching upon the popular American concern. Just consider that there are a billion like Chua back in China! Chua again appeals to similar rhetoric when she tries to defend her argument. Trying to convince her readers that rote repetition is a good method of learning, she says that it is actually a "fun" learning technique. Here again Chua knows her readers. It is known that the idea of a practice involving "fun" is very important and popular in America. But here, Chua explains that the Chinese method of forcing children to learn more and rigorously through rote repetition may seem harsh and dull for Western parents, but when it is done properly, it is not only a road to success but also a fun…

References

aChua, a. (2011) Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 5, 2011, from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704111504576059713528698754.html 

bChua, a. (2011) the Tiger Mother Responds to Readers. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 5, 2011, from  http://blogs.wsj.com/ideas-market/2011/01/13/the-tiger-mother-responds-to-readers/ 

"Chinese Man Drops After 3-Day Gaming Binge," (2007) Associated Press. Retrieved February 5, 2011, from  http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,297059,00.html#ixzz1D9EhR7sO 

Dejesus, I. (2011) 'Battle Humn of the Tiger Mother' Book Says Chinese Mothers, Offspring are Superior. The Patriot News. Retrieved on February 5, 2011, from  http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/01/battle_hymn_of_the_tiger_mothe.html

However, the new House will "provide capital to lenders as a last resort if students are unable to get loans otherwise" (Tomsho & Boyles 2008).

Investing in student loans and education is an investment in America's future. The students seeking to secure loans today had no role in the current subprime mortgage crisis that created the lack of available lending capital. Although this may hurt some students who use private lenders, giving FEEL added support helps the majority of students and the most financially needy of students secure loans to begin or to finish their education. The fact that "under the legislation, the Secretary of Education could purchase student loans from private lenders on an interim basis to provide emergency liquidity to markets," will give students, their parents, and banks added comfort that there will not be a crisis of students fleeing the schools, even if the credit…

Good news for some students in debt, bad news for other students. The Bank of America, one of the America's most important sources largest student lenders, said it will stop making private student loans. Instead, it will lend to students through a federally guaranteed program. Of course, this makes it difficult for students who need private student loans. However, students who qualify for federal student loans can breathe a sigh of relief. Also, the U.S. House of Representatives strengthened protections for the government loan program, the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, "which accounts for about four out of five college loans"(Tomsho & Boyles 2008).

Recently, more than 50 lenders, including Sallie Mae, the largest student loan provider, announced they would stop making FFEL loans. They said it was too difficult to raise lending capital with securities backed by such loans, given the credit crisis and previous federal cuts to the student loan program. However, the new House will "provide capital to lenders as a last resort if students are unable to get loans otherwise" (Tomsho & Boyles 2008).

Investing in student loans and education is an investment in America's future. The students seeking to secure loans today had no role in the current subprime mortgage crisis that created the lack of available lending capital. Although this may hurt some students who use private lenders, giving FEEL added support helps the majority of students and the most financially needy of students secure loans to begin or to finish their education. The fact that "under the legislation, the Secretary of Education could purchase student loans from private lenders on an interim basis to provide emergency liquidity to markets," will give students, their parents, and banks added comfort that there will not be a crisis of students fleeing the schools, even if the credit market continues to experience problems (Tomsho & Boyles 2008).

Instead of trying to build a brand, Pfizer hoped to 'buy into' the next big drug solution, and failed in its Patton-like strategy of focusing on the goal, and trying to leap over the many hurdles in creating its own new drug.

In contrast, the athletic shoe store Foot Locker has shown a successful Eisenhower-style approach by focusing on tightening its budget and cutting costs. Although streamlining is not a sexy 'big picture' strategy, by shying away from seeking market domination and taking a conservative strategy, Foot Locker showed a fourth quarter profit, despite a dismal market overall in the apparel industry. "Foot Locker announced another wave of store closures and a revamped management structure that combines the Lady Foot Locker chain with its three other brands. [CEO] Sterne Agee said it was 'essential' for the company to reduce its store base in the U.S. By at least 300 stores…[but]…

References

Jannarone, John. (2010, March 3). Big Pharma best skip course in Medivation. The Wall Street

Journal Online. Retrieved March 3, 2010 at  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703862704575099991122047042.html?mod=WSJ_business_IndustryNews_DHC 

Kell, John. (2010, March 3). Foot Locker swings to profit. The Wall Street Journal Online.

Retrieved March 3, 2010 at  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703862704575100010642743540.html?mod=WSJ_business_whatsNews